EXAMEN-PREGUNTA-READERS-Davinson...

manuelmorillo

Morfosintaxis Inglesa II

3º Grado en Estudios Ingleses

Facultad de Filología
Universidad de Sevilla

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 READERS I & III

I According to DAVISON (1980), state the semantico-pragmatic

implications in peculiar passives. Make use of suitable examples.

Some passives convey more than the corresponding actives, meaning

something slightly different.
The following passive version differs from the active version:

a) John sat on this chair.

b) This chair was sat on by John.

The passive sentence may suggest that the chair has suffered some damage
as a result of John's sitting on it.

Passives of this type often convey the suggestion of a bad effect, even in
completely neutral contexts. These negative suggestions may be physical or
psychological when the derived subject NP refers to a person. However, if a
famous person is mentioned as the agent, the passive conveys a positive
suggestion.

E.g:
(1)
a. I like to be sat next to by Steve.
b. I like to have Steve sit next to me. The agent is a non-famous
person therefore the suggestion is assumed to be negative.
(2)
a.That cup was drunk out of by Napoleon.
b.That cup had Napoleon drink out of it. The agent is a notable celebrity
(Napoleon), thus conveying a positive effect.

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 III According to HERBST (1988), give a brief account of the criteria leading
to the distinction between complements and peripheral elements. Make
use of suitable examples.

Complements and peripheral elements can be distinguished by two

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characterictics:

-Peripheral elements are not subject to any restrictions apart from the need
“to make sense” whereas complements only occur with particular
governing elements.

-The governing element determines the form of the complement, whereas

the peripheral element remains unaltered.

E.g:
(1)
a. You will not find many signposts to Exeter on Warwick.

The preposition phrase to Exeter is classified as a complement of the

governing noun signposts and on Warwick as a peripheral element,
independent of the governing noun.

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