Globalization of Religion (4th-7th)

- From religious or theological perspectives, globalization calls forth religious response and
interpretation. Yet religion and religions have also played important roles in bringing about and
characterizing globalization. Among the consequences of this implication for religion have been that
globalization encourages religious pluralism. Religions identify themselves in relation to one another,
and they become less rooted in particular places because of diasporas and transnational ties.
Globalization further provides fertile ground for a variety of noninstitutionalized religious
manifestations and for the development of religion as a political and cultural resource.

European Colonial Quest (Late 15th Century)

- European nations in the 15th century began exploring new lands with three motives: religion, wealth,
and glory. It was made possible by advances in naval fleet building and navigation, first pioneered by
the Portuguese. Europeans began to be involved in extensive exploration, coming in contact with Africa,
Americas and their prime target Asia. The main targets of the pioneering Portugese and Spanish was to
find and alternate trade route for the Indies trade and also promote Christianity to the new lands.

Intra- European wars (late 18th to early 19th century)

- The military history of Europe during the 19th century is ground well-trodden at the chronological ends,
the Napoleonic Wars (1800–1815) at one end and the Wars of German Unification (1864–1871) and
Wars of Imperialism at the other. Nevertheless, there is a shortage of European military histories that
address the wider developments of war in the 19th century. Thereafter the origins and course of the
Crimean War offered the first major crisis, which threatened to expand into a general European war.

Heyday of European Imperialism ( mid-19th century)

- The period between the 18th and 20th centuries in European history is known as the Age of Imperialism.
The most active European countries in terms of imperialism were Britain, France, and Germany. In the
late 1800’s, economic, political, and religious motives prompted these nations to expand their influence
over other regions, each with a goal to increase their power across the globe.

Post-Cold War 2 Period (1945)

- After World War II, the United States and its allies, and the Soviet Union and its satellite states began a
decades-long struggle for supremacy known as the Cold War. Soldiers of the Soviet Union and the
United States did not do battle directly during the Cold War. But the two superpowers continually
antagonized each other through political maneuvering, military coalitions, espionage, propaganda, arms
buildups, economic aid, and proxy wars between other nations.

Post-Cold War Period (1991)

- Three things defined the post-Cold War world. The first was U.S. power. The second was the rise of
China as the center of global industrial growth based on low wages. The third was the re-emergence of
Europe as a massive, integrated economic power. Meanwhile, Russia, the main remnant of the Soviet
Union, reeled while Japan shifted to a dramatically different economic mode. The post-Cold War world
had two phases. The first lasted from Dec. 31, 1991, until Sept. 11, 2001. The second lasted from 9/11
until now.