PRINCIPLES OF

SPORTS TRAINING
1. PRINCIPLE OF PERIODIZATION
2. PRINCIPLE OF SYSTEMATIZATION
3. PRINCIPLE OF GRADUAL AND PROGRESSIVE
INCREASE OF LOADS
4. PRINCIPLE OF INDIVIDUALIZATION
5. PRINCIPLE OF THE CONSCIOUS
 BEGINNING
6. -PRINCIPLE OF THE CONTINUOUS
CHARACTER OF TRAINING
7. -PRINCIPLE OF THE WAVE CHARACTER OF
CHARGES
8. -PRINCIPLE OF ACCESSIBILITY
9. -PRINCIPLE OF THE SENSOPERCEPTUAL
 PRINCIPLE OF PERIODIZATION
• The Russian academic Matvieev demonstrated
in 1962 that training is organized by PERIODS
and that each of them has one or more specific
objectives, so for example training is planned in
large cycles, which in turn are subdivided into
shorter cycles, From there, what everyone
knows as MACROCYCLES, MESOCYCLES,
MICROCYCLES AND TRAINING UNITS OR CLASSES
emerged in the sports world.
 PERIODS
• There are three periods of sports training,
each of them pursues different objectives
and is what forms the principle of the
periodization of sports training.
• PREPARATORY OR ACCUMULATION PERIOD.
• COMPETITIVE OR MAIN PERIOD.
• TRANSITIONAL PERIOD
PERIODS
The union of these three periods forms what
 is known by the term:
MACROCYCLE.
• The MACROCYCLE is the global planning of
the training and its duration will depend on
various factors such as:
• Type of sport
• Start date of the preparation and the
fundamental or main competence.
MACROCYCLE
The MACROCYCLE is made up of smaller cycles
 known by the term MESOCYCLES.
THE MESOCYCLE is made up of small cycles
that are known as MICROCYCLES.
THE MICROCYCLE is made up of training units
or classes.

MESOCYCLES
MESOCYCLES, these pursue very well-defined
objectives that indicate the tasks that our
athletes must fulfill at each moment of their
preparation. Example: In the general physical
 preparation mesocycle, the emphasis on
training will be directed to the development
of physical capabilities, the increase in the
general work capacity of our athletes and the
study of new technical or tactical actions .
MICROCYCLES
• The microcycles contain a certain amount of
training units or classes, which will be
determined by the type of sport, by the
competition system for which we prepare
 and by the moment of preparation in which
we are, this last aspect will determine the
content of the classes that make up each
microcycle.
CLASSES OR UNITS OF
TRAINING.
• The planning of the training units or classes is
perhaps the most important moment in the
entire long chain that makes up the general
planning of the training, it is where all the
actions aimed at meeting the proposed
objectives are reflected and executed and it is
where the changes are introduced. that the
development of the training and the controls
that are applied advise us to carry out.
 CLASSES OR UNITS…….
The classes also have a methodological order
and for their organization they are divided
into four parts:
Initial part
Preparatory part
Main part
 CLASSES OR UNITS…….
Final part.
 CLASSES OR UNITS
• Initial part.- This is where we form the group,
attendance is taken and the athletes are
informed of the content of the class. It lasts
approximately five minutes.
• Preparatory part.- As its name indicates, it is
the part of the class where the warm-up takes
place and its duration should be between
fifteen or twenty minutes.
 CLASSES OR UNITS
• Main part.- It is where the actions that we will
carry out in the class are reflected and the
objectives that are pursued at each moment are
fulfilled. Its duration will depend on the content
of the class and the stage in which we find
ourselves.
• Final part.- As its name indicates, it is the last
action of the class and seeks the normalization
of the body's functions, recovery after the
applied load and a very brief analysis of the task
performed.
 PRINCIPLE OF THE
THEMATIC SYSTEM
As its name indicates, the principle of
systematization is a set of methods that are
applied to obtain the sporting form of
athletes. These methods each have defined
objectives and are directed in three
fundamental directions, which are:
1 .The development of the athlete's general
work capacity.
 SYSTEMATIZATION
….
2 .-Learning new and increasingly complex motor
actions.
3 .- The improvement of the new technical and
tactical actions learned.
This principle indicates the need to work
systematically to achieve the proposed objectives
and is based on the formation of motor habits that
become dynamic stereotypes.
 SYSTEMATIZATION
From
….
the moment that temporal connections
are established at the level of the athletes'
cerebral cortex that allow the execution of
complex motor actions in a light way and with
great economy of effort. It must be said that
stereotypes are established through the
countless repetitions of the actions that we
seek to learn and perfect.
 PRINCIPLE OF GRADUAL INCREASE
AND PROGRESSIVE LOADS
To increase the general work capacity of our
athletes, it is necessary to apply the principle of
gradual and progressive increase in training
loads. This principle establishes that loads must
be increased gradually and are closely linked to
the principle of accessibility.
Methods to increase training loads.
 GRADUAL INCREASE AND
PR OG RE S IV O …..
Methods for increasing training loads:
1. Increased exercise volume
2. Weight increase
3. Complexity of the exercises
4. Intensification of motor actions.
The combination of these methods allows us to
achieve the proposed objectives more quickly
and protect ourselves from injuries.
 GRADUAL INCREASE AND
PROG RE S IV O
• Another aspect that conditions the principle of
gradual and progressive increase in loads is
the need to alternate periods of work with
periods of rest, which allow the human
organism to recover strength and here is
intertwined with the principle of the wave
nature of the loads.
 PRINCIPLE OF THE
INDIVIDUALIZATION
This principle establishes the individual nature of
the loads of sports training, in accordance with
the level reached by each of the athletes as well
as the functions performed within the team if it
is a collective sport.
There are no two people with the same
morphological and functional characteristics,
even in identical twins there is always one who is
stronger or faster than the other.
 PRINCIPLE OF INDIVIDUALI….
This reality tells us that the application of training
loads must have an individual character, taking
as a basis or starting point the level of each of
the athletes, their competitive experience, the
development of their physical capabilities and
the role or role played in the team if it were a
collective sport, serves as an example that the
training of the soccer goalkeeper is not the
same as that of the rest of the players.
 PRINCIPLE OF THE CONSCIOUS
• In modern sports, more and more demands are
made of athletes every day in order to achieve
high sports results, advances in training
methods, in the increasingly growing connection
of sciences applied to sports, the discovery of
new materials, the manufacturing of high-tech
equipment that increasingly allows man to raise
the levels achieved, requires athletes to have
greater
 PRINCIPLE OF THE CONSC…..
A greater dedication and willingness to make the
great efforts that will take them to the top in
their respective sports. This presupposes that
the athlete must know the planning of his
training and the objectives pursued in each of
them, to apply himself consciously and
concentrated in the execution of the tasks and
thus realize his aspirations for success.
 PRINCIPLE OF CONTINUITY
It constitutes one of the most important principles
of sports training and especially of the training of
high-performance athletes, who, as is known, go
through different stages until reaching Sports
Mastery.
This principle is the uninterrupted element of a
long process that begins when the athlete
attends an area for the first time.
 CONTINUITY………
It continues when specialization begins through
the acquisition of motor actions specific to the
sport in question and knowledge of the various
tactical variants, as well as the sustained
development of different physical abilities and
the accumulation of competitive experiences
given by participation. systematic in
competencies at different levels.
• The interruption of this continuous process leads
 CONTINUITY………
to injuries, frustrations and demotivation in
individuals who generally end up abandoning
sports practice due to not achieving the
expected results.
• Continuity allows the normal and balanced flow
of the development of the different physical
abilities and technical-tactical skills of the
athlete.
• Finally, the observance of this principle has
 CONTINUITY………
led the International Sports Federations to
establish levels of competitions that take into
account the necessary continuity and
encourage athletes to go through them
without interrupting the process.
 Principle of Wave Character
of the loads
• It is known that the human organism should not
be subjected to continuous maximum efforts,
due to the onset of exhaustion and the need for
recovery periods between each training session,
each microcycle and each mesocycle.
• The dynamics of the loads vary in each of the
training periods
 Principle of Character Undulat….
• The preparatory period, in its general physical
preparation mesocycle, is characterized by the
progressive increase in volume and a discrete
increase in intensity. This relationship begins to
change in the special preparation mesocycle
where the volume begins to decrease and the
intensity gradually increases. intensity and
already in the competitive period the volume
drops considerably, but the intensity rises and
in the transitory period both elements fall
 Principle of Character Undulat….
• These fluctuations allow the body to restore
itself and accumulate energy that will be
revealed in competitions.
• Failure to respect this principle often leads to
overtraining and loss of sporting form, as well
as the occurrence of undesirable injuries.
Principle of Accessibility
One of the most important principles in planning
sports training is ACCESSIBILITY, as its name
indicates, it is necessary to take into account
and know the real capacity, level of
development of the athletes we have and
their category (ages). ), in order to apply the
loads and intensity levels that they can really
assimilate.
 ACCESSIBLE……
…. of development that our
To know the degree
athletes have, we have the following tools:
1. If it is a group of athletes who have been working
with us for a long time, the best tool to
determine what level of load we start with in the
macrocycle is the analysis of the previous training
carried out, that is, the analysis of the previous
macrocycle.
 ACCESSIBLE……
2.In the event that
…. it is a new group, it is
necessary to allocate the first two weeks of
training to carrying out pedagogical tests that
allow us to evaluate the level of physical
preparation that our students have and also
their technical-tactical mastery.
3.Carrying out physiological tests (if possible) will
provide us with valuable information that will
allow us to know the functional status of the
athletes.
 ACCESSIBLE……
Non-observance
….of this principle brings dire
consequences to training, as it constitutes a
triggering factor for undesirable injuries that
can have serious consequences for the health of
athletes, such as deviations of the spine,
rupture of muscles and/or ligaments, cardiac
arrhythmias, etc. . and also the frustration of
athletes that causes them to abandon the
practice of sport.
 PRINCIPLE OF THE SENSO-
• PERCEPTUAL
This principle is reflected in any knowledge
process and its practical application takes place
mainly when teaching new motor actions. To
the extent that the athlete clearly perceives the
characteristics and details of the action to be
studied, he will be able to perform it with a
greater or lesser degree of accuracy. The
athlete must clearly see and feel the movement
to be executed.
• We must try to ensure that the athlete pays
 PRINCIPLE OF SENSE-
maximum attention when the new motor
PERCEPTION….
actions are demonstrated and it is essential to
prepare the body with special exercises similar
to the action we want to incorporate.
• Currently, the development of technology
allows us to use new methods to achieve
optimal perception by athletes of the different
technical actions.
 PRINCIPLE OF SENSE-
• The use of videos, multimedia and other audio-
PERCEPTION….
visual media expand the tools that allow us
optimal perception, however nothing replaces
the application of the exercise method,
accompanied by the correct use of known signal
systems when demonstrating and explain a
given motor action. This method is what really
allows the athlete to perceive and feel the
movement we want to learn.
 GOOD PLANNING WILL
IT WILL LEAD TO TRIUMPH.

Author: Lic. Erick Leon Fernandez