EXERCISES WITH SENSORS

1. Escalator.

Power, control and protection scheme of an escalator in a department store with the
following operation: ƒ

The staircase starts up when the presence of people is detected with a photocell. It will run
long enough to get people on and off the conveyor belt: about 20 seconds. ƒ There will be
a Manual operation button and another Stop button. If the thermal relay is triggered, a
pilot light will appear.

2. Star-delta starting of a three-phase asynchronous motor

The star delta starter is a procedure used to start three-phase squirrel cage asynchronous
motors with high power, up to 11 kW. The motor has 6 accessible terminals that
correspond to the beginning and end of each winding. In normal operation it must be in a
triangle, but during startup it

Eng. Maira Cecilia Gasca Mantilla Electromechanical engineering

connects in star because consumption is 3 times lower. Also the torque will be reduced by
one third of the nominal torque during start-up. The switch from the star connection to the
delta connection of the motor must be carried out when the motor has started at
approximately 75% of the nominal speed. That is, the motor has just started in a triangle
even though it starts in a star. a) Connection of the plates in the star motor connection
box. b) Connection of the plates in the motor connection box in a triangle.

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 Operating curves:

The operation is as follows: When S2 is activated, the KM2 contactor enters and
powers the motor (line contactor). The KM1 contactor also enters, which stares the
motor, joining the ends of the motor. ƒ Additionally, a pneumatic head timed at
KM2 begins timing. It starts with a lower intensity than if it were a direct start.
When the programmed time passes, 5 seconds, contactor KM1 opens and contactor
KM3 enters, putting the ends of the motor in a triangle and consuming the nominal
current in a permanent state once the motor has started. Contactors KM1 and KM3
will be mechanically and electrically interlocked to avoid short circuits between
phases. If we press the stop button S1, the motor will stop. Practical assembly:

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 3. Sliding gate Access to a company's premises is protected by a sliding gate, which is

Eng. Maira Cecilia Gasca Mantilla Electromechanical engineering

 only opened when a vehicle wishes to enter or exit it. The doorman is in charge of
controlling the gate. Carry out the practice using wired automation with contactors and
relays.

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 Requirements imposed on gate control ƒ The gate is opened and closed by pressing
buttons in the doorman's booth. The doorman can supervise the operation of the gate.
ƒ Normally, the gate opens or closes completely. However, your movement can be
interrupted at any time. ƒ A warning light remains illuminated 5 seconds before the
start and during the movement of the gate. ƒ A safety device prevents people from
being injured or objects being trapped and damaged when the gate closes.

Components used: K1 Open contactor K2 Close contactor S0 NC STOP button S1 NO

OPEN button S2 NO CLOSE button S3 NC OPEN position switch S4 NC CLOSED position
switch S5 NC safety pressure bar H1 Warning lamp K2 Switch-on timer K4 Connection
timer

Eng. Maira Cecilia Gasca Mantilla Electromechanical engineering

Eng. Maira Cecilia Gasca Mantilla Electromechanical engineering
 4. Mechanical stair. Control and protection scheme for an escalator in a department
store. It will work when the presence of people is detected with a photocell. It will run
long enough for people to get on and off the conveyor belt. Approximately 20 seconds.
If the thermal relay is triggered, a pilot light will appear.

5. Automatic control of a garage door Design and assemble the electrical control,
power and protection panel of a timed garage door with inductive sensors and
photocells. Inputs/outputs: - 1 Door opening button (PM) - 1 Stop switch (PP) - 2

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 Inductive detectors with 2-wire NO contacts (B1 and B2) - 2 Reflex photocells with NO
contact (B3 and B4) - 1 Signal light
intermittent that is activated when the door moves (H1) - 1 Short-circuited three-phase
asynchronous rotor motor with double direction of rotation to open and close the door
(Q1 and Q2) Operation: - The door is closed and, therefore , activated the lower
inductive sensor B1. - The door goes up when you press the PM button. - The door
stops when the upper inductive sensor is activated. - After 5 seconds the door closes
automatically. - When the lower limit switch B2 is activated, the door will stop. - To
open the door again it will be necessary to press the PM button. - The closing of the
door can be interrupted at any time if the reflective photoelectric detectors B3 or B4
detect a car while it is lowering. - While the door is raising or lowering, the flashing
indicator light H1 is active. - At any time during the automatic operation of the door, it
can be stopped by activating the stop switch (PP). By deactivating the PP the process
will continue at the point where it left off.

Eng. Maira Cecilia Gasca Mantilla Electromechanical engineering

Eng. Maira Cecilia Gasca Mantilla Electromechanical engineering