FOCUS AND

ECOLOGICAL MODEL

Speakers

Guerra Salas Angelica

Herazo Acosta Angie
Medina Sarmiento Yalenis
Vidal Norelis Market
Narváez Bonilla Liliana
WHAT IS THE
APPROACH
ECOLOGICA
L
It is a theory that provides
conceptual elements used
in the social sciences to
examine the relationships
between the individual and their social
environment (Bronfenbrenner 1970)
 URIE
BRONFENBRENNER

Highlights theimportance
crucial
what's wrong with it the study of
the
environments in which we
we unwrap Defend development
as a change
lasting in the way in which the
person perceives the environment
that surrounds him (that is, his ecological
environment) and the way in which he relates to
it.
--- MICROsystem
• Family nucleus
• school

MESOsystem
• family relationship •
school - friends

EXOsystem
• extended family
• family work
• neighborhood/community
• television/internet

MACROsystem
• culture/values/traditions
• economic system
• legislation
• social norms
OTHER AUTHORS
Hartman and Laird 1983 emphasize the relationship between
people and their physical and social environments. From this
perspective, ecology deals with the sensitive balance that exists
between living beings and their environment and the ways in
which this balance can be maintained and improved.

Germain and Gitterman in 1986, when applying the ecological

model to social work, refers to the exchanges that take place
between human beings and their environment that achieve an
adaptive balance and, on the other hand, how and why others
fail to achieve said balance.
 On the other hand, Ripoll (1988, 1992), among other authors, offers an
understanding of the complex and permanent interaction of people with
their more or less immediate environments, where the structure and
dynamics of social networks and the support transactions that are
generated in these.

Likewise, the authors Emery and Laumann-Billings (1998) used the ecological
model to analyze the causes and consequences of abusive family relationships and
established the family as the most immediate context. The broader ecological
context was constituted by the qualities of the community in which the
family is immersed, such as poverty, the absence of services, violence,
social disorganization, the lack of identity within its members, and the
lack of cohesion in it.
 INTERVENTION MODEL
ECOLOGICAL

Its unit of attention is man in his multiple social

roles.

Social, political and

commercial institutions,
etc. They also link their
belonging to a culture to
an ethnic group and a
social class.
 WHAT IS THIS MODEL FOR?

1 Correct the poor adaptation of the man-environment, from the

premises of the interrelation, interaction and interconnection man-
environment, subject-problem situation, with the various factors that
affect their own situation.

2 It aims to overcome the linearity of cause and effect: as well as to avoid

holding the individual, the family or the context responsible in a
particular and exclusive way for the social situation of the problem.
The responsibility for this lies in the transaction of the user system with
other people and with the physical environment.

3 Showing a holistic and broad view of human problems also takes into
account the different contexts in which an individual develops.
4 Analyze the macro system in which the individual and
the family operate and how this directly and indirectly
affects the current problems, taking into account the
ecosystem and the microsystem.

5 Develop the individual's level of functioning prior to

the crisis with the participation of the entire family
and people who in some way interact with him.

6 Use understandable strategies through familiar

language so that it is easy to remember, applicable to
any group regardless of age or whether they have a
disability.
CHARACTERISTICS

7 It requires a multidisciplinary team that constitutes a unit.

8 Family organization patterns are investigated and respected

9 It is a multi-vector model where all the factors are changed in the

treatment of the crisis situation.

10 An extra-mural therapy is developed where the problems occur.

11 Problems are dealt with in the community where they arise.

12 It privileges external factors that generate crises, respecting

sociocultural patterns.
 J INITIAL PHASE
%

It is the basis of preparation, exploration, commitment

and agreements

There are two types of realities:

13 • Objective reality of the assisted Subjective reality of

the assisted
Main recommendations when using this phase for the
social worker:

■ Communicate interest and concern

■ Invite the expression of needs and problems

■ Convey a sense of realistic hope

■ Clearly present the services of the institution and its
professional function

■ Produce a mutual understanding as to the next

steps
■ DEVELOPMENT PHASE
D r Vm—)-AmAAA i •

* The social worker and the assisted

person work on the needs or
problems to achieve the objectives.
Main recommendations when using this phase for the
social worker:

■ Commit and influence the institutional structures, in

order to respond to the needs of the assisted person and
promote the solution of their problems.

■ Manage to formalize temporary arrangements with

the assisted person and the environment
ECOMAP
It is an instrument that
represents a panorama of
the family and its
situation; graphing
important connections
that nourish
relationships, the
conflictive burden
between the family and
its world
STEPS TO CARRY OUT THE
ECOMAP
 Informal
relationships

Intermediate
Intermediate

Formal
relationships
Richard Sony
a
 CONCLUSIONS
The ecological approach focuses its attention on environmental
interconnections (micro-, meso-, exo-, macro-, chrono- and
globosystem) and the model provides the procedures to approach the
family taking into account the aforementioned systems, thus
generating balance between the family and its environment; In the
same way, it recognizes the importance that the influence of the
environment has on the full development of the individual or the
family and allows considering the family as an entity in progressive
accommodation to its immediate environments (also changing) and
influenced by the relationships established in the other systems in
which it is included
Phrases to reflect on ida.rp4