THE TEJEROS CONVENTION

On March 22, 1897 the Tejeros Convention was held in order to reconcile the
differences between the two factions of the Katipunan: the Magdalo, which
viewed Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy as its leader, and the Magdiwang, which
gravitated towards Andres Bonifacio. The outcome was a decision that the
Katipunan should be dissolved and a revolutionary government established.
Elections were held for its officers: Emilio Aguinaldo was elected President and
Andres Bonifacio, the former leader of the Katipunan, was elected Director of the
Interior. Initially, Bonifacio accepted his position, but was insulted when Daniel
Tirona objected. Bonifacio declared the proceedings of the Tejeros Convention
null and void and established a new government. This was seen as an act of
treason by the others and Bonifacio was charged with refusing to recognize newly
established Revolutionary Government. He was arrested and sentenced to death
in Maragondon, Cavite.

THE EXECUTION OF ANDRES BONIFACIO

Bonifacio’s death is on Aguinaldo’s bloody hand. The official history of
the Republic of the Philippines records that Aguinaldo, indeed, ordered
Bonifacio’s execution: Emilio Aguinaldo, probably to get rid of his
already fallen rival, who was covered with wounds which were almost
in a state of putrefaction for lack of medicine and attention, ordered
the execution, first of Procopio Bonifacio and then of Andres who,
because of his wounds, was carried in a hammock to the place where
his brother Procopio, two hours before, had been executed
THE REVOLUTION AFTER THE DEATH OF ANDRESS BONIFACIO

On November 1, 1897, Aguinaldo, along with several

revolutionaries, convened a citizen’s assembly in order to draft
a provisional constitution for the Philippines, which has come
to be known as the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato. The
government established was to be headed by a Supreme
Council composed of a President, Vice President, and four
Secretaries empowered to govern. However, this plan never
materialized because Aguinaldo entered into negotiations with
the Spanish government. This resulted in an agreement under
which Philippine Revolutionaries would go into exile in Hong
Kong and surrender their arms in exchange for financial
indemnities and pardons. The Pact of Biak-na-Bato, as it would
later be called, was signed on December 15, 1897. Aguinaldo
and the revolutionaries departed for Hong Kong on December
24, 1897. In Hong Kong, Aguinaldo and his companions
established a Junta, which worked toward continuing the
revolution and gaining freedom from the Spaniards.
Aguinaldo at ang mga rebolusyonaryo ay umalis patungong
Hong Kong noong Disyembre 24, 1897. Sa Hong Kong, si
Aguinaldo at ang kanyang mga kasama ay nagtatag ng isang
Junta, na nagtrabaho patungo sa pagpapatuloy ng rebolusyon
at pagkakaroon ng kalayaan mula sa mga pananakop ng kastila
sa ating bansa.
THE TREATY OF BIAK NA BATO
Pedro Paterno, a Spaniard born in the Philippines volunteered
to act as negotiator between Aguinaldo and Gov. Primo de
Rivera Pact of Biak-na-Bato with Pedro Paterno and Emilio
Aguinaldoin order to end the clashes. Paterno’s effort paid off
when on, December 15, 1897, the Pact he sign the Pact as the
representative of the revolutionaries, and de Rivera as the
representative of the Spanish government.
Si Pedro Paterno, isang Kastila na ipinanganak sa Pilipinas ay
nagboluntaryong kumilos bilang negosyador sa pagitan nina
Aguinaldo at Gov. Primo de Rivera Pact ng Biak-na-Bato kasama
sina Pedro Paterno at Emilio Aguinaldoin upang wakasan ang
sagupaan. Nagbunga ang pagsisikap ni Paterno nang noong
Disyembre 15, 1897, ang Kasunduan ay nilagdaan niya ang
Kasunduan bilang kinatawan ng mga rebolusyonaryo, at si de
Rivera bilang kinatawan ng pamahalaang Espanyol.

THE CONTENT CONTENT OF BIAK NA BATO

Noong Disyembre 23, 1897, dumating sa Biak-na-Bato sina
Generals Celestino Tejero at Ricardo Monet ng hukbong
Espanyol at naging hostage ng mga rebelde. Isang tigil-putukan
ang idineklara ng magkabilang kampo at ang isang kasunduan
sa pagitan ni Aguinaldo at ng mga puwersa ng Kastila ay ginawa
-na ang pamahalaang Espanyol ay magbibigay ng sariling
pamumuno sa Pilipinas sa loob ng 3 taon kung si Aguinaldo ay
nagpatapon at isuko ang kanyang mga armas. Bilang kapalit,
tatanggap si Aguinaldo ng P800,000 (Mexican Pesos) bilang
kabayaran sa mga rebolusyonaryo at amnestiya. Matapos
makatanggap ng bahagyang bayad na P400,000, umalis si
Aguinaldo patungong Hong Kong noong Disyembre 27, 1897.
Gayunpaman, ang ilang heneral na Pilipino ay hindi naniniwala
sa katapatan ng mga Kastila. Tumanggi silang isuko ang kanilang
mga armas.

THE FAILURE OF THE CEASE FIRE

DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT
The Dictatorial Government of the Philippines (Spanish:
Gobierno Dictatorial de Filipinas) was an insurgent government
in the Spanish East Indies inaugurated during the Spanish–
American War by Emilio Aguinaldo in a public address on May
24, 1898 on his return to the Philippines from exile in Hong
Kong, and formally established on June 18. The government
was officially a dictatorship with Aguinaldo formally holding the
title of "Dictator".

THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERMENT

Four governmental departments were initially created, each

having several bureaus: foreign relations, marine and
commerce; war and public works; police, justice, instruction
and hygiene; finance, agriculture, and industry. A Revolutionary
Congress was established with power to watch over the general
interest of the Philippine people, and carrying out of the
revolutionary laws; to discuss and vote upon said laws; to
discuss and approve, prior to their ratification, treaties and
loans; to examine and approve the accounts presented
annually by the secretary of finance, as well as extraordinary
and other taxes which may hereafter be imposed.
On August 14, 1898, two days after the Battle of Manila of the
Spanish–American War and about two months after
Aguinaldo's proclamation of this revolutionary government, the
United States established a military government in the
Philippines, with General Merritt acting as military governor.

THE MALOLOS CONSITUTION

Ang Konstitusyong Pampulitika ng 1899 impormal na kilala
bilang Konstitusyon ng Malolos, ay ang konstitusyon ng Unang
Republika ng Pilipinas. Ito ay isinulat nina Felipe Calderón y
Roca at Felipe Buencamino bilang alternatibo sa isang pares ng
mga panukala sa Kongreso ng Malolos nina Apolinario Mabini
at Pedro Paterno. Pagkatapos ng mahabang debate sa huling
bahagi ng 1898, ito ay ipinahayag noong 21 Enero 1899. Ang
konstitusyon ay naglagay ng mga limitasyon sa hindi
pinangangasiwaang kalayaan sa pagkilos ng punong ehekutibo
na magiging hadlang sa mabilis na paggawa ng desisyon. Dahil
ito ay nilikha noong paglaban para sa kalayaan ng Pilipinas mula
sa Espanya, gayunpaman, ang Artikulo 99 nito ay nagbigay-daan
sa walang harang na kalayaan ng ehekutibo sa pagkilos sa
panahon ng digmaan. Ang hindi pinangangasiwaang
ehekutibong pamamahala ay nagpatuloy sa buong Digmaang
Pilipino–Amerikano na sumiklab kaagad pagkatapos ng
proklamasyon.
THE PHILIPPINES REPUBLIC
The First Philippine Republic was established during the
Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire (1896–1897)
and the Spanish–American War between Spain and the United
States (1898). Following the American victory at the Mock
Battle of Manila, Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines, issued
the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898,
and established successive revolutionary Philippine
governments on June 18 and 23 of that year.

END OF TTH REPUBLIC