THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

2023/24 Academic year

MA110: MATHEMATICAL METHODS

Tutorial sheet 14

LIMITS

1. Evaluate the following limits

x3  2 2 x2  5x  2
(a)
x2

lim 2 x 2  x  7  (b) lim
t  3
(c) lim
x  2 x 2  9 x  14
x

x4 cos 2 x tan 5 x

(d) lim (e) lim (f) lim
x4 x 2 x  0 cos x x 0 x

2. Determine the following limits

x x2 x
(a) lim 2 (b) lim (c) lim
x 0 3x  2 x x 0 2  x 2 x 0 5x  2 x2
3

x x3 3x3  2 x
(d) lim (e) lim (f) lim
x x  x2
3 x  2 x 2  x x  4  2 x 2  7 x3

3  2  x  5 x √𝑥 2 +𝑥+4−2
(g) lim f) lim √𝑥 + 1 − √𝑥 h) lim
x  2  4 x 𝑥→∞ 𝑥→0 𝑥 2 +𝑥

3 𝑥+1
(i) lim √2𝑥 + 1 j) lim(𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥) k) lim 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
𝑥→2 𝑥→0 𝑥→0 2

𝑥 2 −1
(l) lim m) lim 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑥→1 1−𝑥 𝑥→∞

3. Find the limit of the following quotients as h  0

xh  x
(a)
h
 sin( x  h)  sin x
(b)
h

4. Use the Squeeze Theorem to find the limits of the following

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1
a) lim b) lim c) lim d)lim 𝑥 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥)
𝑥→∞ 𝑛2 𝑥→∞ 𝑛2 𝑥→∞ 𝑒 𝑛 𝑥→0

5. Find the limits of the following

𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐4𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥
a) lim b) lim c) lim d) lim
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 5𝑥

6.State if the limit exist or not give a reason why

𝑥 2 −5 |𝑥| 1
a) lim b)lim c) lim √𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2 d) lim
𝑥→2 𝑥−2 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→−2 𝑥→0 𝑥

2𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < −1
d) lim 𝑓(𝑥) Where 𝑓(𝑥) = { 3 𝑖𝑓 − 1 < 𝑥 < 1
𝑥→−1
2𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 1

2𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 2
e) lim 𝑓(𝑥) Where 𝑓(𝑥) = {
𝑥→1 𝑥 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 2

𝑥 2 + 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < −1
f) lim 𝑓(𝑥) Where 𝑓(𝑥) = {
𝑥→0 3𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ −1
𝑠𝑖𝑛|𝑥|
g)lim
𝑥→0 𝑥

1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1 √1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
7. a) Given that lim+ = 2 , Evaluate lim+ .
𝑥→0 𝑥2 𝑥→0 𝑥

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
b) Given that lim , Evaluate lim
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥2

 x 2 if 0  x  1
8. (a) Let f ( x)  
 2  x if 1  x  3

(i) Is the function continuous at x = 1?

(ii) Find lim f ( x)

x 2
 (iii) Sketch the graph of f (x )

x
(b) Let f ( x)  . Determine giving reasons whether or not the function is
x
continuous at x = 0.

CONTINUITY

1. Explain why each function is discontinuous at the given point by indicating which of the
three conditions in the definition of continuity.
𝑥 1 𝑥 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 2
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−1 at 𝑥 = 1 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 at 𝑥 = 0 c) 𝑓(𝑥) = { at
3𝑥 − 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 2
𝑥=2
1⁄
d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 at 𝑥 = 2

2. Find all discontinuities of 𝑓(𝑥). For each discontinuity that is removable, define a new
function that removes the discontinuity.
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥−1 4𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 0
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −1 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 c) 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 d) 𝑓(𝑥) =
1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0
2𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 1
{
𝑥 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 1
3. Determine the intervals on which 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous.

1
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 3 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥) c) 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(𝑥 + 1) d) 𝑓(𝑥) =
sin(𝑥 2 + 2)
5 8
e) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 − 1 f) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 − 1 g) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥

4. Determine values of 𝑎 and 𝑏 that make the given function continuous

2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0 𝑎𝑒 𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
𝑥 𝑥
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑎 𝑖𝑓 = 0 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 2 𝑖𝑓 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0

DEFFERENTIATION

1. Differentiate the following functions using the first principal:

1
𝑎) 𝑓(𝑥) = √2𝑥 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1 c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2. Differentiate the following
𝑥 3𝑥 2
a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 5 √𝑥 3 + 2 b ) 𝑦 = (𝑥 3 + 2)√𝑥 5 c)𝑦 = √𝑥 2 d)𝑦 = (2𝑥−1)2
+1
3. Differentiate the following
𝑒 −2𝑥
a) 𝑦 = 4𝑒 3𝑥 b) 𝑦 = c) 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛√8𝑥 d) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 +
√𝑥+1
𝑒 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥

e) 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) f) y  a  x  x5 g) y  log3 7 x3  2x  1

 x3  2 
h) y  ln 
5 
 x  3 

4. Differentiate the following

a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4−3𝑥+1 b)𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥43𝑥 c)𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥
5. Use logarithmic differentiation to find the derivative of the following
2
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4−𝑥 c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 √𝑥 d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥
6. Differentiate the following
2𝑥
a) 𝑦 = sin (𝑥+1) b) 𝑦 = √𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 2 c) 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 5 d) 𝑦 = cos(4𝑥 − 3)

e) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥

7. Differentiate the following

a) 𝑦 = 4𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥 b) 𝑦 =tan√𝑥 2 + 1 𝑐)𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡4𝑥 d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 3𝑥

𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑥2
e) 𝑦 = f) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 4 𝑥
𝑥

8. Show that the given functions are differentiable or not at given value of 𝑥.
4 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 2
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = { at 𝑥 = 2
2𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 2

2𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = { at 𝑥 = 0
3𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 0

𝑥 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
c) 𝑓(𝑥) = { at 𝑥 = 0
𝑥 3 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 0

8. Compute the indicated derivative

𝑑2 𝑓 3
a) 𝑑𝑥 2 for 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 4 −
√𝑥

4
b) 𝑓 ′′′ (𝑡) for 𝑓(𝑡) = 4𝑡 2 − 12 + 𝑡 2
 c) 𝑓 4 (𝑥) for 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 − 2

𝑑2 𝑓
d) 𝑑𝑥 2 for 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 6 − √𝑥

9. Show that
𝑑 𝑑
a) 𝑑𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 b) 𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑑 −1
c) 𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 = √1−𝑥 2 for −1 < 𝑥 < 1

𝑑 1 𝑑 1 𝑑
d) 𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 = √1−𝑥 2 for −1 < 𝑥 < 1 e) 𝑑𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥
𝑑𝑥

10. Find the derivative 𝑦 ′ (𝑥) implicitly

a) 𝑥𝑒 𝑦 − 3𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 1 b) 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 = 4𝑥 c) 3𝑥 + 𝑦 3 − 4𝑦 = 10𝑥 2
d)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 8

e) √𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑦 2 = 12 f) 3x 2  4 y 2  7 g) x x  y   y 2

h) 3x 2  7 y 2  4 xy  8 x  0

11. Find the derivative of the given functions.

a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √𝑥 b)𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑥 3 + 1) c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (𝑥 4 )

𝑥2
d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑥

e) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 3𝑥 f) 𝑓(𝑥) = csc −1 (2𝑥 + 1)

𝑑𝑦
12. Find 𝑑𝑥 of the hyperbolic function.

(a) 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑥 (b) 𝑓(𝑥) = sinh(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) (c) 𝑓(𝑥) = cosh(𝑥 2 ) − sinh(𝑥 2 ) d) 𝑓(𝑥) =
coth(2𝑥)

13. a) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve with parametric equations
𝜋
i) 𝑥 = 3𝑡 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑡 2 + 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡, 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑃, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑡 = 2

ii) 𝑥 = 9 − 𝑡 2 , 𝑦 = 𝑡 2 + 6𝑡, 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑃, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑡 = 2

iii) 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑡 , 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡 , at the point 𝑃, where 𝑡 = 0

𝜋
iv) 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡, at the point 𝑃, where 𝑡 = 6

14 a) Find the equation of the tangent to the curves i) 𝑦 = 4√𝑥 at the point (9,12)
 2𝑥−1
ii) 𝑦 = at the point (1,1)
𝑥
b) Find the equation of the normal to the curves i) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 at the point (6,6)
8
ii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − at the point
√𝑥
(4,12)
c) Find the coordinates of the point where the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1 at the
point

(2,5) meets the normal to the same curve at the point (1,2).

d) Find the equations of the normals to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 3 at the points (0,0) and
(1,2), and find the coordinates of the points where these normals meet.
e) Find the equations of the tangent and the normal to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 at
the point where it meets the positive 𝑥 −axis.

15.i) Find the critical numbers of the following

3 3𝑥
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 + 2 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −1

1 𝑥 2 −2
d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 ) e) 𝑓(𝑥) = f) 𝑓(𝑥) = √3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥+2

ii) Let f x   1  sin2 x  sin x be a function defined on the interval 0  x  2 .

(i) Find all the critical points of the function on 0  x  2 .

(ii) Find the tangent to the graph of the function at a point where x   .

16. Find all the critical numbers and use the First Derivative Test to classify each as the
location of a local maximum, local minimum or neither

a)𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 6𝑥 b) 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 c)𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 2

1 𝑥
d) 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1 − 𝑥 2 ) e) 𝑦 = 1+𝑥 2

4⁄ 1⁄
f) 𝑦 = √𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 g) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 3 h) 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 − 2 i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥

17. Find the intervals where the function is increasing and decreasing

a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 2 + 1 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 c) 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(𝑥 2 − 1)

2 −1
d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥

e) 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)2⁄3 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 9𝑥 + 1

18. Determine the intervals where the graph of the given function is concave up and concave
down.

a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑒 −4𝑥 c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥 2 )

1⁄
d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3(1 − 𝑥) 3

e) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 1 f) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 6𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3

19. Find all critical numbers and use the second Derivative Test to determine all local extrema

𝑥 2 −1 2
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 − 1 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 c) 𝑓(𝑥) = d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑥

𝑥 2 −5𝑥+4
e) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥

20. Determine all significant features and sketch a graph.

𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+2 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −9 c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 +4 d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 𝑙𝑛𝑥

2𝑥 𝑥 2 −3 𝑥 2 +1
e) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 f) 𝑓(𝑥)= g) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 −1
+4 𝑥3
3 2
h) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 3𝑥

i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 j) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

21. a) A minor sector OMN of a circle with centre O and radius 𝑟 cm has the perimeter of
100 cm.

i) Show that Area 𝐴 = 50𝑟 − 𝑟 2 .

ii) The value of 𝑟 for which 𝐴 is maximum and show that 𝐴 is a maximum.

iii) The value of < M0N for this maximum area.

iv) The maximum area of the sector OMN.

b) A closed cylinder has total surface area equal to 600𝜋 . Show that the Volume , 𝑉
𝑐𝑚3 , of this cylinder is given by the formula 𝑉 = 300𝜋𝑟 − 𝜋𝑟 3 , where 𝑟 cm is the
radius of the cylinder . Find the maximum volume of such a cylinder.
c) Two numbers 𝑥 and 𝑦 are connected by the relation 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6. Find the values of 𝑥
and 𝑦
which give a stationary point of the function 𝑇 = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 and determine whether
they make 𝑇 a maximum or minimum.

22. a) 𝑦 = (2𝑟 − 𝑟 + 1)2 and 𝑥 = 4𝑟. At what rate is 𝑦 changing with respect to 𝑥 when
𝑟 = 0.5 ?
 b) A closed cylinder is of fixed length 10 cm but its radius is increasing at the rate of
1.5cm𝑠 −1 . Find the rate of increase of its total surface area when the radius is 4cm.

(Leave the answer in terms of 𝜋).

d) Show that the rectangle that has maximum area for a given perimeter is a square.

23 A large tank in the shape of a cubiod is to be made from 54𝑚2 of sheet metal .
The tank has a base and no top. T he height of the tank is x meters. Two of the
opposite vertical faces are squres
2
a) Show that the volume , V 𝑚2 of the tank is given by 𝑣 = 18𝑥 − 3 𝑥 3

a) Given that x varies , use differentiation to find the maximum or minimum value of
V.
b) Justify that the value of V you have found is a maximum or minimum

More Questions

1. Differentiate the function f x   sin1 x  32 x

2

2. Let f x   1  sin2 x  sin x be a function defined on the interval 0  x  2 .

(i) Find all the critical points of the function on 0  x  2 .
(ii) Find the tangent to the graph of the function at a point where x   .
3. Let f x   3x 4  6 x 2 be a function.
(i) Determine the intervals where the function is increasing and where it is
decreasing.
(ii) Use the second derivative test to determine and classify the extreme points of the
function.
(iii) Hence sketch the graph of the function.
4. Find the equation of the normal to the curve of y 2  xy  8  0 at the point of
intersection with the line y  x .

dy
5. Find given that
dx

(i) 
y  3x3  1 . 
3

(ii) y  tan x .

(iii) y  x 2 cos x .
 6. Evaluate the following limits

3 x
(i) lim .
x 3 2 x  5 x  3
2

3x 2  2 x  1
(ii) lim .
x  5  8x2

7 Evaluate the following limits

x3  2 2 x2  5x  2
(a)
x2

lim 2 x 2  x  7  (b) lim
t  3
(c) lim
x  2 x 2  9 x  14
x
x4 cos 2 x tan 5 x
(d) lim (e) lim (f) lim
x4 x 2 x  0 cos x x 0 x

8 Determine the following limits

x x2 x
(a) lim 2 (b) lim (c) lim
x 0 3x  2 x x 0 2  x 2 x 0 5x  2 x2
3

x x3 3x3  2 x
(d) lim 3 (e) lim 2 (f) lim
x x  x2 x  2 x  x x  4  2 x 2  7 x3

3  2  x  5 x
(g) lim
x  2  4 x

 x 2 if 0  x  1
9. (a) Let f ( x)  
 2  x if 1  x  3
(i) Is the function continuous at x = 1?
(ii) Find lim f ( x)
x 2

(iii) Sketch the graph of f (x )

x
(b) Let f ( x)  . Determine giving reasons whether or not the function is
x
continuous at x = 0.
(c) Let f ( x)  x where x denotes “the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
Find lim f ( x)
x 3

10. Find the limit of the following quotients as h  0

(a)
 x  h  x2
2

(b)
xh  x
h h
sin( x  h)  sin x
(c)
h
 11. Differentiate the following functions from the first principal:
1
(a) f ( x)  x 3 (b) f ( x)  (c) f ( x)  cos x
x

12. Differentiate the following functions:

(a) y  3x 7 (b) y  5 x 3  7 x 4  3x 1 (c) 
y  x2  1 3

sin x
(d) y  3 sin x  5 cos x (e) y  5 sin3 x (f) y
1  cos x
1
y  e3 x  ln 2 x y  3x 2  x (i) y  a x  cos 
2
(g) (h)
 x

13 (a) Find f (0) if f ( x)  xex cos x

(b) Find f (1) if f ( x)  x  1sinx  1  x 2e3 x
(c) Verify that the functions;
x2  1 x
f ( x)  2 and g ( x)  2
x  x 1 x  x 1
Have the same derivative.

14. (a) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y  x 3 at the point 2,8
(b) Let f ( x)  4 x  1 . Find the coordinates of P such that the tangent line at P the
graph passes through 0,0 .
15. Let h( x)  x3  4 x 2  18x . Find the coordinates of a point P ( p, h( p )) such that the tangent
line at P to the graph of h(x) passes through the origin

16. Find f 3 given that f x   lnx3  3x 

17. Find the derivative of f ( x)  tan 1 x

18. i) Find the equation of the tangent and the equation of the normal to
the graph of the function f ( x)  x  at the point P1 , 2 .
1
x

dy
(ii) Find given that x 2 y  y 2  x  2
dx

19. Find the derivative of each function below

(a) g ( x )  sin x (b) f ( x)  x 2 tan x

 sin x 1 x
(c) f ( x)  (d) h( x ) 
x  cos x 1  x2
5
1  z 2
(e)
2

g (t )  t  1 t 2  3t 2
(f) f ( z)   
1 z 

dy
20. Use implicit differentiation to find of each function below
dx
(a) 3x 2  4 y 2  7 (b) x x  y   y 2
(c) 3x  7 y  4 xy  8 x  0
2 2
(d) y  sin 1 x (e) y  tan 1 x

dy
21. Find for each of the following
dx

(a) y  23 x (b) y  a  x  x5 (c) 

y  log3 7 x3  2x  1
 x3  2 
(d) y  ln 
5 
 x  3 
22. (a) In a group project in learning theory, a mathematical model for the proportion P of
correct responses after n trials was found to be

0.83
P .
1  e  0.2 n
Find the rate at which P is changing after n = 3 trials and n = 10 trials.

(b) If the annual rate of inflation averages 5% over the next 10 years, the approximate
cost C of goods or services during any year in that decade is
C (t )  P 1.05 
t

where t is the time in years and P is the present cost.

(i) If the price of an oil change for your car is presently $24.95,
estimate the price 10 years from now.
(ii) Find the rate of change of C with respect to t when t = 1 and t = 8.
(iii) Verify that the rate of change of C is proportional to C and find the
constant of proportionality.
(c) The number of units N, of electricity used by a household after t months is given
by N  301  e kt  where k is a constant.
(i) Find N as a function of t if 270 units were used by the household at the
end of one month.
(ii) Find the exact value of the number of units used by the household at the
end of three months. ( Do not leave your answer in exponential form)

23. Differentiate
(i) f ( x)  cosh3 2 x (ii) f ( x)  x 2 tanh 2 2 x
 (iii) f ( x)  e x sinh x (iv) f ( x)  ecosh x

24(a) Find the equation of the tangent and the normal line to the graph of the given
function at the indicated point
f ( x)  x  at 1 , 2 
1
(i) f ( x)  x at (1 , 1) (ii)
x
(b) Find the equation of the tangent to each curve below at its point of inflection
1
f ( x)  x 2  x 3 f ( x)  x  2x  2
3
(i) (ii)
6

25 (a) Find all the critical points of the function

5  3x  x 2 f ( x )   x  1  x  3
2 3
(i) (ii)
f ( x)  x 2  9
2 ax
(iii) (iv) f ( x)  2 ,a0
x  a2
(iv) f ( x)  sin2 x  cos x , 0  x  2

(b) Determine the constants a and b so that the function f ( x)  x3  ax2  bx  c will
have a relative maximum at x  1 and a relative minimum at x = 3

(c) On a given day, the flow rate F ( cars per hour ) on a congested roadway is
v
F , where v is the speed of traffic in kilometers per hour. What
22  0.02v 2
speed will maximize the flow rate on the road?.