MATHEMATICS NOTES TERM 1

BODMAS: Brackets, Other (exponents and roots), Division and Multiplication, Addition and
subtraction (Left to right)
Any calculations above or below a division line must be done first before you divide
EXPONENTS: 4 2 The exponent (2) shows how many times the 4 must multiply with itself.
2 2
4 = 4 x 4 = 16 4 is Exponential form and 4 x 4 is Expanded notation
When the exponent is 2, we say square and if it’s 3 – cube. The rest is “to the power of”
Squared numbers: 1 x 1 = 1, 2 x 2 = 4, 3 x 3 = 9, 4 x 4 = 16, 5 x 5 = 25, etc. 36, 49, 64, …
Cubed numbers: 1 x 1 x 1 = 1, 2 x 2 x 2 = 8, 3 x 3 x 3 = 27, 64, 125, …
ROOTS: √ 16 = 4 because 4 x 4 = 16 √3 64 = 4 because 4 x 4 x 4 = 64
PRIME FACTORS: The prime factors are the prime numbers which are factors of the number.
It’s calculated with the table: 2 60 You always use only prime numbers
2 30 Start with 2 and if 2 cannot divide, use 3
3 15 Then 5, 7, 11, 13
5 5
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The PRODUCT OF THE PRIME FACTORS is: 2 X 2 X 3 X 5 OR 22 X 3 X 5
HCF (HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR): Focus is on FACTOR (A number that can divide into the
given number without a remainder)
You use the prime factors to determine the HCF. It’s the factors which the 2 numbers SHARE
60: 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 40: 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 They share 2 x 2 x 5, so the HCF = 20
LCM (LOWEST COMMON MULTIPLE): Focus is on MULTIPLE (Multiply)
You use the maximum of each prime factor. The 3 2’s cancel the 2, one 3 and they share a 5
60: 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 40: 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 LCM: 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 = 120

RATIO: Comparing values of the SAME units. You must look at the order in which the
information is given.
Example 1:
I have 4 blue balloons and 3 red balloons. What is the ratio of red to blue balloons?
3 : 4, Because red was mentioned first, I must write the red’s value first.
Example 2:
Divide 30 in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3(Add your ratios) ( 1 + 2 + 3 = 6) Now write each number
1 30 2 30 3 30
as a fraction x by the amount ÷ 1. x =5 x = 10 x = 15 (5+
6 1 6 1 6 1
10 + 15 = 30)
RATE: Comparing values with DIFFERENT units.
If I walk 10km / hour, then I would walk 30km in 3 hours (x3) Whatever I do to the 1 unit, I
must do to the other.
If I want to reach my destination quicker, I must walk faster, so if I want to get there in half an
hour, I must double my speed. I’ll have to walk at 20km / hour.

MEASUREMENT:
RAY: (Beginning – no end) LINE: (No beginning – no end)
LINE SEGMENT: (Piece of a line)
ANGLES: Formed by 2 arms (rays). You use 3 letters to label it. B is the VERTEX.
A
B C
ASCENDING means from smallest to biggest
DESCENDING means from biggest to smallest
RIGHT ANGLE (90°)
OBTUSE ANGLE ACUTE ANGLE (Smaller than 90°)
Bigger than 90°, Smaller than 180°

STRAIGHT ANGLE (180°) REVOLUTION (360°)

REFLEX ANGLE (Bigger than 180°, smaller than 360°)
ADJACENT: Angles which are next to each other. They share a vertex and a side. They do
NOT overlap.
COMPLIMENTARY ANGLES: 2 angles which add to 90°
SUPPLIMENTARY ANGLES: 2 angles which add to 180°
ANGLES ON A STRAIGHT LINE = 180°
EXAMPLE: All 3 angles are called Y which means they are equal.
Y Y Y They are on a straight line, so their sum = 180°
180
Y + Y + Y = 180°, so 3Y = 180°, so Y = = 60°
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TRIANGLES
SCALENE: All 3 sides are different
ISOSCELES: 2 sides and 2 angles are the same
EQUALATERAL: All 3 sides are the same and all 3 angles are equal to 60°
THE SUM OF THE ANGLES OF A TRIANGLE ALWAYS EQUAL 180°