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GEOKIMIA 1) Siklus Geokimia

2) Kesetimbangan
Dr. Okki Verdiansyah

Semester Genap 2023/2024

Pertemuan ke - 3

Kuliah Geokimia ITNY – O. verdiansyah - 2024

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Kuliah Kimia Fisika

Teknik Geologi

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Mineral associations and phase

equilibrium
• Petrology, the scientific study of rocks, is concerned • A phase is a homogeneous substance that has a
largely with identifying individual minerals in rocks,
along with their abundance, grain size, and texture, fixed composition and uniform chemical and
because rocks typically consist of a variety of physical properties
minerals. Such information is essential to an
understanding of the history of any rock. • Only a mineral that displays no solid solution
• Petrological research requires a strong may therefore be considered a phase.
understanding of the principles of mineralogy and
mineral identification and a thorough familiarity with • A phase may exist as a solid, liquid, or gas: H2O,
the theoretical and experimental studies of rock for example, occurs in the form of ice (solid),
origins. water (liquid), and steam (gas).
• The present section focuses on phase equilibrium,
upon which the link between the study of minerals
and the study of rocks is largely based.

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Example

• Quartz (SiO2), for example, is a low-

temperature phase in the Si-O2(SiO2)
system
• kyanite (Al2SiO5) is a high-pressure phase
in the Al2O3-SiO2(Al2SiO5) system
• when a mineral exhibits compositional
variation, as in the solid-solution series
between forsterite and fayalite.

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 Pressure generally corresponds to depth in Earth,

 temperature generally follows the geotherm, but may be
greater if magmatic heat is added, and
 composition can be anything we wish to consider.

We can only use two of these variables for axes of a phase

diagram,

the most common phase diagrams are

1) pressure-temperature (P-T) diagrams
2) temperature-composition (T-X) diagrams.

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Consider a rock containing

34% anorthite crystals and
66% quartz crystals

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