VIII Class Maths Techno Solutions (21 - 22)

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Techno - Solutions PART - II
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VIII - Mathematics
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1. ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY
AIM - 1
CHALLENGERS
Y
7
I. 1) (3, – 1) ∈Q4 2) (-2, -3) ∈Q3 6
Q2 5 (0,5)
(-4,3)
Q1
3) (2, 4) ∈Q1 4
3 (2,4)
2
4) (– 1, 0) is lies on – ve X - axis X1
1
(-1,0) (9,0)
O 1 2 6 7 8 9 X
5) (– 4, 3) ∈ Q2 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
-1
3 4 5
(-2,-3) -2 (0,-2) (3,-1)

6) (0, – 2) is lies on – ve Y - axis -3
-4
Q3 -5
Q4
7) (9, 0) is lies on + ve X - axis -6
-7
8) (0, 5) is lies on + ve Y - axis -8
Y1
⎛3 ⎞ ⎛ −1 ⎞
II. 1) (0, 0), (1, 0), ⎜⎝ ,0⎟⎠ , (2, 0), ⎜⎝ ,0⎟⎠ , (– 1, 0)
2 2
4
3
2
1
⎛3 ⎞
⎛ −1 ⎞ ,0
(-1,0) ⎝⎜ 2 , 0⎠⎟ (1,0) ⎝⎜ 2 ⎠⎟
(2,0)
0 (0, 0)1
X1 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 2 3 4 5 X
-1
-2
-3
-4
Y1
All the points lies on X - axis.

2. (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 3), (0, 3), (– 1, 3), (– 2, 3)
4
(-2,3) (-1,3) (1,3) (2,3) (3,3)
3
(0,3)
2
1
0
X1 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 X
-1
-2
-3
-4
Y1
The points form a straight line which is parallel to X - axis and 3 units far from it.
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Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd. 39
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VIII - Mathematics Techno - Solutions
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3. (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 0), (2, – 1)
4
3 (2,3)
2 (2,2)
1 (2,1)
(2,0)
0 1 2 3 4
X 1 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 5 X
-1 (2,-1)
-2
-3
-4
Y1
The points form a staright line which is parallel to Y - axis and 2 units far from it.
4. (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (0, 0), (– 1, – 1), (– 2, – 2)
4
3
(3,3)
2 (2,2)
1
(0,0) (1,1)
0
X1 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 X
(-1,-1) -1
(-2,-2) -2
-3
-4
Y1
The points form a straight line which is passing through origin.
CLASS ROOM PACKAGES
PEARL PACKAGE :
1) x < 0 and y > 0 ⇒ P(x, y) ⇒ (–, +) ⇒ Q2 2) φ 3) 4 4) 3

5) x > 0 and y < 0 ⇒ P(x,y) ⇒ (+, –) ⇒ Q4 6) (0,0)
EMERALD PACKAGE :
1) a < 0 ⇒ P(–a, –3) ⇒ (+, –) ⇒ Q4 2) b

3) x < 0 and y > 0 ⇒ P(–x, –y) ⇒ (+, –) ⇒ P(– x, y) ∈Q4 Ans : a,b, c
4) (x, y) ∈ Q3 ⇒ x < 0, y < 0 ⇒ (– x, – y) = (+, +) ∈Q1 Ans : b, c, d
5) a, b, c
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40 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.
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Techno - Solutions VIII - Mathematics
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AIM - 2
CHALLENGERS
( 2 − 3 ) + ( −3 − 2 ) = 1 + 25 = 26 ; BC = 2 2 + ( −3) = 13 ; AC =
2 2 2
1. AB = 32 + 22 = 13
AB2 = BC2 + AC2 and BC = AC ⇒ ΔABC is a right angled isosceles triangle
2. AB = (2 − 1)2 + (1 − 2)2 = 1 + 1 = 2 ; BC = ( −2 − 2)2 + ( 5 − 1)2 = 16 + 16 = 32 = 4 2
( −2, −1) + ( 5 − 2 ) = 9 + 9 = 18 = 3 2 ; BC = AB + AC ⇒ A, B, C are collinear

2 2
AC =
3. Let A (– 1, – 8); B (4, – 6); C (2, – 1); D (– 3, – 3); AB = (4 + 1)2 + (−6 + 8)2 = 25 + 4 = 29
BC = ( 2 − 4 ) 2 + ( −1 + 6 ) 2 = 4 + 25 = 29 ; CD = (−3 − 2)2 + (−3 + 1)2 = 25 + 4 = 29
DA = (−1 + 3)2 + (−8 + 3)2 = 4 + 25 = 29 ; AC = (2 + 1)2 + ( −1 + 8)2 = 9 + 49 = 58
BD = ( −3 − 4 ) 2 + ( −3 + 6 ) 2 = 49 + 9 = 58
∴ AB = BC = CD = DA and AC = BD ⇒ A, B, C, D form a square
( 7 − 3) + ( 2 − 2 ) ( 7 − 7) + (5 − 2 )
2 2 2 2
4. AB = = 16 + 0 = 4 ; BC = = 9=3
( 7 − 3) + ( 5 − 2 )
2 2
AC = = 16 + 9 = 5 ;
Perimeter of ΔABC = AB + BC + CA = 4 + 3 + 5 = 12 units
1 + x 2 = 10 ⇒ 1 + x = 10 ⇒ x = 9 ⇒ x = ±3
2 2
5.
6. PQ = QR ⇒ PQ2 = QR2 ⇒ (1 – 6)2 + (3 + 1)2 = (x – 1)2 + (8 – 3)2 ⇒ (x – 1)2 + 25 = 41
⇒ (x – 1)2 = 16 ⇒ x – 1 = ± 4 ⇒ x = 5 (or) x = – 3
( −2 ) ( )
2 2
( 3 + 3) + ( 2 + 2 ) = 36 + 16 = 52 ; BC = 3 −3 + 3 3 −2 = 52
2 2
7. AB =
( −2 ) ( )
2 2
CA = 3 −3 + 3 3−2 = 52 ; AB = BC = CA ⇒ Δ ABC is an equilateral triangle.
Let A (–3, 1); B (–6, –7); C (3, –9); D (6, –1) ; AB = -6 + 3 +-7 -1 = 9 + 64 = 73
2 2
8.
( 3 + 6 ) + ( −9 + 7 ) = 81 + 4 = 85 ; CD = 6 - 3 + -1 + 9 = 9 + 64 = 73
2 2 2 2
BC =
(6 + 3) + ( −1 − 1)
2 2
AD = = 81 + 4 = 85 ; AC= (3+3)2 +(-9-1)2 = 36+100 = 136
BD = (6 + 6) 2 + (-1 + 7)2 = 144 + 36 = 180

and diagonal AC ¹ BD ⇒ A,B,C,D form a parallelogram
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( −7 − 8 ) + ( 4 − 9 )
2 2
9. i) AB = = 225 + 25 = 250 = 5 10 units
-4 + 32 =
2
ii) AB = 16 + 9 = 25 = 5 units
2 2
⎛ 3 1 ⎞ ⎛ −1 3 ⎞
iii) AB = ⎜⎝ − ⎟⎠ + ⎜⎝ − ⎟⎠ = 1 + 4 = 5 units
2 2 2 2
CLASS ROOM PACKAGES
PEARL PACKAGE :
1. Given points A(0, 0), B(1, 0) and C(0, 1)
AB = (0 − 1)2 + (0 − 0)2 = 1 =1 BC = (1 − 0)2 + (0 − 1)2 = 1+1 = 2
CA = (0 − 0)2 + (0 − 1)2 = 1 = 1 ; Perimeter = AB + BC + CA = 1 + 2+1=2+ 2
2. The distance between origin and ( tan α ,1) = 12 + tan 2 α = sec 2 α = sec α
(q − p ) + ( − p + q ) = 2 ( p − q)
2 2
3. The distance between (p, – q) and (q, –p) =
4. Given points A(– 1, 0), B(0, – 1), C(1, 0) and D(0, 1)
AB = ( −1 − 0 )2 + (0 + 1)2 = 2 BC = (0 − 1)2 + ( −1 − 0 )2 = 2
CD = (1 − 0)2 + ( 0 − 1)2 = 2 DA = ( −1 − 0)2 + (0 − 1)2 = 2
AC = ( −1 − 1) + ( 0 − 0 ) = 2 = 2 BD = ( 0 − 0) + ( −1 − 1) = 2 = 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
Here AB = BC = CD = DA and AC = BD ∴ ABCD is a square

5. The distance between ( a sin 60°,0 ) and ( 0, a cos 30°) = (0 − a sin 60°)2 + ( a cos 30° − 0)2
2 2
⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 3⎞ 3 2 3 2 ⎛ 3⎞ 3
= ⎜ − a. ⎟ + ⎜ a ⎟ = a + a = 2 ⎜ ⎟ a2 = a.
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 4 4 ⎝ 4⎠ 2
6. Given points are A(0, 0), B(3, 0) and C(0, 4)

AB = 32 + 02 = 3 BC = 32 + 42 = 25 = 5 CA = 02 + 42 = 4
∴ΔABC is a right angled triangle.
7. Given points A(0, – 1), B(– 2, 0) and C(– 1, 3)
AB = ( 0 + 2 ) 2 + ( −1 − 0 ) 2 = 4 +1 = 5 BC = ( −2 + 1)2 + (0 − 3)2 = 1 + 9 = 10
CA = (0 + 1)2 + ( −1 − 3)2 = 1 + 16 = 17 ; Here AB ≠ BC ≠ CA ⇒ ΔABC is a scalene triangle

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( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 )
2 2
8. Distance between the points (0, 3) and (–4, 0) is =5
9. x – 3y + 5 = 0 Ans : a, b
a) (1, 2) ⇒ 1 – 3(2) + 5 = 1 + 5 – 6 = 0 b) (– 2, 1) ⇒ – 2 – 3(1) + 5 = – 5 + 5 = 0
c) (0, 4) ⇒ 0 – 3(4) + 5 = 0 – 12 + 5 = – 7 d) (3, – 1) ⇒ 3 – 3(– 1) + 5 = 3 + 3 + 5 = 11
10. 3x + 2y = 7 Ans : a, d
a) (1, 2) ⇒ 3(1) + 2(2) = 3 + 4 = 7 b) (– 2, 1) ⇒ 3(– 2) + 2(1) = – 6 + 2 = – 4
c) (0, 4) ⇒ 3(0) + 2(4) = 0 + 8 = 8 d) (3, – 1) ⇒ 3(3) + 2(– 1) = 9 – 2 = 7
11. 3x – 2y + 8 = 0 Ans : b, c
a) (1, 2) ⇒ 3(1) – 2(2) + 8 = 3 – 4 + 8 = 7 b) (– 2, 1) ⇒ 3(– 2) – 2(1) + 8 = – 6 – 2 + 8 = 0
c) (0, 4) ⇒ 3(0) – 2(4) + 8 = 0 – 8 + 8 = 0 d) (3, – 1) ⇒ 3(3) – 2(– 1) + 8 = 9 + 2 + 8 = 19
12. 2x + 5y – 1 = 0 Ans : b,d
a) (1, 2) ⇒ 2(1) + 5(2) – 1 = 2 + 10 – 1 = 11 b) (– 2, 1) ⇒ 2(– 2) + 5(1) – 1 = – 4 + 5 – 1 =
0
c) (0, 4) ⇒ 2(0) + 5(4) – 1 = 0 + 20 – 1 = 19 d) (3, – 1) ⇒ 2(3) + 5(– 1) – 1 = 6 – 5 – 1 = 0
EMERALD PACKAGE :
1. Given points A(k, 2), B(2, 3) and C(3, 4) are collinear
AB = ( k − 2)2 + (2 − 3)2 = ( k − 2 )2 + 1 BC = ( 2 − 3) 2 + ( 3 − 4 ) 2 = 1+1 = 2
CA = ( k − 3)2 + (2 − 4)2 = ( k − 3)2 + 4

A, B, C are collinear ⇒ AC = AB + BC ⇒ ( k − 3)2 + 4 = ( k − 2)2 + 1 + 2
⇒ (k – 3)2 + 4 = (k – 2)2 + 1 + 2 + 2 . 2 ( k − 2 )2 + 1
⇒ k2 + 9 – 6k + 4 = k2 + 4 – 4k + 3 + 2 2 k + 4 − 4k + 1
2
( )
⇒ – 2k + 13 – 7 = 2 2k 2 + 10 − 8k ⇒ – 2k + 6 = 2 2k 2 + 10 − 8k
( ) ⇒ k + 9 – 6k = 2k + 10 – 8k ⇒ k – 2k + 1 = 0
2
⇒ (– k + 3)2 = 2 k 2 + 10 − 8k 2 2 2
⇒ (k – 1)2 = 0 ⇒ k = 1 (or) By option verification,

If k = 1
AB = (1 − 2)2 + 1 = 2 BC = 2 AC = (1 − 3)2 + 4 = 4+4 = 8 =2 2

∴ AC = AB + BC ⇒ k = 1
AB = ( 2 − 5) 2 + ( 3 − 4 ) 2 = 9 + 1 = 10 BC = ( 5 − 6 ) 2 + ( 4 − 7) 2 = 1 + 9 = 10
CA = ( 2 − 6 ) + (3 − 7) = 16 + 16 = 32
2 2
AB = BC ≠ CA ; ∴ΔABC is an isosceles triangle.
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AB = ( 2 − 4 )2 + ( 4 − 2 )2 = 4+4 = 8 BC = ( 4 − 7)2 + (2 − 1)2 = 9 + 1 = 10
CA = (2 − 7)2 + ( 4 − 1)2 = 25 + 9 = 34 ; Here, AB ≠ BC ≠ CA ⇒ ΔABC is a scalene triangle.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
4. AB = ⎡ 3 + 1 − 3 −1 ⎤ + ⎡ 2 −1 − 2 +1 ⎤
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
2 2 + ( −2 ) = 4 + 4 = 8 = 2 2
2
=
a 2 + 2 2 = 13 ⇒ a + 4 = 13 ⇒ a = 9 ⇒ a = ± 3.
2 2
5.
6. AB = (cos θ + sin θ )2 + (sin θ − cos θ )2

= cos2 θ + sin2 θ + 2 sin θ .cosθ + sin 2 θ + cos2 θ − 2 sin θ cos θ = 1 + 1 = 2 .
7. (2, 0), (– 5, 0) and (a, 0) are always collinear, ∀a ∈ R .Because, given points lies on X - axis
Ans : a,b,c,d
8. Given points A(– 1, 5), B(– 2, 3), C(5, 7) and D(6, 9)
AB = ( −1 + 2 ) 2 + ( 5 − 3 ) 2 = 1+ 4 = 5 BC = ( −2 − 5)2 + (3 − 7)2 = 49 + 16 = 65
CD = ( 5 − 6 )2 + ( 7 − 9 )2 = 1+ 4 = 5 DA = ( −1 − 6 ) 2 + ( 5 − 9 ) 2 = 49 + 16 = 65
AC = ( −1 − 5 ) 2 + ( 5 − 7 ) 2 = 36 + 4 = 40 BD = ( −2 − 6 ) 2 + ( 3 − 9 ) 2 = 64 + 36 = 100
Here, AB = CD; BC = DA and AC ≠ BD;
∴ ABCD is a parallelogram& Trapezium (3 every parallelogram is a trapezium) Ans : c, d
9. Let given points A(–1, 0), BC(1,0), C(1, 3) and D(–1, 3) Ans : a,c,d
AB = ( −1 − 1)2 + (0 − 0 )2 = 22 = 2 BC = (1 − 1)2 + (0 − 3)2 = 9 =3
CD = (1 + 1)2 + (3 − 3)2 = 22 = 2 DA = ( −1 + 1)2 + (0 − 3)2 = 9 =3
AC = ( −1 − 1)2 + (0 − 3)2 = 4 + 9 = 13 BD = (1 + 1)2 + (0 − 3)2 = 4 + 9 = 13

Here AB = CD; BC = DA and AC = BD;
∴ ABCD is a rectangle, a parallelogram & a trapezium.
DIAMOND PACKAGE :
1. Lengh of AB = 10 ; one end = (2, –3); abscissa of other end = 10
Let ordinate be = x ⇒ (10 − 2 ) + ( x + 3) = 10 ⇒ x = 3 (or) – 9

2 2
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2. Given Parts A(2, 4), B(2, 6) and C( 2 + 3 , 5)
(2 − 2 − 3 ) + (6 − 5) = 3 + 1 = 2
2
( 2 − 2 )2 + ( 4 − 6 )2
2
AB = = 0+4 =2 BC =
(2 − 2 − 3 ) + ( 4 − 5) = 3 + 1 = 2
2 2
CA = Here AB = BC = CA; ΔABC is an equilateral triangle.
3. Statement (A) : True

Given points A(k – 1, k + 2), B(k, k + 1) and C(k + 1, k)
AB = ( k − 1 − k )2 + ( k + 2 − k − 1)2 = 1+1 = 2 BC =
( k − k − 1)2 + ( k + 1 − k )2 = 1+1 = 2
CA = ( k − 1 − k − 1)2 + ( k + 2 − k )2 = 4 + 4 = 8 = 2 2 ⇒ AB + BC = CA ⇒ A,B,C are

collinear.
Statement (B) : True
4. Statement (A) : True; Let given points A(1, 1), B(4, 1) and C(1, 5)
AB = (1 − 4 )2 + (1 − 1) = 9 =3 BC = ( 4 − 1)2 + (1 − 5) = 9 + 16 = 5
CA = (1 − 1)2 + (1 − 5)2 = 0 + 16 = 4 ; Here AC2 = AB2 + BC2 ⇒ ΔABC is a right angled triangle.
Statement (B) : False; Let given points A(4, 5), B(7, 6) and C(8, 9)
AB = ( 4 − 7) 2 + ( 5 − 6 ) = 9 + 1 = 10 BC = ( 7 − 8) 2 + ( 6 − 9) = 1 + 9 = 10
CA = ( 4 − 8) 2 + ( 5 − 9 ) 2 = 16 + 16 = 32 ; ⇒ AB = BC ≠ CA ⇒ ΔABC is not a scalene triangle.
AIM - 3
CHALLENGERS
1. P (x, y) divides the line A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) in the ratio x1 – x : x – x2 = 4 – 1 : 1 – (–2) = 1 : 1
2. A (–3, a), B (1, a + 4) ; Mid point of AB = ⎛⎜ −3 + 1 , 2 a + 4 ⎞⎟ = ( −1, 1)

⎝ 2 2 ⎠
⎛ −2 2 a + 4 ⎞
⇒ ⎜⎝ , ⎟ = ( −1,1) ⇒ (–1. a + 2) = (–1, 1) ⇒ a + 2 = 1 ⇒ a = 1 – 2 = – 1
2 2 ⎠
(4, 0)
3. Let D (x1, y1), E (x2, y2), F (x3, y3) are the mid points of BC, AC, AB A
⇒ A = (x2 + x3 – x1, y2 + y3 – y1) = (4, 0); B = (x1 + x3 – x2, y1 + y3 – y2) = (2, 8) (3, 4) F E(2, -3)
æ1+ 2 +3 1-3 + 4 ö÷ æ 2ö÷ B C

C = (1 + 2 – 3, 1 – 3 – 4) = (0, –6); centroid = çç ç , ç
÷÷ =çç ÷÷
2, (2, 8) D (0, -6)
è 3 3 ø è 3ø (1, 1)
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4. a) X - axis divides the line segment AB in the ratio – 2 : 3 (– y1 : y2)

b) Y - axis divdes the line segments AB in the ratio 3 : 4 (– x1 : x2)
5. A (x1, y1) = (0, –3) ; B (x2, y2) = (7, 1), ratio m : n = 2 : 3
⎛ mx2 + nx1 my2 + ny1 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ( 7) + 3 ( 0 ) 2 (1) + 3 ( −3) ⎞ ⎛ 14 −7 ⎞

Internal point = ⎜⎝ , ⎟⎠ = ⎜⎝ , ⎟⎠ = ⎜⎝ , ⎟⎠
m+n m+n 5 5 5 5
⎛ 2 ( 7) − 3 ( 0 ) 2 (1) − 3 ( −3) ⎞ ⎛ 14 11 ⎞
External point = ⎜ 2 − 3 ,
⎝ 2 −3 ⎟⎠ = ⎜⎝ −1 , −1 ⎟⎠ = ( −14, −11)
CLASS ROOM PACKAGES
PEARL PACKAGE :
1. Given points are A(p, q), B(q, 1) and C(1, p) ; centroid = (0, 0)
⎛ p + q + 1 q + 1+ p⎞
⇒ ⎜⎝ , ⎟ = ( 0,0) ⇒ p + q + 1 = 0 ⇒ p + q = – 1 ⇒ (p – q)3 = (– 1)3
3 3 ⎠
⇒ p3 + q3 + 3pq(p + q) = – 1 ⇒ p3 + q3 3pq(– 1) = – 1 ⇒ p3 + q3 – 3pq = – 1

2. X - axis divides given points in the ratio of –y1 : y2 = 3 : 6 = 1 : 2
⎡ x1 + x 2 + x3 y1 + y2 + y3 ⎤ ⎡ 0 + 2 + 7 0 + 5 + 4 ⎤
3. ⎢⎣ 3
,
3 ⎥⎦ = ⎢⎣ 3
,
3 ⎥⎦ = (3, 3) ⇒ Centroid = (3, 3)
⎛ x + 2 8⎞
The mid point of (x, 5), (2, 3) is (4, 4) ⇒ ⎜⎝ , = (4, 4) ⇒ x = 6
2 2 ⎟⎠
4.
P
(3, 2)
U T (2, -1)
5. P = (3 + 2 – 1, 2 – 1 + 1) = (4, 2)
Q R
S
6. Q = (3 + 1 – 2, 2 – 1 + 1) = (2, 2) (1, -1)
7. R = (2 + 1 – 3, – 1 – 1– 2) = (0, – 4)
8. Given vertices of triangle ABC are A(a, 0), B(0, b) and C(a, b).
⎛ a + 0 + a 0 + b + b ⎞ ⎛ 2a 2b ⎞
Centroid = ⎜⎝ , ,
3 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 3 3 ⎟⎠
=
3
⎛ a + 0 0 + b⎞ ⎛ a b⎞
The mid point of A(a,0) & B(0, b) = ⎜⎝ , = ,
2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠
9.
2
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⎛ 0 + a b + b⎞ ⎛ a ⎞
The mid point of B(0, b) & C(0, b) = ⎜⎝ , = ,b
2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
10.
2
⎛ a + a 0 + b⎞ ⎛ b⎞
The mid point of A(a, 0) & C(0, b) = ⎜⎝ , = a,
2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
11.
2
EMERALD PACKAGE :
⎛ 4 − 9 + x −3 + 7 + y ⎞
1. Let third vertex = (x, y) ⇒ ⎜⎝ , ⎟⎠ = (1, 4 ) ⇒ (x, y) = (8, 8)
3 3
2. The point (8, 4) divides the line (5, –2), (9, 6) in ratio = x1 – x : x – x2 = – 3 : –1 = 3 : 1
⎛ a − 1 + a − 2 + a + 3 b + 1 + b + 2 + b − 3 ⎞ ⎛ 3 a 3b ⎞
3. Statement (A) : True; Centroid = ⎜⎝ , ⎟⎠ = ⎜⎝ 3 , 3 ⎟⎠ = (a, b)
3 3
Statement (B) : True; Centroid is always lies inside the triangle.
DIAMOND PACKAGE :
⎡ mx2 + nx1 my2 + ny1 ⎤

1. ⎢⎣ m + n , m + n ⎥⎦ ; m = 1, n = 5 on simplification C = (3, 4)
2. (x1, y1) = (–2, 11) ; (x2, y2) = (–5, 2); Let P divides AB in ratio 1 : 2 and Q divides in ratio 2 : 1
⎡ − 5 − 4 2 + 22 ⎤ ⎡ −10 − 2 4 + 11 ⎤
Coordinates of P = ⎢ Q=⎢ ,
3 ⎥⎦
, = (–3, 8); Coordinates of = (–4, 5)
⎣ 3 3 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 3
⎡ ( m )( −7) + n ( 3) ( m )( 2) + n ( −5) ⎤ ⎡ 1 −13 ⎤ −7m + 3n 1

3. ⎢ , ⎥=⎢ , ⎥ ⇒ = ⇒ –14m + 6n = m + n
⎣ m + n m + n ⎦ ⎣ 2 4 ⎦ m+n 2
m 1
⇒ –15m = – 5n ⇒ = ⇒ m : n = 1 : 3 internally
n 3
4. Let A(x, y) be the other end of the diameter. Centre (mid point) = (2, – 3)
⎛1+ x 4 + y⎞ 1+ x 4+ y
⇒⎜ , ⎟ = (2, – 3) ⇒ = 2 and = – 3 ⇒ 1 + x = 4 and 4 + y = – 6
⎝ 2 2 ⎠ 2 2
⇒ x = 3 and y = – 10 ⇒ A(x, y) = (3, – 10)
⎛ 6 + 2 8 + 4 ⎞ ⎛ 8 12 ⎞
Mid point of (6, 8) and (2, 4) is ⎜⎝ , = ,
2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠
5. = (4, 6)
2
The distance of the point (1, 2) from (4, 6) = (1 − 4 )2 + (2 − 6)2 = 9 + 16 = 5 units
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⎛5 ⎞
6. Given points A(3, – 4) & B(1, 2); The points of trisection are P(p, – 2) & Q ⎜⎝ , q⎟⎠
3
⎛ 1(1) + 2 (3) 1( 2) + 2 ( −4) ⎞ ⎛7 ⎞

The point which divides AB in 1 : 2 ratio P = ⎜ 1 + 2 , ⎟ ⇒ (p, – 2) = ⎜ , −2⎟
⎝ 1+ 2 ⎠ ⎝3 ⎠
7
⇒ p= .
3
⎛ 2 (1) + (3) 2 ( 2) − 2 ⎞ ⎛ 5 ⎞ ⎛ 5 ⎞
The point which divides AB in the ratio 2 : 1, Q= ⎜ 2 + 1 , 2 + 1 ⎟ ⇒ ⎜⎝ 3 , q⎟⎠ = ⎜⎝ 3 ,0⎟⎠ ⇒ q = 0
⎝ ⎠
7
∴p = &q = 0
3
AIM - 4
CHALLENGERS
3x 7 14 7
1. i) = 0 Þ 3x × 4 – 2 × 7 = 0 Þ 12x – 14 = 0 Þ 12x = 14 Þ x = =
2 4 12 6
2
4 1 3 2 x 3
ii) = − Þ (4– 2)2 = (3x – 2) –(x + 6) Þ (2)2 =3x – 2 – x – 6 Þ 2x –8 = 4 Þ x
2 1 1 x −2 1
=6
x y x 3
2. = 2 and = 1 Þ x – y = 2 –––– (1) &2x – 3y = 1 –––– (2) Þ x = 5, y = 3
1 1 y 2
æ p ö cos30° cos30° 3 − 3
f çç ÷÷÷ = 1
3. çè 6 ø 2 sin 30° sin 30° = cos30 sin30 – 2sin30 cos30 = – sin30 cos30 = − 2 × 2 = 4
4. D1 ´D2 = a 2 + b 2 c 2 + d 2 ; (ac – bd)2 + (ad + bc)2 = a2c2 + b2d2 – 2abcd + a2d2 + b2c2 + 2abcd
= a2c2 + b2c2 + a2d2 + b2d2 = c2(a2 + b2) + d2(a2 + b2) = (a2 + b2) (c2 + d2)
5. i) a(bc – f2) –h(hc – gf) +g (hf – bg) = abc – af2 – ch2 + hgf + hgf – bg2
= abc + 2fgh – af2 – bg2 – ch2
ii) a(bc – a2) – b(b2 – ac) + c(ab – c2) = abc – a3 – b3 + abc + abc – c3
= 3abc – a3 – b3 – c3
iii) 1(–6 –28) –2(24 – 14) +3(16 + 2) = 1(–34) –2(10) + 3(18)
= –34 – 20 + 54 = –54 + 54 = 0
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CLASS ROOM PACKAGES
PEARL PACKAGE :
1. 6a – 30 = 0 Þ 6a = 30 Þ a = 5 2. 2 × 6 – 3 × 5 = 12 – 15 = – 3
3. (8 – 3)(2 – 2) = 0 4. 1 – sin2 q = cos2 q
5. 1 × 3 × 6 = 18
1 0 0
0 1 0 = 1(1 × 1 – 0) = 1; c) cos θ − sin θ
6. = cos2 θ + sin 2 θ = 1. Ans : a, c
0 0 1 sin θ cos θ
k+1 k+2
7. k = 3420 Þ = (k + 1)(k + 4) – (k + 3)(k + 2) = k2 + 5k + 4 – k2 – 5k – 6
k+3 k+4
i 1
= 4 – 6 = – 2 ; b) = i2 – 1 = – 1 – 1 = – 2.
1 i
EMERALD PACKAGE :
1. 2d – 4 + 20 = 4 Þ 2d + 16 = 4 Þ 2d = – 12 Þ d = – 6
1 2 3 1 1 1
4 5 6 2 2 2
2. = 2(0) = 0 (3 R1 = R3) 3. = 0 (3 C1 = C2 = C3)
2 4 6 3 3 3
1 2 4 1 2 4
1 3 9 0 1 5
4. ; R2 ® R2 – R1 & R3 ® R3 – R2 Þ = 1(7 – 5) – 0 + 0 = 2
1 4 16 0 1 7
70
5. 2 × 5 × l = 70 Þ l = =7 Þ l = 7 6. b, c 7. a, d 8. a, d 9. b, c
10
DIAMOND PACKAGE :
1. 4 – 6 = 2x + 2 Þ – 2 = 2x + 2 Þ – 4 = 2x Þ x = – 2
2. (cos = + isin = )(sin = + i cos = ) – (cos b + isin b )(sin b + i cos b )

= cos = .sin = + icos2 = + isin2 = + i2 sin = . cos = – [cos b . sin b + icos2 b + isin2 b + i2
sin b cos b ]
= cos = .sin = + i(cos2 = + sin2 = ) – sin = .cos = – [cos b . sin b + i(cos2 b + sin2 b )–sin b .cos b ]
=0
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3 x 5
9 -1 4
3. = 230 Þ 3(5 – 12) – x(– 45 – 4x) + 5(27 + x) = 230 Þ 4x2 + 50x = 230 – 114
x 3 -5
Þ 4x2 + 50x = 116 Þ 2x2 + 25x = 58 Þ 2x2 + 25x – 58 = 0 Þ x = 2
1 x 2x 1 x 2x
4. In 1 3 x 5 x = 0 ; R2 ® R2 – R1 & R3 ® R3 – R1 Þ 0 2 x 3x = 0
1 3 4 0 3- x 4 - 2x
Þ x(x + 1) = 0 Þ x ¹ 0, x + 1 = 0 Þ x = – 1
AIM - 5
CHALLENGERS
1 x1 x2 x3 x1
1. The area of the triangle formed by the points A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2), C(x3, y3) = sq. units
2 y1 y2 y3 y1
11 3 −2 1 1 1 22
= = ( −4 − 6) + ( 0 − 8 ) + ( −4 − 0 ) = −10 − 8 − 4 = = 11 sq. units
2 2 −4 0 2 2 2 2
1k 3 5 k 1
2. Δ= = 10 ⇒ ( 4 k − 0 ) + ( −6 − 20 ) + ( 0 + 2k ) = 10 ⇒ 4 k − 26 + 2 k = 20
2 0 4 −2 0 2
46 23
⇒ 6k – 26 = ± 20 ⇒ k = (or) k = 1 ⇒ k = (or) k = 1
6 3
1 2 8 −1 2
3. The area of triangle formed by (2, 3), (8, 11) and (–1, –1) =
2 3 11 −1 3
1 1 1
= ( 22 − 24 ) + ( −8 + 11) + ( −3 + 2) = −2 + 3 − 1 = ( 0) = 0 sq.units ⇒ Given points are colliner.
2 2 2
1 9 2 0 9 1
4. The area of Δ formed by mid points of sides = = ( 36 + 14) + 0 + 0 = 25 sq. units
2 −7 4 0 −7 2
∴ Area of the triangle = 4 (area of Δ le formed by the mid points) = 4 × 25 = 100 sq.units
5. The area of the quadrilateral formed by A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2), C (x3, y3), D (x4, y4)
1 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1
= sq units
2 y1 y2 y3 y4 y1
1 1 0 −1 0 1
Let A (1, 0), B (0, 1), C (–1, 0), D (0, –1) ; area of quadrilateral =
2 0 1 0 −1 0
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1 1 4
= (1 − 0 ) + ( 0 + 1) + (1 − 0 ) + ( 0 + 1) = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = = 2 sq.units
2 2 2
1 -1 4 7 2 -1
6. The fourth vertex D = (–1 + 7 – 4, 2 + 16 – 1) = (2, 17); Area =
2 2 1 16 17 2
1 1 1
= ( −1 − 8) + (64 − 7) + (119 − 32) + ( 4 + 17) = −9 + 57 + 87 + 21 = 156 = 78sq.units
2 2 2
CLASS ROOM PACKAGES
PEARL PACKAGE :
1 1 15
1. x1 y2 − x 2 y1 = 15 = sq. units.
2 2 2
1 1
2. The area of Δ PQR = Ar ( Δ ABC ) = (20)sq. units = 5 sq units.
4 4
EMERALD PACKAGE :
1. Fourth vertex = (a + b + a – b – 2a – b, a – b + a + b – 2a + b) = (–b, b)
1 −3 10 3 183
2. The area of Δ ABC = 3 (Area of ΔGAB ) = 3. = ( 61) = sq.units
2 7 −3 2 2
3. The area of Δ ABC = 4 (1) = 4 sq. units

4. Statement - A : Area of Δ le = 0 (False)
Statement - B : Area of Δ ABC = 3 (Area of Δ AGB ) = 3 (20) = 60 sq.units.(True)
5. The points (a, 0), (0, b) and (1, 1) are collinear ⇒ Area = 0
1 a a −1
⇒ = 0 ⇒ – a + ab – b = 0
2 − b −1
a b 1 1
⇒ ab = a + b ⇒ + = 1 ⇒ + = 1(a, b, d)
ab ab a b
6. The points (k, 2 – 2k), (– k + 1, 2k) and (– 4 – k, 6 – 2k) are collinear ⇒ Area = 0.
k + k −1 k +4+k 2k − 1 2k + 4
⇒ =0 ⇒ = 0 ⇒ – 8k + 4 – (2 – 4k)(2k + 4) = 0
2 − 2 k − 2 k 2 − 2 k − 6 + 2k 2 − 4k −4
⇒ – 8k + 4 – 4k – 8 + 8k2 + 16k = 0 ⇒ 8k2 + 4k – 4 = 0 ⇒ 2k2 _ 2k – k – 1 = 0
1
⇒ 2k(k + 1) – 1(k + 1) = 0 ⇒ (k + 1)(2k – 1) = 0 ⇒ k + 1 = 0 (or) 2k – 1 = 0 ⇒ k = – 1 (or) k = .
2
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DIAMOND PACKAGE :
1. Let A(– 2, 2), B(1, 0), C(x, 0) and D(1, y) forms a parallelogram. In a parallelogram, diagonals
bisect each other.
⎛ −2 + x 2 + 0 ⎞ ⎛ 1 + 1 0 + y ⎞ ⎛ −2 + x ⎞ ⎛ y ⎞
Mid point of AC = Mid point of BD ⇒ ⎜⎝ , ⎟
⎠
=⎜
⎝
, ⎟
⎠
⇒⎜
⎝ 2
,1⎟ = ⎜ 1, ⎟
⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
2 2 2 2
−2 + x y
⇒ = 1 and 1 = ⇒ – 2 + x = 2 and y = 2 ⇒ x = 4 and y = 2 ⇒ (x, y) = (4, 2)
2 2
t +2 t −3 4
2. =0 ⇒ t=
2t − 6 2t − 1 3
a −b a −c a−b a−c
3. Given points (a, b + c), (b, c + a), (c, a + b). Δ = =
( b + c ) − ( c + a ) ( b + c) − ( a + b ) b − a c − a
= (a – b)(c – a) – (b – a)(a – c) = ac – a2 – b + bc + ab – ab + bc + a2 – ac = 0.
4. Given points (a, 0), (at12, 2at1) and (at22, 2at2) are collinear. So, area = 0 ⇒ Δ = 0.
1 a − 2 a12 a − at22
=0 ⇒
(
a 1 − t12 ) a − at22
= 0 ⇒ a ( −2 a )
1 − t12 1 − t 22
=0
2 −2at1 −2at2 −2 at1 −2 at2 t1 t2
⇒ (1 – t12)t2 – t1(1 – t22) = 0 ⇒ t2 – t12.t2– t1 + t1.t22 = 0 ⇒ t2 – t1 + t1.t22 – t12t2 = 0

⇒ (t2 – t1)( 1+ t1t2) = 0 ⇒ t2 – t1 = 0 (or) 1 + t1t2 = 0 ⇒ t1 = t2 (or) t1t2 = – 1
5. Given vertices of quadrilateral are (2, – 1), (4, 3), (– 1, 2) and (– 3, 2)
1 2 +1 4 + 3 1 3 7 1 24
Area = = = ( 3 + 21) = = 12 sq. units
2 −1 − 2 3 − 2 2 −3 1 2 2
6. Given vertices of ΔABC are A(2, 0), B(0, 12) & C(0, 0)
1 2−0 2−0 1 2 2 1 1
Area of ΔABC = = = 0 + 24 = × 24 = 12 sq. units
2 0 − 12 0 − 0 2 −12 0 2 2
1
∴ Area of ΔAGB = × 12 = 4 sq. units
3
7. Given points (vertices) are (1 +1, 1), (2p + 1, 3) and (2p + 2, 2p). If p = 0, then the vertices are (1,
1), (1, 3) and (2, 0)
1 1 − 1 1 − 2 1 0 −1 1 1
Δ= = = 0−2 = ×2 = 1
2 1 − 3 1 − 0 2 −2 1 2 2
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8. If p = 1, then the vertices are (2, 1), (3, 3) and (4, 2)

1 2 − 3 2 − 4 1 −1 −2 1 1 3
Δ= = = 1 − 4 = × 3 = sq. units
2 1− 3 1− 2 2 −2 −1 2 2 2
If p = – 1, then the vertices are (0, 1), (– 1, 3) nd (0, – 2)
1 0 +1 0 − 0 1 1 0 1 3
Δ= = = 3 − 0 = sq. units
2 1 − 3 1 + 2 2 −2 3 2 2
9. If p = 3, then the vertices are (4, 1), (7, 3) and (8, 6)
1 4 − 7 4 − 8 1 −3 −4 1 7
Δ= = = 15 − 8 = sq. units
2 1 − 3 1 − 6 2 −2 −5 2 2
10. If p = – 3, then the vertices are (– 2, 1), (–5, 3), (– 4, – 6)

1 −2 + 5 −2 + 4 1 3 2 1 25
Δ= = = 21 + 4 =
2 1− 3 1+ 6 2 −2 7 2 2
AIM - 6
CHALLENGERS
−3 1
1. i) 3x + 6y + 1 = 0 slope = =− ii) y – 4 = 0; slope = 0
6 2
iii) x = 10 – parallel to Y - axis slope not defined iv) y = – 8 –– parallel to X - axis, slope = 0
y2 − y1 −3 − 2 −5
2. The slope of the line passing through (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) = x − x = =
2 1 2 +1 3
1 1 4 −2 1
3. The area of the triangle formed by the given points =
2 2 −1 5 2
1 1
= ( −1 − 8) + (20 − 2) + ( −4 − 5) = −9 + 18 − 9 = 0 ⇒ Given points are collinear
2 2
1 3p
4. i) m = tan30° = , ii) tan = tan135° = – cot 45° = – 1
3 4
3 -2 3 - 3 1 pC
5. i) tan q = = = Þ tan G = tan 30° Þ G = 30°(or)
1- 4 -3 3 6
9- 4 5 3pC
ii) tan G = = = -1 Þ tan G = tan135° Þ G = 135°(or)
-3 - 2 -5 4
6. i) The slope of y = 3x + 4 is 3 ; Slope of 2y = 6x + 5 is 3 ⇒ lines are parallel
ii) The slope of y – 2x = 7 is 2; slope of 4x – 2y = 5 is 2 ⇒ lines are parallel
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−2 −3 3
7. The slope of the line 2x + 3y – 4 = 0 is m1 = ; slope of the line 3x – ay + 5 = 0 is m2 = =
3 −a a
−2 3
If the lines are perpendicular ⇒ product of the slopes = –1 ⇒ m1 .m2 = –1 ⇒ . = −1 ⇒ a = 2
3 a
−k −3 −1
8. The slope of the line kx + 3y + 5 = 0 is = ( m1 ) ; Slope of the line 3x + 9y – 10 = 0 is = ( m2 )
3 9 3
− k −1
It the lines are parallel ⇒ m1 = m2 ⇒ = ⇒ k =1
3 3
CLASS ROOM PACKAGES
PEARL PACKAGE :
y2 − y1
1. = 2 ⇒ – 2 = 2x – 5 ⇒ x = 1 2. The slope of line whose inclination 60º is 3
x2 − x1
π
3 The slope m = 3 ⇒ inclination = 4. The slope of x + 10 = 0 is not defined
3
−2 2
5. The slope of the line 2x – 3y – 10 = 0 is m1 = = ;
−3 3
2 −3
Let the slope of the line which perpendicular to given line = m2. ∴ m1m2 = −1 ⇒ m2 = −1 ⇒ m2 =
3 2
−1
6. Given lines, L1 : x + 2y + 3 = 0; L2 = 2x + y – 5 = 0; m1 = & m2 = – 2
2
Here m1 ≠ m2 ( or ) m1 m2 ≠ −1 ; So L1 & L2 are only inteesecting lines.
−10 2
7. Given lines L1 : 10x + 5y – 20 = 0; L2 : y = – 2x + 20. m1 = = −2; m2 = = −2
2 −1
m1 = m2 ⇒ L1 & L2 are parallel lines.
−1
x y a = −b −1 a
8. The slope of + = 1 is 1 a ; The slope of perpendicular line to given line is =
a b ⎛ −b ⎞ b
b ⎜⎝ a ⎟⎠
−a
9. Statement (A) : True (Slope of ax = by + c = 0 is zero ⇒ =0⇒a =0)
b
Statement (B) : False (Slope of Y - axis (or) parallel to Y - axis is not defined)
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EMERALD PACKAGE :
1− 2 3 −1 π
1. Slope tan θ = = 3 ⇒ θ= 3
−2
x y −b
2. + =1 slope m =
a b a
1 −k
3. Slope of x – 3y = 10 is m1 = ; Slope of kx + 6y – 1 = 0 is m2 =
3 6
1 −k
Lines are parallel ⇒ = ⇒ –3k = 6 ⇒ k = – 2
3 6
−2 3
4. Slope of 2x + 3y – 10 = 0 is m1 = ; Slope of 3x – ay – 25 = 0 is m2 =
3 a
−6
Lines are perpendicular ⇒ m1 m2 = – 1 ⇒ = −1 ⇒ a = 2
3a
−1 −2
5. Statement(A):True; x + 2y – 3 = 0 and 2x + ky+10=0 are parallel ⇒ m1= m2 ⇒ = ⇒k = 4
2 k
−3 −4
Statement (B) : False; The slope of 3x + 4y – 3 = 0 is ; The slope of 4x + 3y – 10 = 0 is .
4 3
Here, m1 ≠ m2 & m1 m2 ≠ −1 ,so lines are only intersecting.
AIM - 7
CHALLENGERS
1. m = 5 ⇒ equation is y = 5x
2. (y – 3) = 3 (x – 4) ⇒ y – 3 = 3x – 12 ⇒ 3x – y – 9 = 0
3. m = 2, c = 4 ⇒ equation is y = 2x + 4
4. Equation is y = 5 (x – 3) ⇒ y = 5x – 15
5. m = 2, P(x1 y1) = (2, 2) ; (y – 2) = 2 (x – 2) ⇒ y – 2 = 2x – 4 ⇒ 2x – y – 2 = 0
x y x y
6. + =1 ⇒ + = 1 ⇒ 7x – 4y = 28
a b 4 −7
7. (a – b)2 = (a + b)2 – 4ab = 9 – 4 (2) = 1
a – b = 1 (or) a – b = –1
a+b=3 a+b=3
x y
Solve a – b = 1, a + b = 3 then a = 2, b = 1 required equation + = 1 ⇒ x + 2y = 2
2 1
x y
Solve a – b = –1, a + b = 3 then a = 1, b = 2 required equation + = 1 ⇒ 2x + y = 2
1 2
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8. Required equation is x = ± k, (i.e) x = ± 10 ⇒ x – 10 = 0

9. Required equation is y = ± k, (i.e.,) y = ± 5
10. Slope of the line 2x + y + 1 = 0 is – 2; the equation of the line having slope m and x - intercept a
is y = m (x – a) ⇒ y = – 2 (x – 2) ⇒ y = – 2x + 4 ⇒ 2x + y – 4 = 0
11. Equation of the line passing through (x1 y1) and (x2 y2) in (x – x1)/ (x2 – x1) = (y – y1)/ (y2 – y1)
x -1 y -2 x −1 y − 2
⇒ = ⇒ = ⇒ x – y + 2 – 1 = 0 ⇒x – y + 1 = 0
3-1 4 -2 2 2
12. 1(x + 2) + 1 (y – 3) = 0 ⇒ x + y –1 = 0
13. Equation of the line passing through (x1 y1) and perpendicular to ax + by + c = 0 is
b (y – y1) – a (x – x1) = 0 ⇒ – 1 (y – 2) – 1 (x + 1) = 0 ⇒ – y + 2 – x – 1 = 0 ⇒ x + y – 1 = 0
CLASS ROOM PACKAGES
PEARL PACKAGE :
−8 15 ⎛ −4 ⎞ 5
1. 8x + 6y – 15 = 0 ⇒ 6y = – 8x + 15 ⇒ y = x+ ⇒y=⎜ ⎟ x+
6 6 ⎝ 3⎠ 2
2. y = m(x – c)
a
3. y = mx ⇒ y = x ⇒ ax = by ⇒ ax – by = 0
b
2
4. y – y1 = m(x – x1) ⇒ y – 2 = (x – 1) ⇒ 5y – 10 = 2x – 2 ⇒ 2x – 5y + 8 = 0.
5
3 3 x + 20
5. y = mx + c ⇒ y = x + 5 ⇒y = ⇒ 4y = 3x + 20 ⇒ 3x – 4y + 20 = 0
4 4
6. a(x – x1) + b(y – y1) = 0 ⇒ a(x – 0) + b(y – 0) = 0 ⇒ ax + by = 0
7. The equation of a line parallel to X - axis and passing through(– 3, – 4) is y = – 4 ⇒ y + 4 = 0
8. The equation of a line perpendicular to X - axis and passing through (3, 4) is x = 3 ⇒ x – 3 = 0
2 x ( −3) y 5 5 −5
9. 2x – 3y – 5 = 0 ⇒ 2x – 3y = 5 ⇒ + = ⇒ x + y = 1 ∴ The intercepts are &
5 5 5 ⎛ 5 ⎞ ⎛ −5 ⎞ 2 3
⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 3 ⎟⎠
⎛ −1⎞
⎜⎝ a ⎟⎠ −b
x y =
10. The equation of a line having X-intercept ‘a’ and Y - intercept ‘b’ is + = 1 ⇒ slope = ⎛ 1 ⎞ a
a b ⎜⎝ b ⎟⎠
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EMERALD PACKAGE :
−a
1. y – y1 = m(x – x1) ⇒ y – b = ( x − a) ⇒ by – b2 = – ax + a2 ⇒ ax + by = a2 + b2.
b
2. Slope = tan60° = 3 . The equation ⇒ y – y1 = m(x – x1) ⇒ y – 5 = 3 (x – 0) ⇒ y = 3x + 5 .

3. Slope(m) = tan45° = 1. The equation ⇒ y = mx + c ⇒ y = 1.x + (– 2) ⇒ x – y – 2 = 0.
y − y1 x − x1 y−0 x −a −y x − a
= ⇒ = ⇒ =
a ⇒
4. bx – ab = – ay ⇒ bx + ay – ab = 0.
y1 − y2 x1 − x2 0−b a−0 b
5. By verification, The equations passing through (– 2, 3) are x - y + 5 = 0 and x + y – 1 = 0

but only x– y + 5 = 0 have equal intercepts with different signs.
y − y1 x − x1 y − a2 x−a
6. 2
The equation of a line passing through (a, a ) & (b, b ) is 2 = ⇒ =
y1 − y2 x1 − x2 a −b
2 2
a−b
⇒ (y – a2)(a – b)= (a – b)(a + b)(x – a) ⇒ y – a2 = ax – a2 + bx – ab
⇒ y– a2 = (a + b)x – a2 – ab ⇒ (a + b)x – y – ab = 0
7. A(– 1, 3), B(2, p) and C(5, – 1) are collinear ⇒ Δ = 0
1 −1 − 2 −1 − 5 −3 −6
⇒ =0⇒ = 0 ⇒ – 12 + 18 – 6p = 0 ⇒ 6p = 6 ⇒ p = 1
2 3 − p 3 − ( −1) 3− p 4
8. (1, 2), (2, 3) and (3, 4) are collinear ⇒ Δ = 0
1 k −2 k −3 k −2 k −3
⇒ =0⇒ = 0 ⇒ – 2k + 4 + k – 3 = 0 ⇒ – k + 1 = 0 ⇒ k = 1
2 −1 −2 −1 −2
9. Raju is correct, because y - coordinates of given points are same

10. Statement (A) : True; Statement (B) : True
DIAMOND PACKAGE :
1. y – y1 = m(x – x1) ⇒ y – a2cos θ = – tan θ (x – a2 sin θ )
− sin θ
⇒ y – a2cos θ =
cos θ
( )
x − a 2 sin θ ⇒ y cos θ − a 2 cos2 θ = − x sin θ + a 2 sin 2 θ
( )
⇒ x sin θ + y cos θ = a 2 sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ ⇒ x sin θ + y cos θ = a 2
y − y1 x − x1 y − 2at1 x − at
2
2. = ⇒ = 2 1 2 ⇒ (y– 2at )a(t + t )(t – t ) = (x – at 2)(2a)(t – t )

y1 − y2 x1 − x2 2 at1 − 2at2 at1 − at 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2
⇒ (y– 2at1)(t1 + t2) = (x – at12).2 ⇒ y(t1 + t2) – 2at1(t1 + t2_ = 2x – 2at12

⇒ y(t1 + t2) = 2x 2at12+ 2at12 + 2at1t2 ⇒ y(t1 + t2) = 2x + 2at1t2
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−a
3. y–b= ( x − a) ⇒ by – b2 = – ax + a2 ⇒ ax + by = a2 + b2 Ans : a
b
b
4. y–b= ( x − a) ⇒ ay – ab = bx – ab ⇒ bx – ay = 0 Ans : b
a
x t
5. Let + = 1 be a line equation Ans : a, c
a b
Given a + b = 5 & ab = 6 ⇒ a = 2 & b = 3 (or) a = 3 & b = 2
x y x y
If a = 2 and b = 3, then + = 1 ⇒ 3x + 2 y = 6; If a = 3 and b = 2, then + = 1 ⇒ 2 x + 3 y = 6.
2 3 3 2
6. b, c, d
AIM - 8
CHALLENGERS
1. Equation of the line parallel to x + y = 2 and passing through (2, – 5) is
x y
(x – 2 ) + ( y + 5) = 0 ⇒ x + y + 3 = 0 ⇒ x + y = – 3 ⇒ x + y = – 3 ⇒ + =1
−3 −3
1 1 9
⇒ Area of the triangle formed by the line = ( −3) × ( −3) = 9 = sq. units
2 2 2
x y −1 1
2. 3x – 5y = – 1 ⇒ ⎛ −1⎞ + ⎛ 1 ⎞ = 1 ; ⇒ x − intercept = , y - intercept =
3 5
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
3 5
1 ⎛ −1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ 1 −1 1
Area of the triangle = ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ = = sq. units
2 3 5 2 15 30
x y
3. Solve a + b = 4 and a – b = 2 ⇒ a = 3, b = 1; Required equation is + =1
3 1
1 1 3
Area of the triangle formed by the line with the coordinate axes = ab = 31 = sq.units
2 2 2
x y 1 1
4. Area of the triangle formed by the line + = 1 is (2 )( −3) = 6 = 3 sq.units
2 −3 2 2
5 ( 2 ) + 12 ( −3) + 13 23 - 36 13
5. Perpendicular distance = = = = 1unit
5 + 12
2 2
169 13
−50 50 50
6. Perpendicular distance from the origin = = = = 5 units
62 + 82 100 10
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7. i) 3x – 4y – 12 = 0, 3x – 4y – 7 = 0; c1 = – 12 c2 = – 7
c1 − c2 −12 + 7 5
Distance between parallel lines = = = = 1 units
a +b 2
9 + 16 2 5
ii) Distance between two parallel lines x = – 4, x = 5 is 5 – (–4) = 9 units
11 +-23 -5 π
c
cos G = 5 1 1
8. = = = ⇒ cos θ = = cos 45º ⇒ θ = 45º =
12 +-2
2
12 + 32 5 10 5 2 2 2 4
2 ( 5 ) + 1 ( 3) 13 13
cos θ = =
9. 2x + y – 6 = 0, 5x + 3y – 15 = 0;
(2 2
)(
+ 12 52 + 32 = ) 5 (34 ) 170
m1 − m2 −1 − 2 −3
x + y – 5 = 0 ; 2x – y – 10 = 0; m1 = –1 and m2 = 2; tan θ = 1 + m m = 1 + −2 = −1 = 3
10.
1 2 ( )
⇒ tan θ = 3
11. 3k (2k – 1) + (–1) (–8k –1) = 0 ⇒ 6k2 – 3k + 8k – 1 = 0 ⇒ 6k2 + 5k –1 = 0 ⇒ 6k2 + 6k – k –1 = 0
1
⇒ 6k (k + 1) – 1 (k + 1) = 0 ⇒ (k + 1) (6k – 1) = 0 ⇒ k = –1 (or) k =
6
−1 −k k k −1
12. m1 = , m2 = = ; the lines are parallel ⇒ m1 = m2 ⇒ = ⇒ 3k = −6 ⇒ k = – 2
3 −6 6 6 3
CLASS ROOM PACKAGES
PEARL PACKAGE :
1. Compare 3x + 2y + 7 = 0 with ax + by + c = 0 ⇒ a = 3, b = 2 and c = 7
1 c2 1 72 49
Area = 2 ab = 2 3 × 2 = 12 sq. units.
x y x y 1 1 48
2. Given line equation + = 2 ⇒ + = 1 ; Area = ab = 6 × 8 = = 24 sq. units
3 4 6 8 2 2 2
3. The equation of the line having slope 5 and y - interecpt 3 is y = 5x + 3 ⇒ 5x – y + 3 = 0
1 c2 1 9 9
Area = 2 ab = 2 . 5 × −1 = 10 sq. units
4. The distance between y = 3 and y = – 3 is 3 – (– 3) = 6.

12 ( −1) − 5 (1) + 9 −12 − 5 + 9 8
5. The distance of the point (– 1, 1) from 12x – 5y + 9 = 0 is = = .
122 + 52 169 13
6 5 units. 7. The distance from (– 8, – 5) to X - axis is 5.
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− tan θ
8. The distance from origin to the line x cos θ + y sin θ – tan θ = 0 is = = tan θ
cos2 θ + sin 2 θ
9. The angle between the lines y + 5 = 0 & 3 x − y − 7 = is
α 3 + 1( −1) −1 1 π
cos θ = = = ⇒ cos θ = cos60° ⇒ θ = 60° =
( 3) 1× 2 2 3
+ ( −1)
2 2
0 + 12 .
3 (1) + 1(3) 6 3
10. The angle between the lines 3x + y – 4 = 0 & x + 3y – 4 = 0 is cos θ = = =
32 + 1. 1 + 32 10 5
11. The angle between the lines 2x + 3y = 5 & 5x + y = 6 is
2 ( 5) + 3 (1) 13 1 π
cos θ = = = ⇒ cos θ = cos 45° ⇒ θ = 45° =
22 + 32 . 52 + 12 13 26 2 4
12. 3x – ky – 2 = 0 and 2x + y + 2 = 0 are perpendicular
∴ a1a2 + b1b2 = 0 ⇒ 3(2) + (– k)1 = 0 ⇒ 6 – k = 0 ⇒ k = 6
a1 b1 2 k 4
13. The lines 2x + ky – 10 - 9 & 5x + 2y – 7 = 0 are parallel ⇒ a = b ⇒ 5 = 2 ⇒ k = 5
2 2
a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1
14 = ≠ 15) a1a2 + b1b2 = 0 16) a = b = c
a2 b2 c2 2 2 2
EMERALD PACKAGE :
5 − 2 −3
1. Slope of the line joining points (1, 2) & (– 1, 5) is =
−1 − 1 2
−3
The equation of the line passing through (2, – 3) and having slope is y– y1 = m(x – x1)
2
−3
⇒ y+3= (x – 2) ⇒ 2y + 6 = – 3x + 6 ⇒ 3x + 2y = 0
2
2. The equation of a line parallel to 3x + 5y + 7 = 0 & passing through (– 1, 2) is
3(x – (– 1)) + 5(y – 2) = 0 ⇒ 3(x + 1) + 5(y – 2) = 0 ⇒ 3x + 3 + 5y – 10 = 0 ⇒ 3x + 5y – 7 = 0
y − y1 x − x1 y−4 x −3
3. The equation of line passing through (3, 4), (5, 6) is y − y = x − x ⇒ 4 − 6 = 3 − 5 ⇒ y – 4 = x –3
1 2 1 2
1 c2 1 1 1 1 1
⇒ x– y + 1 = 0; Area = 2 ab = 2 1 × −1 = 2 × 1 = 2 sq. units
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5
4. The distance from origin to the line ax + by + 5 = 0 is
10
5 5
⇒ = ⇒ a 2 + b 2 = 10 ⇒ a 2 + b 2 = 10 .
a +b
2 2
10
10 10
The distance from origin tothe line ax + by + 10 = 0 is ⇒ = = 10
a 2 + b2 10
15
5. Given lines 3x – 4y + 9 = 0 & 6x – 8y – 15 = 0; 3x – 4y – =0
2
⎛ 15 ⎞ 18 + 15
9−⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ 2 33 1 33
= = × =
The distance 3 +4
2 2
25 2 5 10
π
6. Statement (A) : True; The angle between 2x + 3y + 5 = 0 and 3x – ky + 10 = 0 is
2
The lines are perpendicular ⇒ a1a2 + b1b2 = 0 ⇒ 2(3) + 3(-k) = 0 ⇒ 3k = 6 ⇒ k = 2
Statement (B) : False; The angle between the lines 5x + 7y – 10 = 0 & ax – 14y + 20 = 0 is 0°
5 7
The lines are parallel ⇒ a1 = b1 ⇒ = ⇒ a= – 10
a2 b2 a −14
7. d 8. c 9. a 10. b
DIAMOND PACKAGE :
4−2
1. The slope of a line joining points (1, 2) &(3, 4) is m = =1
3 −1
⎛1+ 3 2 + 4⎞
The mid point of the line segment = ⎜⎝ , ⎟ = ( 2,3)
2 2 ⎠
The slope of required line = – 1
The required line equation is y – y1 = m(x – x1) ⇒ y – 3 = – 1(x – 2) ⇒ y – 3 + x – 2 = 0 ⇒ x + y – 5 = 0.
−5 − 4 −9 5
2. Given points A(1,1), B(– 3, 4) and C(2, – 5); Slope of BC = = ; Slope of required line =
2+3 5 9
5
Required line equation is y – y1 = m(x – x1) ⇒ y – 1 = ( x − 1) ⇒ 9 y − 9 = 5 x − 5 ⇒ 5x – 9y + 4 = 0
9
3. Given points A(4, 3), B(– 2, 3) and C(1, – 2)
⎛ 4 + 1 3 − 2⎞ ⎛ 5 1⎞
Mid point of AC = ⎜⎝ , = ,
2 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠
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⎛ ⎞
⎛ 5 1⎞ ⎜ y−3 x+2 ⎟ y−3 x+2
The equation of line passing through (– 2, 3) & ⎜⎝ , ⎟⎠ is ⎜ = ⇒ =
2 2 1 5⎟ 5 ⎛ −9 ⎞
⎜⎝ 3 − − 2 − ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
2 2 2
−9
⇒ ( y − 3) = 5 ( x + 2) ⇒ – 9y + 27 = 5x + 10 ⇒ 5x + 9y – 17 = 0
2 2
x y
4. P is the perpendicular from origin to + =1
a b
−1 1 1 1 1 1 1
⇒ = p⇒ = 2
+ 2 = 2 = 2+ 2
2
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
2 p a b p a b
⎜⎝ a ⎟⎠ + ⎜⎝ b ⎟⎠
x y x y
5. The angle between + = 1 & + = 1 is
a b b a
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ 2 2
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ + ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
a b b a ab
cos θ = = = 2 ab 2
2
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
2 2 2
a 2 + b2 a 2 + b2 a +b
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ + ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ . ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ + ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ a 2b 2 a 2b 2 a 2b 2
a b a b
2 a 2 b2 2ab a 2 + b2
cos θ = × 2 = ⇒ sec θ = Ans : c, d
ab a + b 2 a 2 + b 2 2ab
6. The angles between 3x – y + 1 = 0 & 2x + ky + 5 = 0 si 45°
3 ( 2) + ( −1) k 1
⇒ cos θ = cos 45° ⇒ =
32 + 12 . 2 2 + k 2 2
⇒
6−k
=
1
⇒
(6 − k ) = 1 ⇒ 2
2[36 + k2 – 12k] = 10(4 + k2)

10. 4 + k 2 2 10. 4 + k 2
2 ( )
⇒ 36 + k2 – 12k = 20 + 5k2 ⇒ 4k2 + 12k – 16 = 0 ⇒ k2 + 3k – 4 = 0 ⇒ k2 + 4k – k – 4 = 0
⇒ k(k + 4) – 1(k + 4) = 0 ⇒ (k + 4)(k – 1) = 0 ⇒ k = 1 (or) k = – 4 Ans : a, b
7. Given lines y = mx + 1 & y = mx + 6 ⇒ mx – y + 1 = 0 & mx – y + 6 = 0
The distance between given lines = 5
1− 6 5
⇒ = 5⇒ = m 2 + 1 ⇒ 5 = m 2 + 1 ⇒ m2 = 4 ⇒ m = ±2
m 2 + ( −1)
2
5
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2. SURDS
AIM - 1
CHALLENGERS
1. (i) 5, , 5, 2 (ii) 4
9, 4 , 9, 4 (iii) 5
2, 5 , 2, 5
( )( ) ( ) ( 3)
2
2. (i) 3 3 × 3 9 = 3 27 = 3 (ii) 2 + 3 2 − 3 = 2 2 − = 4−3=1
( )( )
(iii) 3 + 2 4 + 3 − 7 = 12 + 3 3 − 3 7 + 4 2 + 6 − 14
−7
3. (i) rational factor = 10, irrational factor = 3 (ii) rational factor = , irrational factor = 9
21
8
CLASS ROOM PACKAGES
PEARL PACKAGE :
1) similar 2. 16.9 3) Statement (A) : False; Statement(B) : True.

4) Statement (A) : False; Statement(B) : True. 5) Statement (A) : True; Statement(B) : True.
6) 8 7) 3 5 8) 4
6 9) b 10) b,c,d
11) b, d 12) a,b,d
EMERALD PACKAGE :
1. 3 a + 1 and 4 5 are similar ⇒ a +1 = 5 ⇒ a + 1 = 5 ⇒ a = 4 Ans : d
2. 3
a + 1 × 4 5 is a mixed surd ⇒ 3 a + 1 is an integer
If a = 0 ⇒ 3 0 + 1 = 1; Given surd is pure surd
If a = 7 ⇒ 3 7 + 1 = ⇒ 3 8 = 2; Given surd is mixed
AIM - 2
CHALLENGERS
1. i) 4 3 − 3 12 + 2 75 = 4 3 − 3 ( 2 × 2) × 3 + 2 3 × ( 5 × 5) = 4 3 − 6 3 + 10 3 = 8 3
ii) 4 12 − 50 − 7 48 + 20 3 + 5 2 = 4 ( 2 × 2) × 3 − 2 × ( 5 × 5) − 7 ( 4 × 4) × 3 + 20 3+5 2
= 8 3 − 5 2 − 28 3 + 20 3 + 5 2 = 28 3 − 28 3 − 5 2 + 5 2 = 0
3 3 3
2. (i) 32 = × × 32 = 18 (ii) 10 4 3 = 4 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 3 = 4
30000
4 4 4
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3. i) 2 5 + 125 = 2 5 + (5 × 5) × 5 = 2 5+5 5 =7 5
3 3× 3
= 5 3 + 2 3 × ( 3 × 5) +
3 3
ii) 5 3 + 2 77 + = 5 3+6 3+ = 12 3
3 3 3
4. (i) 3
54 = 3
(3 × 3 × 3) × 2 = 3. 3 2 (ii) 5
288 = 5
( 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2)(3 × 3) = 2. 5 9
CLASS ROOM PACKAGES
PEARL PACKAGE :
1. n. a m = a m.na
2. 4 n
12 is a surd of order 12 ⇒ 4 n
12 = 4 n 12 ⇒ 4n = 12 ⇒ n=3
3. 3
108 = 3 3 × 3 × 3 × 2 × 2 = 3 × 3 4
4. ( k + 1) 4 5 is an entire surd ⇒ k + 1 = 1 ⇒ k = 0
EMERALD PACKAGE :
1. 2 18 + 3 50 − 5 72 = 2 (3 × 3) × 2 + 3 2 × ( 5 × 5) − 5 3 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 6 2 + 15 2 − 30 2
= 21 2 − 30 2 = – 9 2
2. 3
24 + 4 81 − 3 192 + 5 32 = 3
2 × 3 + 4 34 − 3 43 × 3 + 5 25 = 2. 3 3 + 3 − 4 3 3 + 2 = 5 − 2. 3 3
3. (a + b) 2 = 50 = 5 2 ⇒ a + b = 5; number of orders pairs = 4

1
n 5. a c + b c − c c = ( a + b − c) c
(n −1)
4. m = mn ⇒ m n −1 = n ⇒ m = n n −1 =
n
6. 2 6+2 5−2 8 =2 6+2 5−4 2 7. 3

24 + 3 3 = 3 23 × 3 + 3 3 = 2. 3 3 + 3 3 = 3 3 3
pm
(a )
p m
(a )
m p n
= = = a = n ap
n m
7= 7= 7
pm
8. 5 3 3 5 15 Ans : a, c 9. n m n m
a m
Ans : a, b, c, d
10. 5 6 = 6 × 5 × 5 = 150 11. 2 3

5=65
4
2 2 4 2 ×3 4 6
12. 3
4 = 2 3× 2
4 2× 2
= 4 6 4 13. = 4 = =
4
3 3 3×3 9
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DIAMOND PACKAGE :
1. a 3 + 4 pq = 6 3 and p, q ∈ N ⇒ a + 4 = 6 and pq = 3 and p, q ∈ N

⇒ a = 2, p = 1 and q = 3 ⇒ a + p + q = 2 + 1 + 3 = 6
AIM - 3
CHALLENGERS
5
24 24 5
1. 5
= 5 = 4
6 6
2 6 2 6 6 1
2. i) 2
2 × 3 3 × 4 4 = 12 26 × 12 34 × 12 43 = 12 26.34.43 ii) = = =
3
2 ×3
6 3 4×3 6 6
3. 4
3, 12
125 , 6 10 ⇒ 12
33 < 12
100 < 12
125 ⇒ 4
3 < 6
10 < 12
125
CLASS ROOM PACKAGES
PEARL PACKAGE :
1 1 1 1
1. 6 , 2 , 4 ,3 ; 216, 64, 256, 729 ⇒ 2 is the smallest
12 12 12 12
4 2 3 2
2. Statement (A) : True; Statement(B) : True. 3. Assertion (A) : True; Reason (R) : True.
12
16 × 27 3
8×32 2× 3 2
4. 12
= 16 12
Ans : b, c 5. a, d 6. a, b, c, d 7. 4
= =3 2 Ans : c
27 16 2
EMERALD PACKAGE :
1 1
1. x = 56 = 12
25 , y = 10 4 = 12
1000 ∴ x < y
6
108 33 × 4 6
2. x > 20 ⇒ x > 20 ⇒ least value of x = 5
4 2
3.
n
a= = 6 = 4 ⇒ n+ a = 6 + 4 = 10
6
33 33
4. Statement (A) : True; Statement(B) : True.
2
6
12 6
12 6
12 12 1 ⎛ 1⎞ 1
5. = = =6 =6 =6⎜ ⎟ =3
3 × 2 6 33 × 3 × 2 2 2
3 6
27 × 46
27 × 4 9 ⎝ 3⎠ 3
4
2×33 12
23 × 12 34 8 × 81 12 8
24 24 8
6. = = 12 = 24 7.
8
24 ÷ 8 = 8
8
= 8 = 3
12
27 12
27 27 8 8
8. 8 × 2 = 16 = 4 9. 3
2 × 3 2 × 3 2 = 3 23 = 2
3
4×38 4 ×2 3 3 4
2 4
2
10. = = 4 11.
4
2 ÷ 8
4 = = 4 =1
8 2
4 2 2 2
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AIM - 4
CHALLENGERS
2 2 × 3 52 2
1. 4 2 × 2 = 8 ⇒ simplest R.F is 2 2. 3 = = 3 25
5 3
5× 53 2 5
3. ( )(
(i) 5 + 3 5 − 3 = 25 − 3 = 22 ) (ii) ( )( )
5 + 4 − 5 + 4 = 16 − 5 = 11
( )
2
2 −1
4. = a + b 2 ⇒ 3 − 2 2 = a + b 2 ⇒ a = 3, b = - 2
1
5.
7 3 ( 10 − 3 ) − 2 5( 6− 5 )+ 3 2( 15 − 3 2 )= 30 − 3 − 2 30 + 10 + 30 − 6 = 1
7 1 +3
( ) ( )
2 2
6. a2 = 15 + 11 , b2 = 14 + 12 ; a 2 = 26 + 2 165, b2 = 26 + 2 168 ; a2 < b2
⇒ (a + b) (a - b) < 0 ⇒ a - b < 0 (3 a + b > 0 ) ⇒ a < b
CLASS ROOM PACKAGES
PEARL PACKAGE :
1) RF’s to each other 2) 5 128 = 5 2 5 × 2 2 2. 5 2 2 ; R.F of 5

2 2 is
5
23 = 5 8
3) − 3 − 2 4) infinite
5) Statement (A) : True; Statement(B) : False.
2 −2
6) 3+ 7 7) 7 3 − 1 + 7 3
8) 108 = 22 × 33 = ( 2 × 3) 3 = 6 3 ; The rationalising factor is 3

9) a, c 10) a, c, d 11) a, b, c, d
EMERALD PACKAGE :
1) 3
4 × 3 2 = 2 ⇒n + a = 3 + 2 = 5 2) 8 3) 5 4) 3 − 7
DIAMOND PACKAGE :
(4 + 2 )(2 − 2 ) 6 − 2 2
q =
1. p–
(2 + 2 )(2 − 2 ) = 2 = 3 − 2 ⇒ (p, q) = (3, 2)
( 4) + ( 2 ) ; R.F is a + ab + b is a – b.
2 2
2. 3
4 + 3 8 + 3 16 = 3 2 2 + 3 2 × 4 + 3 4 2 =
3 3
4×32+ 3 2 2
R.F = 3
4−32
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( ) + ( 3 + 2)
2 2
3− 2 3− 2 3+ 2
3+ 2 3− 2
3. x= ,y = ; x+y= + =
3+ 2 3− 2
( 3) − ( 2 )
2 2
3+ 2 3− 2
3+ 2− 2 6 +3+ 2+ 2 6 10
= = = 10 Ans : a,b
3−2 1
( ) −( )
2 2
3− 2 3+ 2 3− 2 3+ 2
4. x−y = − =
3+ 2 3− 2 3−2
3+ 2−2 6 −3−2−2 6
= = −4 6 = – 96
1
( ) +( )
2 2
1 1 3+ 2 3− 2 3+ 2 3− 2
5. + = + = = 3 + 2+ 2 6 + 3 + 2 – 2 6 = 10
x y 3− 2 3+ 2 1
Ans : a,b
( ) −( )
2 2
1 1 3+ 2 3− 2 3+ 2 3− 2
6. − = − = = 3 + 2 + 2 6 –3–2+ 2 6 = 4 6 = 96
x y 3− 2 3+ 2 1
Ans : c
AIM - 5
CHALLENGERS
1. (i) 8 + 2 15 = 5 + 3 (ii) 12 − 4 5 = 12 − 2 20 = 10 − 2
( )
1 1
(iii) 50 + 48 = 2 4 5 + 2 6 = 2 4 3+ 2
( ) (y + z)
2
2. (i) x + ( y + z) + 2 x ( y + z) = x + y+z = x+
( )
2
1 ⎛
( a + b) ( a − b) ⎞⎠ =
1
(ii) a+ a −b = a + b + ( a − b ) + 2. a+b + a−b
2⎝
2 2
2
=
1
2
( a+b + a−b )
3. a2 − b = (a + b )(a − b ) = (2 + 3 )(2 − 3 ) = 1
( 3) + ( 2 ) + ( 5)
2 2 2
4. 10 − 2 6 − 2 10 + 2 15 = − 2. 3. 2 − 2. 2. 5 + 2. 5. 3
( ) =( 2 + 5)
2
= 3− 2+ 5 3−
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x = 12 + 12 + 12 + ...∞ ⇒ x = 12 + x ⇒ x - x - 12 = 0 ⇒ x - 4x + 3x – 12 = 0
2 2 2
5.
⇒ x2 - 4x + 3x - 12 = 0 ⇒ x (x - 4) + 3 ( x - 4) = 0 ⇒ x = 4 ⇒ 12 + 12 + 12 + .........∞ = 4
CLASS ROOM PACKAGES
PEARL PACKAGE :
( 3) + ( 2) ( )
2 2 2
1. 5+ 2 6 = + 2. 3. 2 = 3+ 2 = 3+ 2
x x x...∞ = t ⇒ x x x...∞ = t ⇒ x t = t , t ≠ 0 ⇒ x = t (x > 0)

2
2. 2
∴ x x x...∞ = x
EMERALD PACKAGE :
( x) + ( y) ( )
2 2 2
1. x + y − 2 xy = −2 x y = y− x = y− x (3 0 < x < y )
( )
2
2. 19 − 2 4 x = 12 − 7 ⇒ 19 − 2 4 x = 12 − 7 ⇒ 19 − 2 4 x = 12 + 7 − 2 84
⇒ 19 − 2 4 x = 19 − 2 84 ⇒ 4x = 84 ⇒ x = 21
3. 6 + 24 + 12 + 8 = 1+ 2 + 3 + 2 6 + 2 3 + 2 2
( 1) + ( 2 ) + ( 3 ) + 2 1. 2 + 2
2 2 2
= 3. 1 + 2 2. 3
( 2 + 3 + 1) = 2 + 3 + 1
2
=
( 3) ( 3 ) = (2 − 3 )
2 2
4. 7 − 48 = 4 + 3 − 2 12 = 22 + − 2.2. = 2− 3
31
5. 6 6 6 6 6 = 6 32
( ) ( )
2 2
6. 19 + 8 3 = 16 + 3 + 2 48 = 16 + 3 + 2 16. 3 = 16 + 3 = 4 + 3
DIAMOND PACKAGE :
1. 2x = 2 x2 − 1 = ( x + 1) + ( x − 1) + 2 ( x + 1)( x − 1)
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
= x +1 + x − 1 + 2. x + 1 x − 1 = x +1 + x −1 = x +1 + x −1
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VIII Class Maths Techno Solutions (21 - 22)

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VIII Class Maths Techno Solutions (21 - 22)

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(-2,-3) -2 (0,-2) (3,-1)

All the points lies on X - axis.

3. (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 0), (2, – 1)

The points form a straight line which is passing through origin.

CLASS ROOM PACKAGES

1) x < 0 and y > 0 ⇒ P(x, y) ⇒ (–, +) ⇒ Q2 2) φ 3) 4 4) 3

1) a < 0 ⇒ P(–a, –3) ⇒ (+, –) ⇒ Q4 2) b

2. AB = (2 − 1)2 + (1 − 2)2 = 1 + 1 = 2 ; BC = ( −2 − 2)2 + ( 5 − 1)2 = 16 + 16 = 32 = 4 2

( −2, −1) + ( 5 − 2 ) = 9 + 9 = 18 = 3 2 ; BC = AB + AC ⇒ A, B, C are collinear

BC = ( 2 − 4 ) 2 + ( −1 + 6 ) 2 = 4 + 25 = 29 ; CD = (−3 − 2)2 + (−3 + 1)2 = 25 + 4 = 29

DA = (−1 + 3)2 + (−8 + 3)2 = 4 + 25 = 29 ; AC = (2 + 1)2 + ( −1 + 8)2 = 9 + 49 = 58

BD = (6 + 6) 2 + (-1 + 7)2 = 144 + 36 = 180

CLASS ROOM PACKAGES

1. Given points A(0, 0), B(1, 0) and C(0, 1)

AB = (0 − 1)2 + (0 − 0)2 = 1 =1 BC = (1 − 0)2 + (0 − 1)2 = 1+1 = 2

CA = (0 − 0)2 + (0 − 1)2 = 1 = 1 ; Perimeter = AB + BC + CA = 1 + 2+1=2+ 2

4. Given points A(– 1, 0), B(0, – 1), C(1, 0) and D(0, 1)

CD = (1 − 0)2 + ( 0 − 1)2 = 2 DA = ( −1 − 0)2 + (0 − 1)2 = 2

Here AB = BC = CD = DA and AC = BD ∴ ABCD is a square

6. Given points are A(0, 0), B(3, 0) and C(0, 4)

CA = (0 + 1)2 + ( −1 − 3)2 = 1 + 16 = 17 ; Here AB ≠ BC ≠ CA ⇒ ΔABC is a scalene triangle

AB = ( k − 2)2 + (2 − 3)2 = ( k − 2 )2 + 1 BC = ( 2 − 3) 2 + ( 3 − 4 ) 2 = 1+1 = 2

CA = ( k − 3)2 + (2 − 4)2 = ( k − 3)2 + 4

⇒ (k – 1)2 = 0 ⇒ k = 1 (or) By option verification,

AB = (1 − 2)2 + 1 = 2 BC = 2 AC = (1 − 3)2 + 4 = 4+4 = 8 =2 2

3. Given points A(2, 4), B(4, 2) and C(7, 1)

CA = (2 − 7)2 + ( 4 − 1)2 = 25 + 9 = 34 ; Here, AB ≠ BC ≠ CA ⇒ ΔABC is a scalene triangle.

6. AB = (cos θ + sin θ )2 + (sin θ − cos θ )2

CD = (1 + 1)2 + (3 − 3)2 = 22 = 2 DA = ( −1 + 1)2 + (0 − 3)2 = 9 =3

AC = ( −1 − 1)2 + (0 − 3)2 = 4 + 9 = 13 BD = (1 + 1)2 + (0 − 3)2 = 4 + 9 = 13

1. Lengh of AB = 10 ; one end = (2, –3); abscissa of other end = 10

Let ordinate be = x ⇒ (10 − 2 ) + ( x + 3) = 10 ⇒ x = 3 (or) – 9

2. Given Parts A(2, 4), B(2, 6) and C( 2 + 3 , 5)

3. Statement (A) : True

CA = ( k − 1 − k − 1)2 + ( k + 2 − k )2 = 4 + 4 = 8 = 2 2 ⇒ AB + BC = CA ⇒ A,B,C are

CA = ( 4 − 8) 2 + ( 5 − 9 ) 2 = 16 + 16 = 32 ; ⇒ AB = BC ≠ CA ⇒ ΔABC is not a scalene triangle.

2. A (–3, a), B (1, a + 4) ; Mid point of AB = ⎛⎜ −3 + 1 , 2 a + 4 ⎞⎟ = ( −1, 1)

æ1+ 2 +3 1-3 + 4 ö÷ æ 2ö÷ B C

4. a) X - axis divides the line segment AB in the ratio – 2 : 3 (– y1 : y2)

⎛ mx2 + nx1 my2 + ny1 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ( 7) + 3 ( 0 ) 2 (1) + 3 ( −3) ⎞ ⎛ 14 −7 ⎞

CLASS ROOM PACKAGES

⇒ p3 + q3 + 3pq(p + q) = – 1 ⇒ p3 + q3 3pq(– 1) = – 1 ⇒ p3 + q3 – 3pq = – 1

⎡ mx2 + nx1 my2 + ny1 ⎤

⎡ ( m )( −7) + n ( 3) ( m )( 2) + n ( −5) ⎤ ⎡ 1 −13 ⎤ −7m + 3n 1

The distance of the point (1, 2) from (4, 6) = (1 − 4 )2 + (2 − 6)2 = 9 + 16 = 5 units

⎛ 1(1) + 2 (3) 1( 2) + 2 ( −4) ⎞ ⎛7 ⎞

2. (cos = + isin = )(sin = + i cos = ) – (cos b + isin b )(sin b + i cos b )

3. The area of Δ ABC = 4 (1) = 4 sq. units

⇒ (1 – t12)t2 – t1(1 – t22) = 0 ⇒ t2 – t12.t2– t1 + t1.t22 = 0 ⇒ t2 – t1 + t1.t22 – t12t2 = 0

8. If p = 1, then the vertices are (2, 1), (3, 3) and (4, 2)

9. If p = 3, then the vertices are (4, 1), (7, 3) and (8, 6)

10. If p = – 3, then the vertices are (– 2, 1), (–5, 3), (– 4, – 6)

CLASS ROOM PACKAGES

8. Required equation is x = ± k, (i.e) x = ± 10 ⇒ x – 10 = 0

2. Slope = tan60° = 3 . The equation ⇒ y – y1 = m(x – x1) ⇒ y – 5 = 3 (x – 0) ⇒ y = 3x + 5 .

5. By verification, The equations passing through (– 2, 3) are x - y + 5 = 0 and x + y – 1 = 0

8. (1, 2), (2, 3) and (3, 4) are collinear ⇒ Δ = 0

9. Raju is correct, because y - coordinates of given points are same

2. = ⇒ = 2 1 2 ⇒ (y– 2at )a(t + t )(t – t ) = (x – at 2)(2a)(t – t )

⇒ (y– 2at1)(t1 + t2) = (x – at12).2 ⇒ y(t1 + t2) – 2at1(t1 + t2_ = 2x – 2at12

4. The distance between y = 3 and y = – 3 is 3 – (– 3) = 6.

2[36 + k2 – 12k] = 10(4 + k2)