Process paragraphs 9 A process paragraph is a description af haw ta do something. It explains the steps you need to follow to complete an activity. Read this recipe and do the exercises below. Mikes Brown Rice anal Vegetables Iugredionts feo cups of brown rice Brown rice and vegetables isa simple and one tablespoon of cooking delicious meal to make. First, cook the rice, oil following the directions on the packet. Then, cut the three tablespoons of chilli vegetables unto one-inch pieces. Next, heat the cil, sauce chilli sauce, and garlic in a frying pas After that three cloves of garlic add the vegetables and fry them until they are sof ‘one green pepper but still a little bit crunchy. Now it's time to stir in one red papper the cooked vice. After stirring the rice and onc onion vegetables together, add salt and pepper to your two tomatoes own taste. Finally, put the rice and vegetables into favo spring onions «large bowl and serve it with freshly chopped salt tomatoes and spring onious on fop Now you are Pepper ready to onjoy your delicious brown rice and vegetables! a. Underline the topic sentence and the concluding sentence of the paragraph b. List the steps for making brown rice and vegetables in the order you find them. 1, Gook the rice: ¢. How are the steps in the paragraph connected tngether? What words do you see that help show the sequence to follow? Underline them. DESCRIPTIVE AND PROCESS PARAGRAPHS 29Transitions > What are transitions? ‘Transitions are wards that connect the steps in a paragraph. ‘Iransition words and phrases show the relationships between the ideas in a paragraph. They are not used between every sentence, but are used often enough to make the order clear. Here are some common e that show time order or the order of steps transition words and phra first, second, third, ete. finally next Ue Last step then bofore after, after that while 10 Add other transition words you know to the list above. ansition words to connect the steps in this paragraph about | Choose appropriate preparing for a trip. Planning a holiday abroad? Here are some suggestions to make your trip successtul a find out if you need a visa for the country that you want to visit. Make sure you have enough time to apply far it © your buy your ticket ‘ you've found out about visas, you should research airfares and timetables s look for the best flight for you. Remember, the cheapest flight may stop ‘over in several cities and reduce the amount of time you have to spend at your destination. You might want to fly direct. * you're researching flights, you can also ask your travel agent about getting a good deal on a hotel. It's a good idea to bouk your flight and hotel early if you're sure of your destination. If you haven't already done it, the step Is to learn about places to visit, the weather, the food, and other details abo! ntormation. # .on the day of your flight, make sure you go to the airport al ready to s tne country. The Internet can be a very useful source of fart enjoying your holiday! least two hours before your flight. Now you ar 20 DEECRIPTIVE AND PROCESE PARAGRAPHSOrdering sentences 12 Order the steps to form a process paragraph. Write 1 nevt ta the first step, 2 for the second step, and sn on. a Conduct an experiment to find out whether learners of English Introduction to linguistics: language-learning research project English more correctly in a written test or in informal conversation Next, make a written test that checks the grammar point you are researching, This could be a fill-in-the-blanks test, a correct-the-errors test, or another style. It should have at least ten questions, but it should not be too long. After giving the written test, interview each learner individually for about len minutes, Try to make the interviews informal and friendly. Be sure to ask ‘questions that will encourage learners to use the grammar point you are researching Record the interviews. (Ask for learners’ permission first!) . After you have counted the errors, calculate the score ay a percentage. Do his for the written test and the spoken inteview, Next, read the tests and listen to the recordings. Make a note of how many times your chosen grammar point was used, and how many times it was used incorrectly. Do this for both dhe written (ext and the recorded conversation. Third, find about ten intermediate level English learners who will agree to take your test. Arrange a time to give the fest to each learner. Finally, prepare qwo graphs to compare your results. Did learners make more anistakes on the written test or while they were speaking? First, choose a common English grammar point yon wonld Tike to use in nr research. Ask your teacher for a suggestion if you need help choosing. 13 Write a process paragraph about a topic that yon knaw well. First, brainstorm all the steps that need ta he followed. ‘Then write the paragraph. Remember to use transitions. DESCRIPTIVE AND PROCESS PARAGRAPHS 31Review 14 This paragraph describes a city park, but it doesn’t have enough descriptive details. Imagine that you live next to a park. Rewrite the paragraph. adding description. to make ft more interesting. _ _ T live noxt to a park, The park is tre . and has trees and grass. There is a lake " the park where you ean see people enjoying many acuvisies. Thore are 4 lot oF plac : to eid relax There are a lol of paths that ou Te on, and everywhere you walk you can wa ao eee ge flowers. I really enjoy spendind you can 3 e time in this park 92 DESCRIPTIVE AND PROCESS PARAGRAPHS.