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Immunology
LH & FSH
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
Interpretation: FSH and LH are glycoprotein hormones which play a critical role in maintaining the normal function of the male
and female reproductive systems.FSH levels vary throughout the menstrual cycle in response to estradiol and progesterone.
Predicting ovulation
Evaluating infertility
Diagnosing pituitary disorders.
An adjunct in the evaluation of menstrual irregularities
Evaluating patients with suspected hypogonadism
Increased FSH in :
Menopause
Primary gonadal failure
Complete testicular feminization syndrome
Precocious puberty (either idiopathic or secondary to a central nervous system lesion)
Primary ovarian hypofunction in females
Primary hypogonadism in males
Gonadotrophin secreting pituitary tumours.
Drugs
Page 1 of 6
PO No :PO2104356416-107
Immunology
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Testosterone Total
Testosterone, total 677.83 ng/dL 240.24-870.68 CMIA
Comment:
Stage Male Female
Tanner Stage I 2.52 - 29.29 ng/dL 1.18 - 32.30 ng/dL
Tanner Stage II 3.86 - 278.59 ng/dL 5.05 - 22.21 ng/dL
Tanner Stage III 8.91- 655.39 ng/dL 7.43 - 41.24 ng/dL
Tanner Stage IV 19.96 - 754.45 ng/dL 15.19 - 53.64 ng/dL
Tanner Stage V 16.64 - 902.09 ng/dL 17.02 - 98.78 ng/dL
Testosterone is the major androgen in males produced by the Leydig cells of the testes.In females, it is secreted by
adrenal cortex and ovaries.
In serum, testosterone is largely bound to a specific steroid hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (60%and to albumin (38%),
but it is the free hormone (2%) that is physiologically active.
The total testosterone level measures both bound and free testosterone in the serum.
Increased in: Idiopathic sexual precocity, adrenal hyperplasia (boys), adrenocortical tumors, trophoblastic disease during
pregnancy, idiopathic hirsutism, virilizing ovarian tumors, PCOD, arrhenoblastoma, virilizing luteoma, testicular feminization
(normal or moderately elevated), hyperthyroidism, Cushing’s Disease, drugs (anticonvulsants, barbiturates, estrogens, oral
contraceptives).
Decreased in: Hypogonadism (primary and secondary), orchidectomy, Klinefelter syndrome, uremia, hemodialysis, hepatic
insufficiency, ethanol, drugs (digoxin, spironolactone, acarbose), excessive exercise.
Note
Free testosterone should be measured in symptomatic patients with normal total testosterone levels.
In men, there is a diurnal variation in serum testosterone with a 20% elevation in levels in the evenings.
Physiological episodic secretion of testosterone may lead to variation in serum levels.
Time of day, age, sex, puberty, pre & post menopause have an influence on testosterone concentration.
Please note test values may very depending on the assay method used.
Page 2 of 6
PO No :PO2104356416-107
Immunology
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Thyroid Profile
T3, Total 0.98 ng/mL 0.60-1.81 CLIA
T4, Total 8.1 µg/dl 4.5-12.6 CLIA
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - Ultra
1.287 uIU/ml 0.55-4.78 CLIA
Sensitive
Comment:
Below mentioned are the guidelines for pregnancy related reference ranges for TSH, total T3 & Total T4.
Pregnancy
TSH (μIU/mL) (as per
American Thyroid Total T3 (ng/mL) Total T4(μg/dL)
Association )
1st trimester 0.1-2.5 0.81-1.90 7.33-14.8
2nd trimester 0.2-3.0 1.00-2.60 7.93-16.1
3rd trimester 0.3-3.0 1.00-2.60 6.95-15.7
TSH levels are subject to circadian variation, reaching peak levels between 2 - 4.a.m. and at a minimum between 6-10 pm
.
The variation is of the order of 50%, hence time of the day has influence on the measured serum TSH concentrations.
TSH is secreted in a dual fashion: Intermittent pulses constitute 60-70% of total amount, background continuous secretion
is 30-40%.These pulses occur regularly every 1-3 hrs.
Total T3 & T4 concentrations are altered by physiological or pathological changes in thyroxine binding globulin (TBG)
capacity .
The determination of free T3 & free T4 has the advantage of being independent of changes in the concentrations and
binding properties of the binding proteins.
Changes in thyroid status are typically associated with concordant changes in T3, T4 and TSH levels.
Unexpectedly abnormal or discordant thyroid test values may be seen with some rare, but clinically significant conditions
such as central hypothyroidism, TSH-secreting pituitary tumors, thyroid hormone resistance, or the presence of
heterophilic antibodies (HAMA) or thyroid hormone autoantibodies.
For diagnostic purposes, results should be used in conjunction with other data.
TSH T3 T4 Interpretation
Page 3 of 6
PO No :PO2104356416-107
Immunology
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Page 4 of 6
PO No :PO2104356416-107
Immunology
LH & FSH
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
Interpretation: FSH and LH are glycoprotein hormones which play a critical role in maintaining the normal function of the male
and female reproductive systems.
Predicting ovulation
Evaluating infertility
Diagnosing pituitary disorders.
An adjunct in the evaluation of menstrual irregularities
Evaluating patients with suspected hypogonadism
Increased LH in :
Menopause
Polycystic Ovarian disease.
Endometriosis
Primary gonadal failure
Complete testicular feminization syndrome
Precocious puberty (either idiopathic or secondary to a central nervous system lesion)
Primary ovarian hypofunction in females
Primary hypogonadism in males
Gonadotrophin secreting pituitary tumors.
Decreased LH in :
Anorexia nervosa
Ectopic steroid hormone production
GnRH Analog treatment
Drugs(Digoxin,Oral contraceptive pills ,Phenothiazines)
Advanced Prostate cancer.
Page 5 of 6
PO No :PO2104356416-107
Immunology
LH & FSH
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Primary hypergonadism in males
Primary ovarian hyperfunction in females
In failure of pituitary or hypothalamus
Page 6 of 6
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