CONFIDENTIAL EC110/OCT 2023 – FEB 2024/ECW331

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

MARKS
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

EC110 DIPLOMA OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

ECW331 - WATER AND WASTEWATER ENGINEERING

10%
ASSIGNMENT
8 - 15 JAN 2023 (7 DAYS)
DURATION
NAME ANIS ZULAIKHA BINTI MD THANI

MATRIX NO. 2020821484

WATER AND WASTEWATER

GROUP PEC1105C1

ASSIGNMENT – ECW331
LECTURER PUAN ZURAISHAH BINTI DOLLAH

ENGINEERING
Instructions to students:
1. This is an individual assignment.
2. Marks will be given based on rubric and no marks will be given for those students who are
found to copy their answer in any manner.
3. References need to be included in the assignment at the end of the task.

DOMAIN COMPLEX TOTAL

NO CO2 : PO7 LEVEL PROBLEM MARKS

1a 4 A1-A2
DP1, DP2,
1b 8 A4 DP3,
DK3, DK4,
DK5, D K7
2 8 A5
20
DOMAIN LEVEL & MARKS ENDORSED BY:

NORA FARINA BINTI

MOHD
20
A1-A5 10% HALIM (Ts)
MARKS

RESOURCE PERSON –
ECW331 DIPLOMA OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING.
Date: 3/1/2024
CONFIDENTIAL EC110/OCT 2023 – FEB 2024/ECW331

AT THE END OF THIS ASSIGNMENT, STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

1) Revise sustainability and impact of the solution of water and wastewater engineering in
societal and environmental contact. (CO2)

2) Understand and evaluate the sustainability and impact of engineering technician work in
the solution of well-defined engineering problems in societal and environmental contexts.
(PO7)

INSTRUCTIONS:

Students are required to apply depth of knowledge acquired (DP1) to analyse and/or evaluate the
problem based on given case using specified knowledge profile of (DK3, DK4 & DK5). Which
comply with (DP2, DP3 & DP4) engineering fundamental, engineering specialist and
engineering design to solve the engineering problems. Students are required to assess the
conflicting requirements (technical, engineering and etc.) and/or propose optimal solution to
solve the problems. Involve a range depth of analysis and familiarity of issues which comply with
(DK7) comprehension - issue & approaches.

Please make sure you cite someone else ideas with proper citation and bibliography
references in making an argument, justification or deliberation when completing this task.

The citation part should follow APA style reference

e.g : Book
- Finney, J. (1970). Time and again. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
- Simmons, B. (2015, January 9). The tale of two Flaccos. Retrieved from
http://grantland.com/the-triangle/the-tale-of-two-flaccos/

Website
- Teen posed as doctor at West Palm Beach hospital: police. (2015, January 16).
Retrieved From http://www.nbcmiami.com/news/local/Teen-Posed-as-Doctor-at-West-
Palm-Beach-Hospital-Police-288810831.html

Journal
- Nevin, A. (1990). The changing of teacher education special education. Teacher
Education and Special Education: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the
Council for Exceptional Children, 13(4), 147-148.
 CONFIDENTIAL EC110/OCT 2023 – FEB 2024/ECW331

ASSIGNMENT QUESTION:

Pengurusan Air Pahang Bhd (Paip) announced a water supply disruption in Maran, resulting in the
shutdown of Maran Water Treatment Plant (MWTP) for many days. This is due to the contamination
incident in Sungai Pahang which supplies the main raw water source for MWTP. This disruption
creates public anger and complain as it brings a lot of hassle not only to the residents but also to the
commercial and industrial sectors.

On the other hand, other water problems such as destruction of water catchment areas, high water
loss/ non-revenue water (NRW), low tariffs and lack of public knowledge on water conservation have
led to Malaysia's water resources to decline. For example, Malaysia's NRW problem is not only a
technological issue, but also a matter of poor governance and management. Malaysian people are
well aware of the river pollution and drinking water contamination. However, negative impacts of
NRW issues are mostly delayed or indirect, leading to poor public awareness of this issue. Research
reveals that when it comes to water policy, organizational/authority management is one of the
solutions to the NRW problem. Based on the issues mention above;

1a) Identify FOUR (4) causes that contribute to raw water pollution/ river water contamination.
(4 marks)

1b) Discuss/explain the FOUR (4) sources of river water contamination above that affect the wastewater
quality parameters and lead to the shutdown of water treatment plants.

(8 marks)

2) Explain what is non-revenue water (NRW) and propose THREE (3) strategies to authorities and
stakeholders in reducing NRW.
(8 marks)
 CONFIDENTIAL EC110/OCT 2023 – FEB 2024/ECW331

1a) Identify FOUR (4) causes that contribute to raw water pollution/ river water contamination.

Industrial Discharges
- Improperly handled or untreated industrial effluents discharged into rivers can contain
pollutants, chemicals, and toxins, all of which contribute to water contamination.

Agricultural Runoff
- Fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides used in agriculture produce runoff, which transports
harmful substances into rivers and pollutes them.

Illegal Dumping and Solid Waste

- Uncontrolled solid waste disposal can bring pollutants into river ecosystems. This includes
the discharge of plastics, toxic items, and other debris.

Sewage and Wastewater Discharges

- Regardless from home or industrial sources, improperly treated sewage and wastewater can
bring pollutants, organic matter, and pathogens into rivers, decreasing the quality of the
water.
 CONFIDENTIAL EC110/OCT 2023 – FEB 2024/ECW331

1b) Discuss/explain the FOUR (4) sources of river water contamination above that affect the wastewater
quality parameters and lead to the shutdown of water treatment plants.

Industrial Discharges
- Uncontrolled industrial emissions impact wastewater quality indicators by introducing
chemicals and pollutants. These pollutants have the potential to overwhelm water treatment
facilities, requiring shutdowns to reduce the possibility of contaminated water spreading.

Agricultural Runoff
- Nutrients and pollutants from agricultural runoff clog water treatment procedures. In order to
prevent supplying contaminated water, treatment facilities may be forced to temporarily close
due to elevated levels of certain contaminants.

Illegal Dumping and Solid Waste

- Pollutants that result from improper disposal threaten water quality standards. In order to
avoid processing polluted water, water treatment plants may have to close down in the event
of hazardous materials and debris presence.

Sewage and Wastewater Discharges

- Water quality parameters are impacted when sewage and wastewater are not properly
treated, releasing diseases and contaminants into rivers. Shutting down water treatment
facilities may be necessary due to high pollutant concentrations to reduce the risk of
providing contaminated water.

Hence, to protect raw water sources and preserve the integrity of water treatment facilities, addressing
these sources of contamination needs a multifaceted strategy that includes tougher laws, better waste
management, and improved wastewater treatment methods.
 CONFIDENTIAL EC110/OCT 2023 – FEB 2024/ECW331

2) Explain what non-revenue water (NRW) is and propose THREE (3) strategies to authorities and
stakeholders in reducing NRW.

Water that is wasted before it may be used by consumers or used to make money for water companies
is known as non-revenue water (NRW). Leaks, theft, or inaccurate measurement might all result in this
loss. Reducing net regional water deficit (NRW) provides a more sustainable use of water resources
and contributes to increased efficiency in water management.

THREE (3) strategies to authorities and stakeholders in reducing NRW:

Leak Detection and Repair:

- To quickly identify and locate water leaks in the distribution system, use advanced methods
like acoustic sensors and data analytics. Create a proactive maintenance program to
minimize water loss through rapidly repairing leaks that are found.

Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Upgrading:

- To lower physical losses, make investments in the renovation and repair of aged water
infrastructure. Water waste can be reduced, and leaks can be avoided by upgrading valves,
pipelines, and other parts of the system.

Metering and Monitoring Systems:

- To properly measure and track water consumption, use remote monitoring systems and
smart metering machines. This enables rapid action to reduce losses and enhance overall
water management by assisting in the identification of unusual patterns suggestive of leaks or
unauthorized usage.
 CONFIDENTIAL EC110/OCT 2023 – FEB 2024/ECW331

References

Website

- What are the Causes of Water Pollution? https://online.ecok.edu/articles/causes-of-water-

pollution/
- Water Pollution Definition - Types, Causes, Effects https://www.nrdc.org/stories/water-
pollution-everything-you-need-know
- Wastewater Treatment for Pollution Control | Saving Earth
https://www.britannica.com/explore/savingearth/wastewater-treatment
- 10 ways to reduce Water Loss and NRW https://www.avkvalves.com/en/gain-
knowledge/water-worldwide/10-ways-to-reduce-water-loss-and-nrw
- Addressing non-revenue water as a global problem and its ...
https://iwaponline.com/wpt/article/doi/10.2166/wpt.2023.157/98008/Addressing-non-revenue-
water-as-a-global-problem
- What is NRW / Water Loss? - AVK Group https://www.avkvalves.com/en/gain-
knowledge/water-worldwide/about-
nrw#:~:text=Non%2Drevenue%20water%20is%20basically,well%20as%20local%20resource
s%20available.
- Non-revenue water https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-revenue_water
 CONFIDENTIAL EC110/OCT 2022 – FEB 2023/ECW331

ASSIGNMENT ASSESSMENT/
RUBRIC MARKS
RUBRIC’S
N MARKS
DOMAIN ELEMENT
O
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
DP 1 – DEPTH
OF
KNOWLEDGE Analyses the causes/issues that contribute to the problem
/
DK3-
ENGINEERIN
G
FUNDAMENT
AL
A1-A2
Students are
(Responding) required to apply
depth of Able to
Identify FOUR (4) knowledge identify ONE
causes that acquired (DP1) to Not able to (1) problem/
contribute to raw identify and causes/ Able to identify Able to Able to Able to identify
evaluate the identify ONE (1) TWO (2) identify identify FOUR FOUR (4)
1a water pollution/ problem/causes/ issue that
problem based on problem/causes/ THREE (3) (4) problem/
river water given case using issue that contributes to
contamination. river water issue that problem/ problem/ causes/issue
specified contributes to
knowledge profile contamination contributes to causes/ causes/issue that contribute
river water river water issue that that contribute to river water
of DK3, DK4, DK5
contamination contamination contributes to to river water contamination
river water contamination with excellent
contamination explanations

DP 2-RANGE
OF Able to discuss the wastewater quality parameter that contribute to the problem
CONFLICTING
A4 (Organizing) REQUIREMENT
Discuss/explain the Able to Able to Able to Able to
FOUR (4) sources Able to discuss discuss/evaluate
Students are discuss/evaluate discuss/evaluate
of river water discuss/ /evaluate FOUR (4)
required to Not able to ONE (1) TWO (2)
contamination evaluate THREE (3) sources of
discuss sources discuss/evaluate sources of sources of
above that affect the of river water ONE (1) sources river water
sources of river river water river water
1b wastewater quality contamination sources of of river contamination
water contamination contamination
parameters and that affect the river water water that affect the
contamination that affect the that affect the
lead to the wastewater contamination contamina wastewater
quality that affect the wastewater wastewater
shutdown of water that affect the tion that quality
parameters and wastewater quality quality
treatment plants. wastewater affect the parameters.
lead to the quality parameters. parameters.
quality wastewat Justification is
shutdown of parameters Justification is Justification is
water treatment parameters er quality explained
explained explained
plants. DK3, averagely on acceptably on parameter excellently on
DK4, DK5 the sources. the sources. s. the sources.
Justification
is explained
excellently
on the
sources.
 CONFIDENTIAL EC110/OCT 2022 – FEB 2023/ECW331

DP 3– DEPTH
A5 OF
Ability to evaluate and propose solution with scientific and engineering facts
(Characterization) ANALYSIS-
Explain what is non- Which comply Able to explain Able to explain Able to
revenue water with (DK7) Not able to Able to explain Able to explain issue and issue and explain issue
(NRW) and propose comprehensio explain and issue or propose issue and propose/ propose/ and propose/
THREE (3) strategies propose the ONE (1) propose/
to authorities and n evaluate TWO evaluate evaluate
stakeholders in - issue & relevant relevant evaluate ONE (2) relevant THREE (3) THREE (3)
2 solution and solution and (1) relevant
reducing NRW. approaches solutions and relevant prime
. backup the backup the solutions and backup the solutions and solutions and
argument with arguments with backup the arguments with backup the backup the
Students are technical and technical and arguments with technical and arguments with arguments
required to engineering engineering technical and engineering technical and with technical
explain NRW facts facts engineering
and propose facts engineering and
facts facts engineering
strategies to
authorities and facts
stakeholders in
reducing NRW.

Endorsed by RP:
Total
Evaluated By:

20