雅思 7.

5+分数段长难句分析
1. And it was because of this fast-flowing water that this site was a natural place for
manufacturing works. （C4-1-2）

解析：此句为强调句。It is/was+被强调内容+that/who+剩余部分。此句强调的原因，学生要
熟悉强调句的构成方式，有意识的学会使用。

2. The water and the availability of raw materials in the area, like minerals and iron ore, and also
the abundance of local fuels, like coal and firewood, all made this site suitable for industry
from a very early time. （C4-1-2）

解析：此句看上去长，但是成分没有那么复杂。由 and 引导的两个短语做并列主语，分别是

The water and the availability of raw materials 以及 the abundance of local fuels，两个主语后面
分别跟了两个 like 短语作为插入语，主句的谓语动词是 made，宾语是 this site, 宾语补足语
是 suitable for industry from a very early time.

3 But then the steam engine was invented and then the railways came and the centers of industry
were able to move away from the rivers and the countryside and into the towns. （C4-1-2）

解析： 此句为并列句，由 and 引导。第一个简单句的主语是 steam engine，谓语是 invent，

用了一般过去时的被动语态。第二个简单句的主语是 the railways，came 做谓语，时态还是
一般过去时。第三个简单句的主语是 the railways，be 动词 were 做谓语，后面跟了一个固定
搭配的短语 be able to do sth 表示有能力做某事，后面还有一个短语叫做 move away from
somewhere into somewhere.

4 Now, in the top right-hand corner, that building with bigger windows is the Showroom, where
samples of all the tools that were made through the ages are on display. （C4-1-2）

解析：此句为复合句。严格意义上说，building 前面的 that 是完全不需要的。因此，building

是主语，with 介宾短语做 building 的后置定语，be 动词 is 做谓语，the Showroom 做表语，
后面跟由 where 引导的定语从句，定语从句中 samples of all the tools 做主语，be 动词 are 做
谓语，on display 做标语，
而 that were made through the ages 这又是一个定语从句，
修饰 tools。

5 Sounds like you should have started borrowing books a bit earlier. （C4-1-3）

解析：此句为复合句。首先，省略了形式主语 It, 谓语动词是 sound，后面紧跟省略 that 的

宾语从句，宾语从句中有一个句法现象需要提及一下，情态动词(should)+have+done 表示本
应该做某事但实际却没有做，很地道的表达方式，学生要学会使用。

6 Well, yes, it is possible, but extensions are normally given only for medical or compassionate
reasons, otherwise it is really a question of organizing your study, and we don’t like giving
extensions to students who simply didn’t plan their work properly. （C4-1-3）
解析：此句为并列复合句，虽然长，但是结构并不复杂。先是分别由连词 but 和 otherwise
连接三个分句，最后由 and 引导最后一个并列句，而最后一个并列句中包含了一个由 who
引导的定语从句，修饰 students.

7 I don’t think I will need too much extra time, as long as I can get hold of some of the important
references. （C4-1-3）

解析： 此句为复合句。先是由 think 引导的省略 that 的宾语从句，宾语从句中的主句 I will

need too much extra time，后面紧跟由 as long as 引导的条件状语从句。

8 It is just the bar graph showing reasons why people change where they live. （C4-1-3）

解析：此句虽然短，但是是有些复杂的复合句。整体是主系表结构，it 主语，is 谓语，bar

graph 表语，表语后面跟现在分词 showing reasons 对表语进行补充说明，
后面再跟定语从句，
修饰 reasons，定语从句中又包含了一个有 where 引导的宾语从句，做 change 的宾语。

9 The main difference between a tree and a building is a tree has got an internal mechanism to
keep the temperature regulated. （C4-1-4）

解析：主句是主系表结构，the main difference 是主语，is 谓语动词，后面跟一个表语从句，

严格意义来讲，标语从句中的 that 不能省略，所以此句有些不规范。表语从句中的成为就比
较简单了，是主谓宾的结构。

10 The reason that high buildings make it windier at the ground level is that, as the wind goes
higher and higher, it goes faster and faster. （C4-1-4）

解析：此句为复合句，有些复杂。主句的主语是 the reason, 后面紧跟由 that 引导的定语从

句一直到 level, 解释 reason 的内容，is 是主句的谓语，然后 that 引导表语从句，表语从句
中又是主从复合句，主句的主语是 it，goes 是谓语，而 as 引导原因状语从句。

11 Trees filter the wind and considerably reduce it, preventing those very large strong gusts that
you so often find around tall buildings. （C4-1-4）

解析：此句为复合句。Trees 做主语，filter 和 reduce 做双谓语， wind 是宾语，preventing 现

在分词做伴随状语，因形式主语和主句主语一样，还是 tree, 并且是主动的逻辑关系，所以
用现在分词，而不是用过去分词, those very large strong gusts 做 preventing 的宾语，后面的
that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 gusts，先行词在定语从句中充当 find 的宾语。

12 Then, for the second part of the assignment, we have to choose one method of data collection,
and carry out a small-scale study, making appropriate use of the method chosen to gather data
from at least five subjects. （C4-2-3）

解析：此句为并列句，由连词 and 引导。And 引导的前后两句话很容易理解，不会产生什么

歧义，值得一提的是现在分词 making 的使用，making 的逻辑主语应该是前两句话的宾语
data collection 和 small-scale study， 因为主动的逻辑关系，所以用现在分词，make use of
sth 固定短语搭配，表示利用某事情，method 是宾语，后面紧跟过去分词 chosen, 可以理解
为宾语补足语，因其实被动的逻辑关系，所以用过去分词。

13 As part of our project, we carried out a survey of people in the street, and the thing that camp
up over and over again is that people don’t think it is easy enough to recycle their waste. （C5-3-
4）

解析: 此句为复合并列句。上来先是介宾短语作为状语，紧跟主谓宾从句，然后连词 and 引

导另外一句话，在第二句话中 the thing 做主语，紧跟由 that 引导的定语从句修饰 the thing，
第二个主句的主语是 is, 后面跟由 that 引导的表语从句，表语从句中 people 做主语，think
做谓语，后面紧跟省略 that 引导的宾语从句，宾语从句中是主系表结构，it 做形式主语。

14 One problem here is taking out everything that shouldn’t have been placed in the recycling
containers. （C5-3-4）

解析：此句为复合句。主句是主谓宾结构，时态是现在进行时。宾语是不定代词 everything，
因此后面的定语从句由 that 引导，在定语从句中又一个次出现了情态动词 should+have+done
的用法，表示本应该做某事却没做，但是此句是否定，因此表示本不应该做某事却做了。

15 But these problems have now been solved, and Martin’s, based in South London, produces a
range of office stationery which is 100% recycled, costs the same as normal paper and is of equally
high quality. （C5-3-4）

解析： 此句为并列复合句。此句并不是很复杂，值得提及的一点是 Martin’s 是第二个并列

分局的主语，based in south London 可以理解为插入语，也可以理解为后置定语，谓语动词
produce，宾语是 office stationery，后面紧跟由 which 引导的定语从句，在定语从句为出现了
三个并列谓语，分别是 is, cost 和 is, 他们的主语都是先行词 office stationery，of+名词=形容
词。

16 Over a third of the waste paper that comes in can’t be used in the recycled paper, leaving the
question of what to do with it. （C5-3-4）

解析：此句为复合句。Over a third of the waste paper 是主句主语，that 引导定语从句，used

是主句谓语，使用了被动语态，后面跟现在分词 leaving，因其逻辑关系是主动因此用现在分
词，question 做 leaving 的宾语，of 引导介宾短语。

17 Mainline trains also offer direct services to Bristol, where you can visit the docks or spend a
great day out with the children in the zoo, which is set in the parkland that used to surround the
old castle. （C6-2-2）

解析： 此句为复合句。主句主语是 Mainline trains， 谓语是 offer, 宾语是 direct services to

Bristol，后面紧跟由关系副词引导的定语从句，而这个定语从句中又套了第二个定语从句，
先行词是 zoo, 后面跟由 which 引导的定语从句，在这个定语从句中又套了第三个定语从句，
先行词是 parkland，后面紧跟由 that 引导的定语从句。

18 But the Castle Road site has books on the sociology of education and a collection of textbooks
and teaching resources covering most of the subjects taught in secondary schools. （C6-2-2）
解析：此句为复合句。主语是 the Castle Road site，谓语是 has，宾语是 books, 介词 on 引导
介宾短语，所以 on 的宾语有三个，分别是 sociology of education，a collection of textbooks 以
及 teaching resources，后面紧跟现在分词，因逻辑关系是主动。

19 The majority of students say that they enjoy using it because it provides a variation on the
classroom routine and they see it as a petty major component of their course, but we would like
to see some improvements to the equipment, particularly the computers. (C9-2-3)

解析：此句为并列句，虽然很长，但是成分不复杂。The majority of students 主句主语，say

是谓语，后面跟由 that 引导的宾语从句，宾语从句中存在几个并列句，先是第一个分句 they
enjoy using it， 后面跟由 because 引导的原因状语从句，然后连词 and 连接另外一个句子，
第二个分句中的 as 是介词，是当作的意思，然后转折连词 but 引导最后一个分句。

雅思听力题型汇总
笔记填空题 （Notes） 4-1-1 4-1-4 4-2-1 4-2-3 4-2-4 4-3-1 4-3-2 4-3-4 4-4-1 4-4-
4 5-1-1 5-1-2 5-2-1 5-2-4 5-3-1 5-3-2 5-3-3 5-4-1 5-4-3 6-1-1 6-2-1 6-3-1
6-3-3 6-4-1 7-1-1 7-1-2 7-1-3 7-1-4 7-2-1 7-3-1 7-3-2 7-3-3 7-3-4 7-4-1 7-4-
4 8-1-1 8-1-4 8-2-1 8-3-1 8-3-2 8-3-4 8-4-1 8-4-4 9-1-1 9-1-2 9-1-4 9-2-1
9-2-2 9-2-3 9-2-4 9-3-3 9-3-4 9-4-2 10-1-1 10-1-2 10-1-3 10-1-4 10-2-1 10-2-
4 10-3-1 10-3-4 10-4-1 10-4-4

表格填空题（Table）4-1-1 4-2-3 4-3-4 4-4-2 4-4-3 5-1-2 5-2-3 5-3-4 5-4-2 6-1-1
6-1-2 6-1-3 6-1-4 6-2-1 6-2-2 6-2-3 6-4-2 7-2-2 7-2-3 7-2-4 7-3-1 7-4-2 7-4-
3 8-2-1 8-3-1 8-3-2 9-2-2 9-3-1 9-3-2 9-4-1 9-4-4 10-1-1 10-4-1 10-4-2

单选题，多选题 （Multiple Choice) 4-1-3 4-2-1 4-2-2 4-2-3 4-2-4 4-3-1 4-3-2 4-3-3
4-3-4 4-4-2 4-4-4 5-1-1 5-1-3 5-2-2 5-3-2 5-4-3 5-4-4 6-1-3 6-1-4 6-2-2 6-2-
4 6-3-2 6-3-4 6-4-3 6-4-4 7-1-2 7-1-3 7-2-3 7-2-4 7-3-2 7-3-4 7-4-2 7-4-4
8-1-1 8-1-2 8-1-3 8-2-2 8-2-3 8-2-4 8-3-1 8-3-3 8-3-4 8-4-2 8-4-3 9-1-2 9-1-
3 9-2-2 9-3-2 9-3-4 9-4-1 9-4-3 9-4-4 10-1-2 10-1-3 10-2-2 10-2-3 10-3-2
10-3-3 10-4-2 10-4-3 10-4-4

简答题 5-2-2 6-4-3 7-2-2 7-4-1 9-4-3

配对题 （Matching） ，4-1-3 4-4-3 5-4-3 5-4-4 6-1-2 6-4-2 7-3-3 7-4-3 8-2-4 8-3-
3 8-4-4 9-3-2 9-4-2 10-2-2 10-3-2 10-3-3 10-4-3

流程图（Flow Chart）8-4-3
地图题（Map）、4-1-2 6-3-2 7-2-2 7-4-2 8-2-2 8-4-2 9-2-2

图表题（Diagram）4-1-3 7-3-3 9-4-2

完成句子（sentence completion)、4-2-1 4-3-1 5-1-1 5-1-4 5-3-4 5-4-2 6-1-1 6-2-2

6-2-4 6-3-2 6-3-3 6-3-4 6-4-4 7-1-3 7-4-3 8-1-2 8-1-3 9-4-3

摘要题（summary）5-1-3 6-1-3 6-4-3 8-2-3