FOUNDING OF THE LA

LIGA FILIPINA AND

DAPITAN EXILE
Learning Outcomes:
Analyze the rationale of the founding of the La Liga
Filipina
Assess the factors that led to Rizal’s exile in Dapitan;
and
Examine the significance of Rizal’s exile to the local
populace.
 Founding of the
La Liga Filipina
• July 3, 1892- after his interview with
Gov. Despujol, Rizal together with
some patriots had a meeting at the home
of Doroteo Ongjungco, a Chinese-
Filipino mestizo, on Ilaya St., Tondo,
Manila.
Doroteo Ongjungco
 Attendees of the meeting:
Pedro Serrano Laktaw (Panday Pira) Domingo Franco (Felipe Real)
a mason and a school teacher a mason and a shoe keeper

Here, Rizal introduced the Liga Filipina,

a civic league of Filipinos.

Jose A. Ramos (Socorro) Ambrosio Salvador

an engraver, printer Gobernadorcillo of
and owner of Bazar Gran Bretana Quiapo, a mason
 Attendees of the meeting:
Deodato Arellano, brother in law of
Bonifacio Arevalo (Harem), a MH Del Pilar and a civilian employee
dentist and mason of the army

Ambrosio Flores (Musa), a

retired lieutenant of infantry

Agustin de la Rosa, Luis Villareal, a tailor and

bookkeeper and mason mason
 Attendees of the meeting:
Faustino Villaruel (Ilaw), a Mariano Crisostomo, a
pharmacist and mason landlord

Numeriano Adriano (Ipil), a

notary public and Estanislao Legaspi, an
mason artisan and mason
 Attendees of the meeting:
Teodoro Plata, a court clerk Andres Bonifacio, a warehouse
and mason employee

Apolinario Mabini (Katabay), Juan Zulueta, a playwright,

a lawyer and poet, and government
mason employee
 The Elected Officers:

President: Ambrosio Secretary: Deodato Treasurer: Bonifacio Fiscal: Agustin dela Rosa
Salvador Arellano Arevalo
 Aims of the La Liga Filipina:
Mutual protection in
02
01 To unite the whole
archipelago into onecompact, every want and
vigorous, and homogenous necessity
body

03 Defense against all

violence and injustice
05
04 Encouragement of Study and
instruction, agriculture, application of
and commerce reforms
 Motto: Unus Instar Omnium
(One Like All)
Governing Body of the La Liga Filipina:
THE SUPREME COUNCIL: the governing body which has
control over the whole country
– It is composed of the president, secretary, treasurer and fiscal
PROVINCIAL COUNCIL: formed in every province
– The Provincial Council shall have command of the Popular Chiefs.
POPULAR COUNCIL: formed in every town
– The Popular Council only shall have command of the members.
 DUTIES OF THE LIGA
MEMBERS:
1. Pay monthly dues of ten centavos.
2. Obey blindly and promptly every order emanating from the Council or
the Chief.
3. Inform the Council of whatever they note or hear that has reference to the
Liga Filipina.
4. Preserve the most absolute secrecy in regard to the decisions of the
Council.
5. Help another member in the case of need or danger
6.Each member shall adopt a new name of his own choice
7.Help recruit new members.
8.Treat everyone with respect.
 RIZAL’S ARREST AND
BANISHMENT
July 6, 1892- when Rizal went to Malacañang to
resume his interviews with the Gov. Despujol, the
latter showed him several printed leaflets allegedly
discovered under the pillow of his sister Lucia.
These were entitled “Pobres Frailes” (Poor Friars)
which bore the name of the author P. Jacinto.
A satire exposing the fabulous wealth of the friars
contrary to the vows of poverty.
 REASONS FOR RIZAL’S
DEPORTATION
Rizal published books and articles abroad which showed
disloyalty to Spain which were anti-Catholic and anti-friar
Found bundles of incriminatory leaflets which satirized the
friars
Published and dedicated his novel El Filibusterismo to the
three martyred “traitors”
 REASONS FOR RIZAL’S
DEPORTATION
Between July 14 and 15, 1892- under heavy guard, Rizal was
brought to the steamer CEBU to be brought to Dapitan.
The Captain of the ship was Capt. Delgras, who upon arrival
in Dapitan on July 17, turned him over to Captain Ricardo
Carnicero, the Dapitan Commandant.
Rizal would stay here until July 31, 1896, a period of four years.
 THE
DAPITAN
EXILE
THE DAPITAN EXILE (1892-1896)
Rizal lived as exile in Dapitan, Zamboanga del
Norte, under the aegis of the Jesuits.
He was abundantly fruitful with varied
achievements:
-Practiced medicine
-Pursued scientific studies
-Kept his literary works
-Enhanced linguistic acumen
THE DAPITAN EXILE (1892-1896)
Dapitan Achievements: (Cont.)
-Established a school for boys
-Promoted community development projects
-Invented a brick-making machine
-Engaged in farming and commerce
THE DAPITAN EXILE (1892-1896)
Conditions for him to stay at the Parish Convent:
Publicly retract errors committed vs. the
Church and the government
Perform church rites and make general
confessions
Conduct himself as a model Christian and man
 FRIENDSHIP WITH CAPT.
CARNICERO

Rizal refused to abide with the

conditions set by the Jesuit
Society.
He preferred to stay at the Casa
Real, the official residence of the
commandant, Capt. Carnicero,
his warden.
A new friendship developed
Capt. Ricardo Carnicero
between them.
The relations between Carnicero (the warden)
and Rizal (the prisoner) were warm and friendly.
Carnicero realized that Rizal was not a
common felon, nor a filibuster.
He gave good reports on his prisoner to Gov.
Despujol.
He gave him complete freedom to go anywhere,
reporting only once a week at his office.
Rizal on his part, admired the kind, and generous
Spanish Captain.
He wrote a poem, entitled “A Don Ricardo
Carnicero,”
on August 26, 1892 on the occasion of the captain's
birthday.
They even shared in buying a Lottery Ticket No. 9736
that won second prize worth P20,000 which was divided
between the 3 of them: Capt. Carnicero, Jose Rizal and
Francisco Equilor.
FRIENDSHIP WITH CAPT.
CARNICERO

They divided the prize

and got P6,200 each.
Rizal gave P2,000 to
Jose Ma. Basa in
Hongkong, the rest was
used to buy farm lands in
Talisay, Dapitan.
 BIRTH OF THE KATIPUNAN
Right after Rizal was deported to Dapitan, the Liga
members had a meeting to discuss the future of the
organization
The group of patriots was divided into two factions:
1. The Los Compromisarios - those who are conservative
members of the La Liga Filipina and still willing to
demand reforms and compromise with the Spanish
government.
 2.The Separatists -patriots who wanted to launch an armed
rebellion to achieve independence from the colonizers.
On July 7, 1891, the Katipunan was founded on Azcarraga
St. (C.M. Recto) in the house of Deodato Arellano.
Founders of KKK were:
Andres Bonifacio
Teodoro Plata
Ladislao Diwa

(left to right)
 RIZAL-PASTELLS RELIGIOUS
DEBATES
Fr. Pablo Pastells sent Rizal a book
Sarda advising the latter to refrain
from being proud and too
judgmental
Rizal’s letters revealed his anti-
Catholic ideas caused by the abuses
committed against his family and
people
He criticized the friars for using
Fr. Pablo Pastells their religious authority to oppress
and abuse other people
He said that individual judgment is a gift
from God and everyone should use it to
light his way; that self-esteem if used
moderately, saves man from unworthy acts.
He further argued that pursuit of truth
has different paths, thus, religions may
vary, but they all lead to the light.
Fr. Pastells tried to win back Rizal to the fold of
Catholicism.
He admonished Rizal that divine faith supersedes
everything: reason, self-esteem and individual
judgment.
No matter how intelligent a man is, his intelligence
is limited; he still needs God’s guidance.
He failed to convince Rizal
 AN ABORTED DUEL
Juan Lardet, a French businessman who was a personal
acquaintance of Rizal had a quarrel that almost ended
up in a duel.
Reasons:
Lardet bought logs from Rizal
Found some of the logs to be of poor quality
Accused Rizal as a cheater
Lardet wrote a letter to Antonio Miranda,
a Dapitan merchant expressing disgust
over the business deal he had with Rizal
Miranda sent the letter to Rizal
Rizal confronted Lardet and challenged
him to a duel
The Frenchman asked for an apology
JESUIT MISSION: “WIN RIZAL BACK”

Fr. Pastells instructed two Jesuit fathers to proceed

to Mindanao on a mission “Win Rizal Back to the
Catholic fold”
-Fr. Obach, Dapitan parish priest
-Fr. Jose Vilaclara, Dipolog parish priest
Fr. Francisco Sanchez was also assigned to proceed
to Dapitan.
 JESUIT MISSION: “WIN RIZAL
BACK”

Fr. Sanchez was chosen by the

Jesuit superiors being a well-liked
professor of Rizal
He wasn’t able to persuade Rizal
He respected whatever Rizal
believed in
Rizal gave Fr. Sanchez a
manuscript “Estudios Sobre la
FR. FRANCISCO SANCHEZ Lengua Tagala” on the latter’s
birthday.
DAPITAN MEDICAL
PRACTICE
Dr. Jose Rizal treated both the
rich and the poor patients
coming from everywhere.
He treated the poor free of
charge while the rich are asked
payments for consultation and
medicine.
His name became famous here
and abroad.
RIZAL’S COMMUNITY PROJECTS

1.Developed the Dapitan Municipal Park

-Clean and green
-Beautification
-A Relief Map
2. Equipped the town with a lighting system using
coconut oil
3. Constructed the first water system using bamboo
pipelines
RELIEF MAP OF MINDANAO
RIZAL, THE EDUCATOR AND
SCIENTIST
Rizal believed in the
power of education in
the human
transformation.
In 1893, he established
a school for boys for
free.
 He also engaged in scientific researches:
collecting various species of plant and
animal life which he sent to his friends
abroad.
the Draco rizali, a small lizard popularly
known as a flying dragon;
Apogonia rizali, a rare kind of beetle; and
the Rhacophorus rizali, a peculiar frog species.
 Draco rizali

Apogania Rizali

Rhacophorus Rizali
RIZAL, THE INVENTOR AND
SCULPTOR
As an inventor, Rizal
made a lighter that ignites
through stones; and a
brick maker machine.
A lighter called "sulpakan"
which he gave to a friend
as a birthday gift
RIZAL, THE INVENTOR AND
SCULPTOR
As an artist, he carved a
number of sculptures:
1. “The Mother’s Revenge” a
tribute to his dog Syria, whose
child was killed by a crocodile
2. “The Dapitan Girl”
3. Josephine’s Image
4. Busts of Fr. Guerrico and St.
Paul
 PERIOD OF PAIN
Unhappy Days in Dapitan:
He missed his family; until his mother, three sisters
and nephews arrived and stayed with him
He was sad because of the plight of his family, the
country and the people
He had no opportunity to see Leonor when she died
in August 1893
A Beautiful Stranger
In his darkest moments in
Dapitan, an 18-year old Irish
girl arrived in Dapitan
She’s Josephine Bracken, whose
mother died in childbirth.
She is adopted by Mr. George
Taufer, who later became blind.
The two came to the Philippines
to have Mr. Taufer’s eyes be
cured
 DAPITAN WRITINGS
“Himno a Talisay” (Hymn to the Talisay Tree) – a
hymn/poem written in tribute to a tree to which a
town was named after; where Rizal often stayed.
Rizal and his students have always used the talisay
tree as a meeting place
In gratitude, the students would always sing the
hymn.
 DAPITAN WRITINGS
“Mi Retiro” (My Retreat) –depicts Rizal’s
life as an exile in Dapitan
“Canto del Viajero” (Song of the Traveler) –
a poem celebrating his renewed opportunity
to travel abroad and end of his exile in
Dapitan
 TO BE
CONTINUED....
NEXT TOPIC: 1896 REVOLUTION;
END OF EXILE; ARREST TRIAL
AND MARTYRDOM