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Note that the rewards for each month will be declared in the first week of next month on our website, https://bit.ly/review-reward-disha. ee Write To ae DISHA Us At raat Publication Inc feedback_disha@aiets.co.in4 SE lass: some Basic Concepts of Chemistry A-1- A-12 Topic-1: Significant Figures, Laws of Chemical ‘Combinations and Mole Concept ‘Topic-2: Percent Composition and Empirical Formula, ‘Topic-3: Stoichiometric Calculations Structure of Atom Topic-1: Atomic Models and Dual Electromagnetic Radiation “Topic-2: Bohr's Model for Hydrogen Atom (Emission and Absorption Spectra) Topic-3: Dual Behaviour of Matter and Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Topic-4: Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom. Classification of Elements and A-26--A-33 Periodicity in Properties Topic-1: Modem Periodic Table Topic-2: Periodic Trends in Properties of Elements Chemical Bonding and A-34- A-54 Molecular Structure Topic-1: Electrovalent, Covalent and Co-ordinate Bonding Octet Rule, Resonance and Hydrogen. Bonding ‘Topic-3: Dipole Moement and Bond Polarity Topic-4: VSEPR Theory and Hybridisation opic-5: Valence Bond and Molecular Orbital Theory States of Matter A-55 ~ AGS Gas Laws and Ideal Gas Equation A-13 - A-25 Nature of Topic-2. Topic: opic-2: Kinetic Theory of Gases and Molecular Speeds ‘opic-3: van der Waals Equation and Liquefaction of Gases Topic-4: Liquid State ‘Thermodynamics A-66 - A-79 Topic-1: First. Law and Fundamentals of ‘Thermodynamics ‘Topic-2: Law of Thermochemistry “Topic-3: EntropyandSecondLawofThermodynamics opic-4° Spontaneity and Gibb’s Free Eneray Equilibrium A-B0 - A-99 Topic-1: Law of Mass Action, Equilibrium Constant (K, and K,) and its Application Topic-2: Relation between K, Q and G and Factors Effecting Equilibrium ‘Topic-3: Theories of Acids and Bases, Ionic Product of Water and pH Scale ‘Topic-4: lonisation of Weak Acids and Bases and Relation between K, and K, opic-5: Common lon Effect, Salt Hydrolysis, Buffer Solutions and Solubility Product 8. Redox Reactions ‘A-100 - A-104 Topic-1: Oxidation and Reduction Reactions Topic-2: Oxidation Number opic-3: Disproportionation and Balancing of Redox Reactions opic-A: Electrode Potential and Oxidising, Reducing Agents 9. Hydrogen ‘A-105 - A-108 ‘Topic-1: Preparation and Properties of Hydrogen Fopic-2: Preparation and Properties of Water ‘Topic-3: Preparation and Properties of Hydrogen Peroxirle 10. The s-Block Elements A109 - A-117 TTopic-1: Preparation and Properties of Alkali Metals and their Compounds ‘Some Important Compounds of Sodium Preparation and Properties of Alkaline Earth Metals and their Compounds Topic-4: Some Important Compounds of Calcium 11. The p -Block Elements A-L18 - A124 (Group 13 and 14) Topic-1: Boron Family Topic-2: Carbon Family 42. Organic Chemistry - Some Basic A-125 - A-141 Principles and Techniques Topic-1: Classification and Nomenclature of Organic ‘Compounds ‘Topic-2: tsomerism in Organic Compounds Fopic-3: Concept of Reaction Mechanism in Organic ‘Compounds 13. Hydrocarbons Topic-1: Alkanes Topic-2: Alkenes ‘Topic-3: Alkynes Topic-4: Aromatic Hydrocarbons 14. Environmental Chemistry Topic-1: Air Pollution Topic-2: Water and Soil Pollution Topic-2: Topic-3: ‘A-142 - A-164 A-165 - A-1681. The Solid State Topic-1: Properties and Types of Solids Topic-2: Crystal Structure of Solids Topic-3: Cubic System and Packing Etficiency Topic-4: Imperfection in Solids 2. Solutions B-l-B.8 B-9-B-20 Solubility and Concentration of Solutions /apour Pressure, Law of Solutions, Ideal and Non-ideal solutions Topic-3: Coligative Properties and Abnormal Molecular Masses 3. Electrochemistry Topic-1: Conductance and Conductivity Topic-2: Electrolysis and Faraday's Law Topic-3: Cells and Electrode Potential Nemst Equation Topic-4: Commercial Cells and Corrosion 4. Chemical Kinetics B-35-B-51 Topic-1:Rate of Reaction, Rate Laws and Rate Constant ‘Topic-2: Order of Reaction and Half Life Period Topic-3: Theories of Rate of Reaction 5. Surface Chemistry Topic-1: Adsorption Topic-2: Catalysis and Theories of Catalysis Topic-3: Colloids and Emulsion 6. General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements. Topic-1: Occurrence of Metals Topic-; Metallurgical Processes Topic-3: Purification of Uses of Metals 7. The p-Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 and 18) Topic-1; Nitrogen Family Topi Oxygen Family Topic-3: Halogen Family Topic-4: Noble Gases 8. The d- and f- Block Elements B-79 - B-91 Topic-1: Characteristic of d-Block Elements Topic-2: Compounds of Transition Metals Topic-3: Lanthanoids and Actinoids B-21 -B-34 8-52 -B.57 8-63 - B-78 9, 14. 15, 16. Let e Paper Code E-2 Le Ocean) Disha's 36 Years Coleg 10. - Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers . Aldehydes, Ketones and . Amines Class XII Coordination Compounds Topic-1: Coordination Number, Nomen, 'somerism of Coordinationcoy Topic-2: Magnetic Moment, Valence and Crystal Field Theory Topic-3: Metal Carbonyls and its Uses Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 111 - B.129 ‘Topic-1: Preparation and Properties of Haloalkanes Topic-2: Preparation and Properties of Haloarenes Topic-3: Some Important Polyhalogen Compounds B-92-B.119 \clature and mpounds Bond Theory B-123 - B-140 Topic-1: Preparation and Properties of Alcohols Topic-2: Preparation and Properties of Phenols ‘Topic-3: Preparation and Properties of Ethers B-141 - B-169 Carboxylic Acids Topic-1; Methods of Preparation of Carbonyl Compounds Topic-2: Properties of Carbonyl Compounds Topic-3: Preparation and Properties of Carboxylic Acids B-170 - B-185 Topic-1; Aliphatic and Aromatic Amines Topic-2; Amides, Cyanides and Isocyanides Topic-3: Nitrocompounds, Alkyl Nitrites Diazonium Salts Biomolecules Topic-1: Carbohydrates and Lipids Topic-2: Amino Acids and Proteins Topic-3: Nucleic Acid and Enzymes Topic-4: Vitamins and Hormones Polymers Topic-1: Classification of Polymers Topic-2: Preparation and Properties of Polymers Topic-3; Uses of Polymers cnaiicey in Everyday Life 8-206 - B-208 Topic-1; Drugs and their Classification Topic-2: Cleansing Agents and B-186 - B-197 B-198 - B-205 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 8) 2) 8/8) a) 3 Slalsle alal¢e/elsle]s alee ala ala] e]a alelel|alalala 53 | #4 | 85 | 86 | 47 | 98 | 89 [90 [91 | 9a fos | on fos | 96 [97 Sys} 8/8) slels B/S] s/¥) 3/8 al/*/alezlalala a{<}c{flel<See a Rol eae aka you. If you are determined to learn, no one can stop you.” STEN No. of Candidates Candidate Appeared Registered-2023 ~® 20,87,000 2022 vs 2023 No. of Candidates 9 20,24,390 ogee Appeared-2023 [, Highest Marks obtained in 2022 770. 718 No. of Candidates Securing..o 4 Highest Marks Previous Year Stats - NEET 2022 Toca an ie oa Registered 710979 903782 16 Appeared 681168 863093 14 oe Qualified 375260 375260 8 Qualifying Cut off Marks for NET 2023 Pee nmoloimkee tac Sea Meares ers ics a NED ETS A Sa IV RO CLD GN/ EWS. 50 720-130 75-17 720-138 720-147, OBC/ SC/ ST 40. 129-104 6-93, 137-108 146-13. GN/ EWS- PwD. 45 129-115. 6-105 137-122 146-129 ‘OBC/ SC/ ST- PwD. 40 114-104 104-93 121-108 128-13, Previous Year Stats - NEET 2022 Gender Male Gititr ors L Registered 710979 16. Appeared 68no8 863093 14 ie Qualified 375260, 375260 8 Qualifying Cut off Marks for NEET 2023 Mieco GN/ EWS 720-130. 720-138. OBC/ SC/ ST 40 129-104 137-108 GN/EWS- Pwo. 45 129-116 116-106 137-122 OEC/SCIST= PAO 40 4-104 104-93 121-108 128-118 ; CRACK NEET - Deep NEET AnalysisNEET AlQ cutoff for MBBS colleges Eee OMEN ae [Pool ann ar Oen cage rer as Dl GR [dae en tenet CEST RSS Cai is riley Maulana Azad Medical College, | 75 20) 32 58 49 44 28 ‘New Delhi VMIMC & Safdarjung Hospital, | 143 | aga 187 107 82 108 56 New Delhi | University College of Medical 168 185 ory ” Sciences, New Delhi seule algae Lady Hardinge Medical College, | aig | 57, 439 a4 369 263 1 New Delhi Government Medical College, Chandigarh 3720 776 360 254 278 162 58 Seth GS Medical College, | 773 | 457 638 296 297 408 216 King George's Medical University, Lucknow 1623 1800 908 703 725 506 386 Stanley Medical College, Channel 6146 5253 4872 3520 3,858, 2,264 2,039 Pt. Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical 6379 6573 1825 Wwe ‘1,481 1,035 674 Sciences, Rohtak | Grant Medical College and Sir ‘UGroup of tessa ea| =| 220 1329 wi22 1018 408 565 AIQ closing ranks 2021 (MBBS) fick amir Reet ‘Open 13970 15657 19207 OB 14930 17878 19232, sc 78780 93407, 342 ST 102589 107511 120806 __ Ews 15662 18572 19594 AIO closing ranks 2021 (BDS) ene Piro camer eee Open 24531 30500 34807 BC 26769 33099 37341 SC 304876 133153 140668, ST 140725 151231 174368 EWS) a 27150 35054 395) 1BBS/BDS Seats and Colleges (available through NEET 2023) MBBS Colleges and Seats jovernment Colleges Private Colleaes* Total Colleges 302 290 Total Seats 48,012 43,918. NA Colleges and Seats Government lleges, Private Colleges* Total Colleges ra eae Total Seats an een AIO Seats Na an CRACK NEET - Deep NEET AnalysisSUBJECTWISE DETAILED ANALYSIS - CHEMISTRY Subject Wise Difficulty Level (No. of Questions) Easy aia Pa Peconic Tyeracy No. of Ons_T.Marks | No.of Qns_|Total marks Class Ith Class 12th Chemistry Chemistry Class-wise Question Distribution MMM class 12th ME Class 1Ith 40 2 S € 30 o 2 | ° | 6 20 s < 22 28) 24 26 byes 10 0 2023 2022 2021 In this analysis, we have rated every question on a scale of | to 3. The individual ratings are then averaged to calculate the overall difficulty level | Basy - 1 Medium - 2 Difficult - 3 CRACK NEET - Deep NEET AnalysisTypes of questions in NEET and how to prepare them Bog Theory oriented fact-based Direct from NCERT ‘Numerical/ Derivation-based 15-20 NCERT-based Logical concepts: 5-10 Application of Concepts from NCERT Critical concept-based 5-10 Very complex questions determine the toppers, Most Important Topics for Chemistry isc Reis Mere eats Chemical Equilibrium 1 2% Chemical Bonding 4 8% Reaction Mechanism 3 6% Kinetics 2 4% Periodic Table 2 4% 10) Soe eee ne No. of Ons : iz] Weightage of Ons Ons & Weightage oa Chemical Che; aati al ~——- Reaction Kinetics Periodic Equilibrioum Bonding — Mechanism Table Units CRACK NEET - Deep NEET Analysis rf| Sub-Topic : Significant figures, law of chemical combinations and mole concept a; eE;rPeyaye mole concept Percent composition and empirical formula Le ‘empirical formula Stoichiometric stoichiometric 2taolala 1 A calculations calculations R , rep ere Rus ‘Topic-1: Significant Figures, Laws of Chemical Combinations and Mole Concept The density of the solution is 2.15 gmL~, then mass of 2.5 mL solution in correct significant figures is : NCERT | Page-10/N-10| RS 2022 (a) 53.75g (b) 5375 x 10% g ©) 54g @) 538g One mole of carbon atom weighs 12 g, the number of atoms in it is equal to, (Mass of carbon-12 is 1.9926 x 10 g) NCERT | Page-18 / N-18 | Ph-II 2020 (a) 6.022 x 1079 (b) 1.2 « 10 (©) 6.022 x 10? (d) 12 1022 Which one of the following has maximum number of atoms ? NCERT|Page-18/ N-18|2020 (a) 1 g of Mg(s) [Atomic mass of Mg = 24] (b) 1 g of Op(g) [Atomic mass of O = 16] (©) 1g of Li(s) [Atomic mass of Li = 7] (4) 1 g of Ag(s) [Atomic mass of Ag = 108] 6. The number of moles of hydrogen molecule required to produce 20 moles of ammonia through Haber’ s process is: rage-18 | N-18 [2019 (a) 10 (b) 20 @) 30 @ 40 In which case the number of molecules of water maximum? |NBRT!|Page18/N-18]2018 (a) 18 mL of water (b) 0.18 g of water (©) 10-3 mol of water (4) 0.00224 L of water vapours at | atm and 273 K A mixture of gases contains H, and O, gases in the ratio of I : 4 (w/w), What is the molar ratio of the two gases in the mixture ? 2018 (a) 4:1 (b) 16:1 (©) 2:1 @ 1:4 ‘The number of water molecules is maximum in (NCERT)|Page-18/N-18 [2015 RS (a) 18 molecules of water (b) 1.8 gram of water (c)_ 18 gram of water (d)_ 18 moles of water10. uM If Avogadro number Na, is changed from 6.022 x 1023 mol to 6.022 x 10? mol™ this would change; |NCERT|Pags-15/N-A5|2015RS (a). the definition of mass in units of grams (b) the mass of one mole of carbon (©) the ratio of chemical species to each other in a balanced equation, (@) the ratio of elements to each other in a compound When 224 litres of H,(g) is mixed with 11.2 litres of Cly(g), each at S.TP,, the moles of HCl(g) formed is equal to : 2014 (@)_ 1 mole of HCI (g) (b) 2 moles of HCI (g) (c) 0.5 moles of HC! (g) @ 1.5 moles of HCI (g) Which has the maximum number of molecules among the following ? NCERT|Page8/N8]2011M (@) 44¢C0, (b) 4820, ©) 8gH, (@) 64280, ‘The number of atoms in 0.1 mol of a triatomic Bas is ‘2010 (WN, = 6.02 «1023 mol!) (@) 6.026 x 10 (b) 1,806 x 1023 (©) 3.600* 1075 @)_1.800 x 1022 ‘What volume of oxygen gas (O,) measured at O°C and 1 atm, is needed to bum completely IL of propane gas (CH) measured under the same conditions ? ; @ 7L © 6L (©) SL @ 10L Number of moles of MnO; required to oxidize one mole of ferrous oxalate acidic medium will be : (a) 0.6 moles (b) 0.4 moles (©) 7.5 moles (@) 0.2 moles Volume occupied by one molecule of water (density = 1 g em") is "2008 (a) 9.0 103 om} (b) 6.023 x 10-23 em3 (©) 3.0 1073 cm3 (@) 5.5* 10-3 em3 completely in vat ' The number of moles of KMnO, that will be needed to react with one mole of sulphite ion in acidic solution is (a) 4/5 © 1 (b) 2/5 @) 3/5 16. 17. 20. 2 22, 2. Chemistry An element, X has the following isotopic composition : NCERT | Page-17/'N-17 | 2007 200¥: 90% 199: 8.0% 22x: 2.0% The weighted average atomic mass of the naturally occuring element X is closest to (a) 201 amu (b) 202 amu (©) 199 amu (4 200 amu The number of moles of KMnO, reduced by one mole of KI in alkaline medium is: 2005 (@) one () two © five @) one fifth ‘The maximum number of molecules is present in (@ 15 LofH, gas at STP 2004 (b) 5 LofN, gas at STP (©) 0.5 g of Hy gas (10g of 0, gas Which has maximum number of molecules? /2002 @ 78N, () 2gH, © 16gNO, @) 16 g0, Specific volume of cylindrical virus particle is 6.02 x 10° cc/g whose radius and length are 7 A& 10 A respectively. IFN = 6.02 * 1023, find molecular weight of virus 2001 (2) 3.08 x 103 kg/mol (b) 3.08 x 104 kg/mol (©) 1.54 104 kg/mol @ 15.4 kg/mol Assuming fully decomposed, the volume Of CO, released at STP on heating 9.85 g of BaCO; (Atomic mass, Ba = 137) will be (2000 @ 224L (b) 4.96L © 1127 @) 0.847 Haemoglobin contains 0.334% of iron by weight. The molecular weight of haemoglobin is approximately 67200. The number of iron atoms (at. wt. of Fe is 56) present in one molecule of haemoglobin are @1 ) 6 ©4 @2 ‘The number of significant figures for the three numbers 161 em, 0.161 cm, 0.0161 om are /NCERT| Page-12//'N-12 | 1998 (@) 3,4 and 5 respectively (b) 3,4 and 4 respectively (©) 3,3 and 4 respectively (©) 3,3 and 3 respectivelyClass-XI/Chapter-1/Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 24, 26. 21. 28. 29. 30. mu. 32. The weight of one molecule of a compound CegH 22 is NCERT | Page-18/N-18 | 1995 (@) 1.2% 10 gram (b) 1.4 10-2! gram (©) 5.025 x 1073 gram (d) 6.023 x 10?3 gram In the final answer of the expression (29.2-20.2)(1.79x10°) 37 the number of significant figures is : NCERT | Page-12/N-12 [1994 @ 1 (b) 2 © 3 @ 4 If Nj is Avogadro’s number then number of valence electrons in 4,2g of nitride ions (N?-) is (a) 24N, (b) 4.2, 1994 ©) 16N, @ 3.2N, The molecular weight of O2 and ‘SO are 32 and 64 respectively. At 15°C and 150 mm Hg pressure, one litre of O, contains ‘N’ molecules. The number of molecules in two litres of SO, under the same conditions of temperature and pressure will be: | NCERT|Page-15//N-15 | 1990 (a) N/2 (b+) N (©) 2N @ 4N Boron has two stable isotopes, !°B (19%) and TB (81%). Average atomic weight for boron in the periodic table is NCERT | Page-17//N-17|1990 (a) 10.8 (b) 10.2 (©) 12 (@) 10.0 The number of oxygen atoms in 4.4 g of CO, is NCERT | Page-18 / N-18 | 1990 (a) 1.2% 10% (b) 6x 10 (c) 6x 102 (d) 12x 1023 The number of gram molecules of oxygen in 6.02 x 1074 CO molecules is NCERT | Page-18 / N-18 | 1990 (a) 10gmolecules (b) 5g molecules (c) 1gmolecules (d)_0.5 g molecules Ratio of C, and C, of a gas ‘X’ is 1.4. The number of atoms of the gas ‘X’ present in 11.2 litres of it at NTP will be 1989 (a) 6.02 «1073 (b) 1.2 « 103 (c) 3.01 x 10% (@ 2.01 x 10° 1 c.¢. N,O at NTP contains : 1988 18 922 x1072atoms © 4 6.02 22400 132108 24710 (b) —— x10 molecules © (@) all the above 33. At STP. the density of CCl, vapours in g/L electrons will be nearest to : 1988 (@) 6.87 (b) 3.42 (©) 10.26 (@d) 4.57 Empirical Formula 34. An organic compound contains 78% (by wt.) carbon and remaining percentage of hydrogen. The right option for the empirical formula of this compound is : [Atomic wt, of C is 12, His 1] NCERT | Page-19/N-19 2021 (@) CH, (6) CH (© CH, @ CH, 35. An organic compound contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Its elemental analysis gave C, 38.71% and H, 9.67%. The empirical formula of the compound would he * 2008 (a) CHO (b) CHO (©) CHO @ CHO e 6. Percentage of Se in peroxidase anhydrase enzyme is 0.5% by weight (at. wt. = 78.4) then minimum molecular weight of peroxidase anhydrase enzyme is NCERT | Page-19 /N-19 | 2001 (a) 1.568 x 103 (b) 15.68 (©) 2.136 = 104 (@) 1.568 « 104 37. An organic compound containing C, H and O gave on analysis C ~ 40% and H — 6.66%. Its empirical formula would be NCERT | Page-19 /N-19 | 1999 / 94 (@) CHO (&) CHO (©) CH,O (@) CHO 38. An organic compound containing C, H and N gave the following analysi: C= 40% ; H= 13.33% ; N= 46.67% Its empirical formula would be NCERT | Page-19 / N-19 | 1998 (b) CH.N (@) C)HIN (a) CHAN, (©) CHyN39. The percentage weight of Zn in white vitriol [ZnSO,.7H,0] is approximately equal to (Zn = 65,$ = 32,0 =16and H= 1) NCERT | Page-19 /N-19 | 1995 (a) 33.65 % (b) 32.56% (©) 23.65% @ 22.65% Ametal oxide has the formula Z,O,, It can be reduced by hydrogen to give free metal and water. 0.1596 g of the metal oxide requires 6 mg of hydrogen for complete reduction. The atomic weight of the metal is 1989 (a) 279 (b) 159.6 (©) 79.8 (a) 55.8 Topic-3: Stoichiometric Calculations aL. 40. The right option for the mass of CO, produced by heating 20 g of 20% pure limestone is (Atomic mass of Ca = 40) [caco; 2" ,cx0 co, | @ 112¢ (b) 1.76g (©) 2.648 @ 132g 42. What fraction of Fe exists as Fe(III) in Fey 960? (Consider Feg 950 to be made up of Fe(II) and Fe(II) only) RS 2022 2023 L 1 © 5 OR © 0% @ 43. What mass of 95% pure CaCO, will be reared to neutralise 50 mL of 0.5 M HCI solution according to the following reaction? CaCO4(s) + 2HCltag) = ee CaCl{aq) + CO,(g) + H,0(1) NCERT | Page20//N-20 2022 {Calculate upto second place of decimal point} (a) 132g () 3.65¢ (©) 950g @ 125g A mixture of 2.3 g formic acid and 4.5 g oxalic acid is treated with conc. H)S,, The evolved gaseous mixture is passed through KOH pellets, Weight (in g) of the remaining product at STP will be (a) 14 (© 44 44. 2018 (b) 3.0 (@) 28 45. Suppose the elements X and Y combine to form two compounds XY> and X;Y,. When 0.1 mole of XY, weighs 10 g and 0.05 mole of X,Y, weighs 9 g, the atomic weights of X Phil 2016 and Y 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52, Chemistry (a) 20,30 () 30,20 (©) 40,30 @ 60,40 20.0 g of a magnesium carbonate sample decomposes on heating to give carbon dioxide and 8.0 g magnesium oxide. What will be the percentage purity of magnesium carbonate in the sample? 21SRS (a) 75 () 96 (©) 60 @ 84 What is the mass of precipitate formed when 50 mL of 16.9% solution of AgNO, is mixed with 50 mL of $.8% NaCl solution’? 2015 Rs (Ag=107.8, N= 14, O= 16, Na=23, C1=35.5) (b) 35g l4g (@) 28g (©) 7g @ 1.0 g of magnesium is burnt with 0.56 g 0, in a closed vessel. Which reactant is left in excess and how much ? 20d (At. wt. Mg = 24 ; O = 16) (@) Mg, 0.16 g (©) 0},0.16g (©) Mg,0.44g @ 0), 0.28 g In an experiment it showed that 10 mL of 0.05 M solution of chloride required 10 mL of 0.1 M solution of AgNO;, which of the following will be the formula of the chloride (& stands for the symbol of the element other than chlorine): Kar. 2013, (a) X,Cl ) %Ch (©) XCl, (@) XCly 6.02 x 10? molecules of urea are present in 100 mL of its solution. The concentration of solution is : 2013 (@) 001M (>) 0.001 M © 01M (@ 002M 10 g of hydrogen and 64 g of oxygen were filled in a steel vessel and exploded. Amount of water produced in this reaction will be: NCERT | Page-20/N-20 |2009 (a) 3 mol (b) 4 mol (©) 1 mol (d) 2mol How many moles of lead ({1) chloride will be formed from a reaction between 6.5 g of PbO and 3.2 g of HCI? 2008 (@) 0.044 (b) 0.333 © oon (@) 0.029Class-XI/Chapter-1/Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 53. The mass of carbon anode consumed (giving (@) 1.0 mole of H,0 is produced only carbon dioxide) in the production of (b) 1.0 mole of NO will be produced 270 kg of aluminium metal from bauxite by the (©) all the oxygen will be consumed Hall process is (Atomic mass: Al = 27) 2005 (d). all the ammonia will be consumed (@ 270kg () 540 ke 56, One litre hard water contains 12,00 mg Mg?* (©) 90kg @ 180k Mili-cquivalents of washing soda required to 54, In Haber process 30 litres of dihydrogen and Temove its hardness is : 30 litres of dinitrogen were taken for reaction NCERT | Page-20/N-2011998 which yielded only 50% of the expected product. @i | © R16 ‘What will be the composition of gaseous mixture © 1%10% (d)_ 12. 16 x 10% under the aforesaid condition in the end? 00357: Pani aoe Cg bre inoxygen (a) ee 25 litres nitrogen, 15 2CgH,(2) + 1505(g)—> 12CO,(g) + 6H,0(g) How many litres of O, at STP are needed to complete the combustion of 39 g of liquid benzene? (Mol. wt. of 0, = 32, CgH, = 78) (b) 20 litres ammonia, 20 litres nitrogen, 20 litres hydrogen (©) 10 litres ammonia, 25 litres nitrogen, 15 litres hydrogen “NCERT | Page-20/N-20 11996 (@ 20 litres ammonia, 10 litres nitrogen, 30 @ 74L (b) 1.2L litres hydrogen (©) 224L (d@) 84L 55, In the reaction 4NH; (g) + 5 0, (g) > 4 NO(g)+6H,O() 58, What is the weight of oxygen required for the When 1 mole of ammonia and 1 mole of 0, are complete combustion of 2.8 kg of ethylene ? made to react to completion, (@) 2.8kg (b) 64kg —aga9 NCERT | Page-20/N-20| 1998 (©) 9.6 kg @) 96 kg 7|@ @/ 8) OKO ©| 120] © ©) | 25] ©] 31] @] 37] © @) @ [26] @ [32] @| 38] © @ 0) © | 33] @ [39] © oO ‘| © | 28] @ | 34] @[ 40] @| 46] @ @) 29] @ @ [at] ®| 47] © | ©) [30] ©) @| 42] ® @ [54] lelo/+e[-|- | @| 12] ©Chemistry Fiints & Solutions Mass(m) Volume(V) m= 2.15 x2.5= 53758 32 Musthave x f 2 significant Significant figures. figure Mass of the solution = 5.4 g (round - off) ‘The rule of significant figures for the operation of multiplication and division : The final result is reported with the same number of significant digits as the number with least number of 1. (©) Density (d) = significant figures. 2. (a) Number of atoms in 1 mole of carbon = 6.022 x 103 3. (©) Number of atoms Ww =———-xN, x: cit Molar mass “NA atomicity (a) Number of Mg atoms -FeNw (b) Number of O atoms = SANG? (©) Number of Li atoms = Lon, 1 (@)_ Number of Ag atoms = in Naxl 4.) N)+3H,—>2NH, 1 mol NH, = $ mot H, 20 mol NH, = 3x 20 mol Hy = 30 mol H :. 30 moles of H, are required, 5. (a) (1). Mass of water = 18 « 1 = 18 g Molecules of water = mole x N.. 18 = By, en TeNAT Na (2) Molecules of water = mole x Ny _ 0.18 == Ny, =102N ast 5 3) Molecules of water = mole x Ny = 103 Ny 0.00224 _ 9-4 224 Molecules of water = mole x Ny= 10 Ny (a) Ratio of weight of gases = Wy, : Wo,= 1:4 14 Ratio of moles of gases = ny, : Mp, = 5:5 (4) Moles of water = 1 Molar Ratio = x — lolar Ratio = > x= (@)_ No. of moles of water In 1.8 g of H,O = 0.1 moles In 18 g of H,0 = I moles 1 mole contains 6.022 x 10% molecules of water therefore maximum number of molecules is in 18 moles of water. i, ONC NR wa) Divide by mot. mass ‘Number of a ———— Multiply by mol. (b) If 6.022 « 1073 mol! changes to 6.022 x 10?0 mol"! then this would change mass of one mole of carbon from 12 g to 12 mg. ‘Mass of ,3C carbon is used to define the atomic ‘mass unit. In this system, C is assigned a mass of exactly 12 amu, Earlier one mole was defined as the amount of substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exacily 12 g of the ,»C isotope, From November 2018, one mole is defined as exactly 6.02214076 x 10° constitutive particles, which ‘may be atoms, molecules, ions or electrons. Hence, if we change the value of Nq from 6.022 x 10? mol"! to 6.022 x 1020 moi! then ‘mass of one mole of carbon will also change. ‘The definition of mass is independent of Avogadro umber Nj.Class-XI/Chapter-1/Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry % 10. ul. 12; 13. (a) Hyg) + Clg) —> 2HCl(g) initial 22.41 n2L ° =imole — =0.5 mole final 1-05 05-05 2x05 Moles of HCI formed = 2 x 0.5 = 1 (©) No. of molecules = moles x Ny Moles of 0; = Baty 8 Moles of Hy LAN, Moles of SO, = SalNg (b) The number of atoms in 0.1 mol of a triatomic gas = 0.1 x 3 x 6.023 = 103 = 1.806 « 10° (©) Writing the equation of combustion of propane (C3Hg), we get CjHg+50, > 3CO, +4H,0 ot Svol Se From the above equation we find that we need 5 Lof oxygen at N.'T.P, to completely burn 1 T of propane at N.TP. If we change the conditions for both the gases from N.T-P. to same conditions of temperature and pressure, The same results are obtained. i. 5 Lis the correct answer. soo [+ 16H" 0) SEqg- 12 MnO. + 16H — oxalate fon 2Mn2* +10 CO, + 8H,0 Fromabove equation 2 moles of MnO, required to oxidise 5 moles of oxalate. Thus number of moles of MnOj required to oxidise one mole of oxalate = 1 * 2/5=0.4 moles In KMnO, the oxidation state of Mn is +7. 4 In acidic medium Mn takes up five electrons and making it an oxidizing agent, In strongly alkaline solution it takes up only | electrons and making it much weaker oxidising agent. In neutral medium it gives up 3 electrons to form MnO), Acidic medium: MnO; + 8H* + Se" > Mn** + 4H,0 ‘Alkaline medium: MnO, +e" > MnO} 14. 15, 16. ‘Neutral medium: ‘Mn0j + 4H* +3e- > MnO, + 2H,0 (©): Volume occupied by 1 gram water= 1m? or Volume occupied by 23 ae molecules of water = 1 em? [+ 1g water = iimoles of water] Thus, volume occupied by 1 molecule of water _ xis 6.023 x10" i.e. the correct answer is option (c) (b) The balance chemical equation is : 2MnO; +6H* +580;2> —> cm* = 3,010" em? 2Mn** +5S0,?" +3H,0 From the equation itis clear that 5 moles of SO} = 2 moles of MnOz 2 1 mole of SO? moles of MnO 5 Therefore, Z mol of MnOj require to oxidise 1 mol of SO} in acidic medium. (@ Average isotopic mass of 904842 18000 +1592 + 404 100 He ‘Average atomic mass = (Mass of isotope A x % natural abundance) + 17. 18, (Mass of isotope B * % natural abundance) + (% Natural abundance of A+ % natural abundance of B) +. (b) In weak alkaline medium, the equation is: 2MnO; + H,0 +1 —>2Mn0, +10j +20 1 Hence, onemole of KI reduce, 2 moles of KMnO,. (a) No. of molecules in different cases (a) 22.4 litre at STP contains = 6.023«10?4molecule of Hy _ 1S 15 litre at STP contains => x 6.023 1023 reat STP contains == 6.023%19. 20. 2 22, (b) » 22.4 litre at STP contains = 6.023%10?3 molecule of Ny -. 5 litre at STP contians =: 3 56,023%10 22.4 (©) +2.gof H,= 6.02310? molecules of Hy 05 0.5 g of Hy 6.023 x10 2 (a) Similarly 10 g of 0, gas = 12 6.02310 molecules 32 Thus (a) will have maximum number of molecules, () 2g of Hy means one mole of H,, hence contains 6.023 x 10° molecules. Others have less than one mole, so have less no. of molecules. (@) Specific volume (volume of 1 g) of cylindrical virus particle = 6.02 107? ce/g Radius of virus (r)= 7 A=7 x 10-8 em. Length of virus = 10 x 10-8 cm Volume of virus =a Baro? 1010" = 154 x 10°73 ce Wt. of one virus particle = ——Yolume _ specific volume ‘Mol. wt. of virus = Wt. of Ng particle _ 154x107 6.0210 = 15400 g/mol = 15.4 kg/mol (©) BaCO; > Ba0+CO, 197g As 197 g of BaCO, will release 22.4 litre of CO, at STP 6.02% 103 s. 1 gofBaCO, will release = m litre of CO, and 9.85 g of BaCO, will release carbon dioxide = 24 9.85 = 1.12 litre of CO, 197 (c)_ Given : Percentage of the iron = 0.334%; Molecular weight of the haemoglobin = 67200 and atomic weight of iron = 56. We know that the number of iron atoms Chemistry _ Molecular wt. of haemoglobin x% of iron 100x Atomic weight of iron _ 67200x0.334 10056 23, (a) Number 161 cm, 0.161 om and 0.0161em have 3, 3 and 3 significant figures respectively. All non-zero digits are significant and the zeros at the beginning of a number are not significant 24, (b) Molecular weight of CegH99 = (12 x 60) + 122 = 842. Therefore, weight of one molecule _ Molecular weight of Ceo Hi ‘Avogadro's number ___ 842 6.023107 (29.2—20,2)(1.79x10°) 25. (c) 137 As the least precise number contains 3 significant figures therefore, answers should also contains 3 significant figures. 26. (a) No. of moles of nitride ion =1.36x107!g = 14x10 = 0.3 mol=0.3%Nq nitride ions. Valence electrons = 8 x 0.3 Ns=2.4Ng Nitride ion has seven protons in the nucleus and ten electrons surrounding the nucleus. Therefore total no. of electrons is 10. Number of valence clectrons is (5 +3) = 8. 27, (©) According to Avogadro's law “equal volumes of all gases contain equal numbers of molecules under similar conditions of temperature and pressure". Thus if | L of one Gas contains N molecules, 2 L of any gas undet the same conditions will contain 2N molecules. 8ixll 28. (@)_ Average atomic mass = PIES = 10.81 29. (@)_ I mol of CO, =44 x of CO, 44800, = 44 =0. gq 70:1 mol CO, =6* 10?? moleculesClass-XI/Chapter-1/Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry = 2% 6x 10? atoms or 1.2 x 103 atoms of 34. (d) oxygen. 30. (b) 6.02 x 10 molecules of CO =Imole of CO Element| ae Mole ratio 6.02 104 CO molecules = 10 moles of CO percentage = 10 g atoms of O = 5 g molecules of 0, 31. (a) C,/C,=1.4 shows that the gas is diatomic, 22.4 Lat NTP = 6.02 x 103 molecules H Ly2% 11.2 Lat NTP = 3.01 = 103 molecules 7 No, of atoms in gas = 3.01 « 1023 x 2 atoms = 6.02 x 1073 atoms c 178% - Possible empirical formula is CH, 35. (a) D Element % Atomic Atomic Simple r= =1+—, where F = degree of freedom of elena _ ratio, ratio Oe c 3871123871 3.23 the gas molecules Ec: 33 For mono atomic gas, F = 3 H aay L367 yg, 967 1°" 333 ° 100-16 51.62 3.23 For diatomic gas, F=5 (38.71 + 9.67) 6 72 335 IC =51.62 yaPeatezalaiso ote Thus, empirical formula is CHO. Fos tieiorle Bs For 7(depending upon the 36, (q) Suppose the mol. wt. of enzym * & F Given 100 g of enzyme wt. of Se=0.5 g er 2 Roum g a Inx gof enzyme wt. of Se= OF xx Ss 0.5xx ro Hence 78.4 = 2 100 32. (d) AtNTP, 22400 ec of N,O v= 15680 = 1.568 x 104 = 6.02 x 1073 molecules 37. (c) Table for empirical formula, ice of NO -contain: Element % At. Relative Ratio 6.02107 wt _number = ~*~ molecules ao 2400 c 40 12 _333 _3x6.02x103 me 22400 H 666 1 $56 _ 666 (+ N,O molecule has 3 atoms) 1 No. of electrons in a molecule of NO 53334 =74748=22 O 33416 Aas Hence, no. of electrons 23 23 (% of O i = 60210 1.3210 ctrong ( in organic compound 22400 224 = 100 - (40 + 6.66) = 53.34% ) 33, (a)_1 mol CCl, vapour = 12 + 4 « 35,5 +. Empitical f : = 154-224 Lat STP mpirical formula of organic compound vay - 154 - “1 =CH,O. ©. Density = gL"! = 6.875 gL’ 22.439. 40. 41. 42. (©) Table for empirical formula Chemistry + (0.96 —x) x 3+2x=2 - = - 2.88 —3x+2x=2=>2.88-x=2=>x=088 EK % At. Relatiy Rati am = ee Naabee 7 2, Fe3* = 0,96 ~ 0.88 = 0.08 008_ 81 3.33 :. Fraction of Fe*+ = "= = © 40.00 12 33 Sl raction of Fe" = 996 ~ 96 12 7) 43. (a) From the given reaction, aes No. of moles of CaCO, H 13.33, 1 =13.33 —— 1 1 50 3.33 = 2 ae IN 46.67 14 = 333 Mass of pure CaCO, = 0.0125 x 100 = 1.25 g E : _ 125x100 Hence, empirical formula = CH,N Mass of impure sample = “55 = 1.328 (@ Molecular weight of ZnS0,.7H,0 30, = 65+32+ (4x 16)+1(2*1+16)=287. 44, (d) HCOOH patydratng? CO +H,0 +. percentage mass of zine (Zn) ay A228 0 abated by 1,80] 65 , 2 100 = 22.65% Att a a mee (oles) 46 20 (@)_ The reaction can be given as ZO + 3Hy—> 22 + 3H,0 Final moles 0 1 1 20 20 re [H,0 absorbed by H)S0,] og 7 2658 of 20s arma nd. . a a (motes) 90 20 . Eq. wt. of Z,0, = 26.6 (from the definition of eq. wt.) Eq. wt. of Z+ Eq, wt. of 0 (8) =26.6 = Eq, wt. of Z=26.6-8 = 18.6 Valency of metal in Z,0; =3 Atomic wt. valency 2 At. wt of Z= 18.6 3 = 55.8 (by caco, 28; cao + co, 1 mot Vmol 100 g ate As CaCO, is 20% pure, So, mass of pure CaCO, = 100 g CaCO; produces 44 g CO, Eq. wtof metal = 1. 4g.CaCO, produces “4 x4 2.00, 1.76 g CO, 100 (b) Suppose, Fe?* in Fey og O =x and Fe>* in Feo 9g O = 0.96 — x Total positive charge in Fey 960 = (0.96 ~ x) x 3+ 2x ‘Total negative charge = 2 * I= 2 Final moles 0 45. aca 2 20 20 20 CO, is absorbed by KOH. So, the remaining product is only CO. Moles of CO formed from both reactions 1 10 Left mass of CO = moles x molar mass 1 = x28 = 2: 19%28=288 (©) Let us assume that atomic weight of X is A,and Y is Ay No. of moles = Mol.wt. in gms “Molar mass > orn A, +2Ay => A,+2Ay=100 aU)Class-XI/Chapter-1/Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry =0.05= 3A, +2Ay => 3A, +2Ay= 180 From solving eq. (1) and (2), we get— A, = 40, A, =30 (d@) MgCO; —»MgO+CO, 84 g of MgCO, form 40 g of MgO oQ@ 46. 20g of MgCO; form = = 9.52 g of MgO Since 8.0 g of MgO is formed 8 of MgO 8 —_<100 = 84.0% on” 84.0% (c) 50 mL of 16.9% solution of AgNO, (2 x s0) =8.45 g of AgNO; Purity of sampl 4. 100 8.458 (107.8-+14+16%3) g/mol — 8458 _)- 0.0497 moles 169.8g/mol 50 mL of 5.8% solution of NaC! contain "mole = NaCl= (38x50). 298 52. 100 ES (23 +35.5)g/ mol AgNO, + NaCl— AgCl4+Nat +NO;- | Myc\= 0.0495 moles 1 mole Imole 1 mole +. 0,049 mole 0.049 mole 0.049 mole of AgCl n= + w= (npgey) * Molecular Mass af ingc = (0.049) * (107.8 + 35.5) = 7.02 g 1 48, (a) Mg + 50, —>Mg0 Initially Ig 056 ! 956 mote or yim = 0.0417 mole 0.0175 mole (0.0417 - 2 x 0.0175) O mole = 0.0067 mole Mass of Mg = 0.0067 x 24= 0.16 g 9 49. 50. 51. (©) Millimoles of solution of chloride =0.05 x 10= 0.5 m mol Millimoles of AgNO, solution=100.1=1 mmol So, the millimoles of AgNO, are double than the chloride solution. ©. XC, + 2AgNO,; —> 2AgCl +X (NO3)) 6.02102" x1000 _ 6.021074 @) Mo— mB eonxio® 100 x 6.02 x 10° 6.02 x 10° = 0.01M (>) Hy + 40,—>11,0 10g 64g (Smol) (2mol) In this reaction oxygen is the limiting reagent. Hence, amount of HO produced depends on the amount of O, taken, 0.5 mole of O, gives H,0 = | mol :, 2 mole of O, gives H,O = 4 mol When there is not enough of one reactant in a chemical reaction, the reaction stops. To find the amount of product produced, we must determine reactant that will limit the chemical reaction (the limiting reagent) we can find the limiting reagent by calculating the amount of product that can be formed by each reactant, the one that produces less product is the limiting reagent. (d)_ Writing the equation forthe reaction, we get PbO + 2HC1—> PbCl, + H,O 207416 2% 365 207+71 =23g =73g =278g From this equation we find 223 g of PbO reacts with 73 g of HCI to form 278 g of PbCl. If we carry out the reaction between 3.2 g HCL and 6.5 g PbO. Amount of PbO that reacts with 3.2 g HCI 223 = x32 =9, = .77 B. Since amount of PbO present is only 6.5 g so PDO is the limiting reagent. Amount of PbCl, formed by 6.5 g of PbO —x6.5. 223-08 Number of moles of PbCI, formed 28 65 = x2? moles = 0.029 33% Fag MOUS = 0.029 moles.cou 53. 54, 55. (ce) 2Al,03 +3C > Al +3COy Gram equivalent of Al,O; = Gram equivalent of C Now equivalent weight of Al= 22 = Equivalent weight of C 2 o 4 = 7-3 (C00) 3 No. of gram equivalent of Al= 270%10" =30« 108 Hence, No. of gram equivalent of C = 30 x 10° Again, No. of gram equivalent of C ___mass in gram ~ gram equivalent weight 30% 108= => mass = 90 « 103 g= 90 kg (Ny +3H, > 2NH, Iwol 30h. 2-0. White 30fite — Zolitre It is given that only 50% of the expected product is formed hence, only 10 litre of NH; is formed, Nyused=S litres, — left=30-5 = 25 litres H, used = 15 litres, left = 30~ 15 =15 litres (©) According to Stoichiometry, they should react as follow: ANH, + 50, —+ 4NO + 61,0 ovis Tele O'R moies 6 moles 12 moles 57. 58. Chemistry Thus, for 1 mole of 0, only 0.8 moles of NH; is consumed. Hence O, is consumed completely, (a) Mg?* +NayCO3—>MgCO, +2Na* lgeq. igeq. 1 g eq. of Mg?* = 12 g of Mg”* = 12000 mg = 1000 milli eq. of Na,CO, <. 12mg Mg?* = 1 milli eq. Na,CO; (@) 2C Hg +1502 (g)—12.CO(g) + 6H,0(g) 2(78)— 15(32) 156 g of benzene, required oxygen = 15 «22.4 litre Ig of benzene, required oxygen 15x 22.4 156 litre 39 g of benzene, required oxygen 15x 22.4x39 156 = 84.0 litre (©) CyHy+30,—> 2CO, + 2H,0 Wks %kg ‘As28kg of CH, undergo complete combustion by 96 kg of O, -, 2.8kg of C,H, undergo complete combustion by 9.6 kg of O>.Structure of Atom i of Electromagnetic Ra i: G 5 5 OL) Gi 5 Topic Name Sub-Topic ins. LOD|Qns.|LOD|Qns|LOD|Qns.|LoD| 1ns,| LOD) ‘Atomic models and Dual Nature of Electromagnetic | Flectromagnetic 1/e ad radiation Radiation Subatomic particles | 1 | D Bohr’s model for H atom | Absortion/emission spectra a|a 1/e Bohr’s orbit radius Dual behaviour of matter | uncertainity principle/ and Heisenberg, orbital stability/ uncertainity principle _| de-Broglie wavelength Quantum mechanical Quantum number_| 1 | D TTA model of atom Orbital energy a Topie-1: Atomic Models and Dual Nature nm A particular station of All India Radio, New Delhi broadcasts on a frequency of 1,368 kHz (kilohertz). The wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation emitted 4. by the transmitter is : [speed of light ¢ = 3.0 x 108 ms~!] NCERT | Page-38 /N-38 | 2021 (@) 21.920m (b) 219.3 m (© 2192m (@) 2192m ‘According to law of photochemical equivalence the energy absorbed (in ergs/mole) is given as (h = 6.62 « 10°27 ergs, c= 3x 10! om sl, 5. Ng = 6.02 * 103 mol!) Kar, 2019 1.196 x10" 1.196x108 (a) =a ) 2.859% 10° 2.859x10'° 3 a 28528 © 7 @) n No. of Questions Calculate the energy in joule corresponding to light of wavelength 45 nm : (Planck’s constant h = 6.63 = 10-4 Js; speed of light c=3 x 108 ms!) NCERT | Page-39/N-39 |2014 (a) 6.67% 10!5 (b) 6.67 x 10! (©) 4.42 10715 (d) 4.42 x 10718 The value of Planck's constant is 6.63 x 10° Js. ‘The speed of light is 3 x 10!7 nm s~'. Which value is closest to the wavelength in nanometer of a quantum of light with frequency of 6x 10!5 sly NCERT | Page-38 / N-38 | 2013 (a) 25 (b) 50 (©) 75 @ 10 The energies E, and E> of two radiations are 25 eV and 50 eV, respectively. The relation between their wavelengths i.e., 2, and 25 will be: NCERT | Page-41 /N-41 [2011 (a) A= Aq (b) 2) = 2A, ©) Any @ A=ph10. 12. The energy absorbed by each molecule (A) of a substance is 4.4 x 1019 J and bond energy per molecule is 4.0 x 10-9 J, The kinetic ‘energy of the molecule per atom will be: NCERT | Page-39/N-39) 2009, (@) 22x 10°F @) 20x 10-197 (© 40x1075 — (d) 2.0% 105 The radioactive isotope $Co which is used in the treatment of cancer can be made by (2, p) reaction. For this reaction the target nucleus is 2004 @ Ni &) C0 © 8Ni @ $00 The value of Planck’s constant is 6.63 x 10-34 Js. The velocity of light is 3.0 x 108 m s~!, Which. values closestto the wavelength in nanometers of a quantum of light with frequency of 8x 10!5 19 NCERT | Page-39 /N-39 | 2003 (a) 3x 107 (b) 2x 10-5 (© 5x 10-18 @ 4x10! 20°85, nucleus absorbs a neutron and disintegrates into .4Xel59, 56615 and X. So what will be the product X? 2002 (2) 3-neutrons (b) 2-nentrons (©) a-particle (@)_ B-particle If species 2X emits firstly a positron, then two a and two B and in last one o. and finally converted to species ¢Y , so correct relation is 2001 (a) c= (b) c= @) c=a-S,d= Ifthe energy of a photon is given as 3,03 x 10-19 J then, the wavelength (A) of the photon is : NCERT | Page-41/N-41 | 2000 (a) 656nm (©) 65.6 um (©) 656 nm (4) 0.656 nm When a radioactive element emits successively one a-particle and two B-particles, the mass number of the daughter element 1999 (a) is reduced by 4 units (b) remains the same (0) is reduced by 2 units (d) is increased by 2 units 3s 14. 15, 16. 17. 18, 19, 20. Chemistry Number of neutrons in a parent nucleus X, which gives }4N nucleus, after two successive B emissions, would be 1998 @ 9 (6 Hurtin Bus fission products + neutrons + 3.20 x 1071! J The energy released when | g of 33°U finally undergoes fission is 197 (a) 12.75« 108k} (b) 16.40 « 107K (©) 820x107KI =). 6.50 x 105k In the photo-electron emission, the energy of the emitted electron is NCERT |Page-41/N-41 | 1994 (a) greater than the incident photon (b) same as than-of the incident photon (©) smaller than the incident photon (@ proportional to the intensity of incident photon. The electron was shown experimentally to have wave properties by NCERT | Page-30/N-30| 1994 ©7 @s (@) de Broglie (6) Davisson and Germer (©) N. Bobr @)_ Schrodinger Which of the following is never true for cathode rays? —_INCERT|Page-30/N-30] 1994 (@) They possess kinetic energy (b) They are electromagnetic waves (©) They produce heat (@) They produce mechanical pressure, In a radioactive decay, an emitted electron comes from 194 (a) The nucleus of atom (b) Theorbitwith principal quantum number ! (c) the inner orbital of the atom (d)_ the outermost orbit of the atom. If an isotope of hydrogen has two neutrons it) its atom, its atomic number and atomic mass number will respectively be 19 (a) Qand1 () 3and1 (©) Landt @ Land3 1989 Emission of an alpha particle leads to @ (a) Decrease of? units inthe chargeoftheato™ (b) Increase of 2 units in the mass of the ato™ (©) Decrease of 2 units in the mass of the atom (@) Increase of 4 units in the mass of he atom.Class-XI/Chapter-2/Structure of Atom 21. Select the correct stateents from the following ‘A. Atoms of all elements are composed of two fundamental particles. B. The mass of the electron is 9.10939 = 1031 kg. C. All the isotopes of a given element show same chemical properties. D. Protons and electrons are collectively known as nucleons. E. _Dalton’s atomic theory, regarded the atom as an ultimate particle of matter. Choose the correct answer from the options given below INCERT | Page-33 / N-33 | 2023 (a) A,BandConly (b) C,DandE only (©) AandEonly (4) B,C andEonly 22. If radius of second Bohr orbit of the He* ion is 105.8 pm, what is the radius of third Bohr orbit of Li2* ion? (NCERD| Page-48/.N-48 | 2022 (a) 15.87 pm (b) 1.587 pm (©) 158.7A (@) 158.7 pm 23. Which of the following series of transitions in the spectrum of hydrogen atom falls in visible region ? INCERT | Page-46/N-46| 2019 (@) Lymanseries (b)_ Balmer series (©) Paschen series (d)_ Brackett series 24. In hydrogen atom, the de-Broglie wavelength of an electron in the second Bohr orbit is {Given that Bohr radius, ag = 52.9 pm] ‘Odisha 2019 (2) 105.8 pm () 211.6 pm © 2.6xpm (@ 52.9npm 2 25. Based on equation £=— 2.178 x 10718 (4) J, certain conclusions are written. Which of them is not correct ? NCERT | Page-48 / N-48 | 2013 (a) Larger the value of n, the larger is the orbit radius. (6) Equation can be used to calculate the change in energy when the electron changes orbit. (©) Forn= 1, the electron has a more negative energy than it does for n = 6 which mean 26. 21. 28. 29. 30. 51 32. that the electron is more loosely bound in the smallest allowed orbit. (@) The negative sign in equation simply means that the energy or electron bound to the nucleus is lower than it would be if the electrons were at the infinite distance from the nucleus. According to the Bohr Theory, which of the following transitions in the hydrogen atom will give rise to the least energetic photon? NCERT | Page47/N47 | 2011 M (@) n=6ton=1 — (b) n=Ston=4 © n=6ton=5 (a) n=Ston=3 The energy of second Bohr orbit of the hydrogen atom is -328 kJ mol"; hence the energy of fourth Bohr orbit would be: 2005 (@) -41 kJ mot (b) -82kJ mol! (c) -164kJ mol! = (d)_ -1312 kJ mol"! The frequency of radiation emitted when the electron falls from n= 4 ton =1 ina hydrogen atom will be (Given ionization energy of H=2.18 «10718 atom !and h = 6.625 x 1024s) INCERT | Page-48 /N-48]| 2004 (@) 1.54% 10!5s1 (6) 1.03 x 10/5 sl (©) 3.08% 10!5s1 (d)_ 2.00 x 1015s"! In hydrogen atom, energy of first excited state is 3.4 eV. Find out KE of the same orbit of Hydrogen atom 2002 (@) +34eV () +6.8eV (©) -13.6eV @ +1360V According to Bohr’s theory the energy required for an electron in the Li2* ion to be emitted from n = 2 state is (given that the ground state ionization energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV) 1999 (a) 61.2eV (b) 13.6 eV (©) 30.6eV @ 10.20V The Bohr orbit radius for the hydrogen atom (n = 1) is approximately 0,530 A. The radius for the first excited state (n = 2) orbit is (in A) 1998 (@) 0.13 () 1.06 (©) 4.77 @) 2.12 The spectrum of He is expected to be similar to that 1998 (@) H (b) Lit (c) Na (d) He*A-16 33. 34. 35. 36. 38. If r is the radius of the first orbit, the radius of nb orbit of H-atom is given by 1998 (a) re? (by rm) rin A) Pr? The radius of hydrogen atom in the ground state is 0.53 A. The radius of Li2* ion (atomic number = 3) in a similar state is NCERT | Page-48 /'N-48 | 1995 (@) 017A (b) 0.265 © 053A @ 106A If ionization potential for hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV, then ionization potential for He* will be 1993 (@) S44e0V (b) 68eV © B6eV @ 24.5eV ‘The energy of an electron in the n‘* Bohr orbit of hydrogen atom is 1992 13.6 13.6 @ rev ) -~Fev n n @ Bey 7” Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle When electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 300 nm falls on the surface of a metal, electrons are emitted with the kinetic energy of 1.68 105 J mol!. What is the minimum energy needed to remove an electron from the metal ? (h= 6.626 x 10-94 Js, c= 3 x 108 ms“, NA = 6.022 « 107 mol!) Rs 2022 (a) 2.31 x 105 J moi (b) 2.31 x 106 J mor (©) 3.84 * 104 J mol! (d) 3.84 x 10-195 moi"! Which one is the wrong statement ? NCERT | Page-50, 62 & 64 / N-50, 62 & 642017 The uncertainty principle is AEX Ate han Half filled and fully filled orbitals have greater stability due to greater exchange energy, greater symmetry and more balanced arrangement. ‘The energy of 2s orbital is less than the energy of 2p orbital in case of Hydrogen like atoms @ ) (c) 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. Chemistry (@) de-Broglie’s wavelength is given by h ae, my where m = mass of the particle, v = group velocity of the particle A.0.66 kg ball is moving with a speed of 100 m/s, The associated wavelength will be (= 6.6 x 10-34 Js) :NCERT | Page:S0/N-50 |2010 (a) 1.0* 1032m (b) 6.6 = 10-32m (c) 6.6* 1034m (@) 1.0 105m The measurement of the electron position if associated with an uncertainty in momentum, which is equal to 1 x 10-8 g cm s7. The uncertainty in electron velocity is, NCERT |Page-S1 /'N-S1 |2008 (mass of an electron is 9 x 10-28 g) (a) 1*10%cems"! —(&)_ 1 x 108 ems"! (©) 1x 105ems? dy 1« 10! cms If uncertainty in position and momentum are ‘equal, then uncertainty in velocity is : NCERT|Page-S1 /N-81 [2008 1 fh h mV © Von 1 fh h eof Given : The mass of electron is 9.11 x 10-3! kg Planck’s constant is 6.626 x 10-4 Js, the uncertainty involved in the measurement of velocity within a distance of 0.1 A is @ © NCERT | Page-51 / N-51 | 2006 (@) 5.79% 107 ms! (b)_ 5.79 x 108 ms“! ©) 5.79* 105 ms“! d)_ 5.79 x 106 ms The position of both, an electron and a helium atom is known within 1.0 nm, Further the momentum of the electron is known within 5.0 x 10°26 kg ms“! The minimum uncertainty in the measurement of the momentum of the helium ato: NCERT | Page-S1 /1N-S1 [1998 (@) 50kg ms“! (b) 80 kg ms! (©) 8.0* 106 kg ms“! (d) 5.0 * 106 kg mstClass-XI/Chapter-2/Structure of Atom 44. The momentum of a particle having a de Broglie wavelength of 107!7 metres is NCERT | Page-S1/N-51 | 1996 (Given h = 6.625 x 10-4 Js) (a) 3.3125 x 10-7 kg ms"! (b) 26.5 x 10-7 kg ms! (c) 6.625 x 10-!7 kg ms! (a) 13.25 « 107!7 kg ms“! 45. Uncertainty in position of an electron (mass = 9.1 x 10-28 g) moving with a velocity of 3 x 104 cmvs accurate upto 0.001% will be (use A/4(n) in uncertainty expression where h= 6.626 10-7 erg-second) NCERT| Page-51/N-S1 | 1995 @ 193m (®) 3.84em (©) 5.76 em (@ 7.68 cm 46. When an electron of charge ‘e’ and mass ‘m’ moves with a velocity ‘v’ about the nuclear charge ‘Ze’ in circular orbit of radius ‘r’, the potential energy of the electrons is given by 1994 @ Zr (b) -Ze*/r () Zehr (a) mir 47. Which of the following statements do not form a part of Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom ? 1989 (a) Energy of the electrons in the orbits are quantized (b) The electron in the orbit nearest the nucleus has the lowest energy (©) Electrons revolve in different orbits around the nucleus (d)_ The position and velocity of the electrons in the orbit cannot be determined simultaneously. Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom Topic 48. The relation between n,,, (n,, = the number of permissible values of magnetic quantum number (m)) for a given value of azimuthal quantum number (/), is NCERM| Pagess5 /N-55 | 2023 @ 1-72 (b) 1=2n,, +1 (©) 1, =2P +1 (d) ny=l+2 49. 50. 51. 52, 53. Match List - I with List - IT RS 2022 List -1 List - Il (quantum number) — (orbital) (A) n=2, @ 2s @®)n Gi) 3s (©n (iii) 2p @) n=2,2=0 (iv) 34 Choose the correct answer from the options given below (@) (A) - Gli), (B) - (iv), (©) - Gi), (D)- (b) (A) - Gi), (B) - Gv), (©) - (@, D) - Gi) (oc) (A) - Gv), B) - Git), (© - (, (D) - Gi) (d)_ (A) - Gv), (B) - Gi), (© - Gi, O)- Identify the incorrect statement from the following CERT] Page-216 /IN-39 | 2022 (a) All the five 4d orbitals have shapes similar to the respective 3d orbitals. (®) In an atom, all the five 3d orbitals are ‘equal in energy in free state. (©) The shapes of dy, d,,, and d., orbitals are similar to each other; and d._\ and dz are similar to each other. 7 (@)_ All the five 5d orbitals are different in size when compared to the respective 4d orbitals. 4d, Sp, 5f and 6p orbitals are arranged in the order of decreasing energy. The correct option is: CERT) Page-60 /N-60 | 2019 (@) Sf > 6p> Sp>4d (b) 6p>5f>Sp>4d (©) 6p>Sf>4d>Sp (d) Sf > 6p>4d>Sp Orbital having 3 angular nodes and 3 total nodes is ‘Odisha 2019 (a) 6d (b) Sp (©) 3d @) 4f Which one is a wrong statement? NCERT| Page-63 / N-63 | 2018 (a) Total orbital angular momentum of electron in ‘s’ orbital is equal to zero (b) An orbital is designated by three quantum numbers while an electron in an atom is designated by four quantum numbers (c) The value of m for d,? is zero (d)_ The electronic configuration of N atom is 1s? 2st 2px 2py 2p WT) AAT56. 57. 58. 59. 60. ol. 62. Two electrons occupying the same orbital are distinguished by NCERT|Page-62/N-62|2016 (a) Principal quantum number (b) Magnetic quantum number (©) Azimuthal quantum number (@_Spin quantum number Which of the following pairs of d-orbitals will have electron density along the axis? PheIT2016 @ d2doy © dr.dxz (@) dyz» dye Which is the correct order of increasing energy of the listed orbitals in the atom of titanium? 2015RS (@) 394s 3p3d (b) 4s 3s 3p 3d (©) 3s 3p3d4s (@) 3s3p 4s 3d What is the maximum number of orbitals that can be identified with the following quantum numbers? 2014 n=3,0=1,m=0 (@ 1 (b) 2 @ 3 @d4 ‘What is the maximum numbers of electrons that can be associated with the following set of ) dy 4 2 quantum numbers? 2013 n=3,1=1andm=-1 @6 4 ©2 @u0 The orbital angular momentum of a p-electron is given as: NCERT | Page-S5 / N-55|2012.M A A ake Bah © Da ® Bx ») Ba eh © BF @ ver The correct set of four quantum numbers for the valence electron of rubidium atom (Z= 37) is (2012 (a) 5,4,1+12 (b) 6,0,0, + 1/2 (©) 5,0,0,+1/2 — @) 5,1,0,+ 1/72 Maximum number of electrons in a subshell with : 1=3 and n=4is: 2012 (a) 14 (b) 16 ©) «10 @d) 12 If n = 6, the correct sequence for filling of electrons will be: NCERT'|Page-62//IN-62 2011 (a) ns > (n-2) f> (nl) dnp (b) ns > (n—1)d > (n~2)f> np (c) ns > (n—2)f mp > (n-Id (d) ns > mp(n- Id >(n-2F 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. Chemistry The total number of atomic orbitals in fourth energy level of an atom is : 2011 (@ 8 (oF) 16 (©) 32, (dy 4 Which of the following is not permissible arrangement of electrons in an atom? NCERT | Page-S6 / N-56 | 2009 (@ n=5, =+12 (b) n=3, (© n=3, @ n=4, -12 Maximum number of electrons in a subshell of an atom is determined by the following: NCERT | Page-56 / N-56 | 2009 (@ 20+1 (b) 47-2 (©) 2n? (d) 41+2 Consider the following sets of quantum numbers: n tom s @ 3 0 0 +12 @2 2 1 +12 @i)4 3-20-12 (iv) 1 o -1 — 12 (wv) 3 2 3 +12 Which of the following sets of quantum number isnotpossible? _| NCERT | Page-S7/'N-S7| 2007 @) (@, Gi), Gi) and (iv) (b) (ii), (iv) and (v) (©) (and (iii) @)_ Gi), (ii) and (iv) The orientation of an atomic orbital is governed by NCERT | Page-55 / N-S5 | 2006 (@)_ Spin quantum number (’) Magnetic quantum number (©) Principal quantum number (4) Azimuthal quantum number The ions O?-, F-, Nat, Mg?* and AP* are isoelectronic. Their ionic radii show 2008 (a) A decrease from 0? to F and then increase from Na* to A+ (b) A significant increase from 02 to AP* (©) A significant decrease from 0? to AP* (@) An increase from 0% to F> and then decrease from Na* to AB*Class-XI/Chapter-2/Structure of Atom 69. Which of the following is isoelectronic? 2002 (a) CO,,NO, (b) NO, CO, (©) CN=,CO (@) SO;,CO, 70. The following quantum numbers are possible for how many orbital (s) n = 3, /= 2, m=+2? 2001 @4 2000 @ 1 (&) 3 () 2 71. Set of isoelectronic species is (a) Nj, CO, CN-, 0, (b) N,H,S,0 (©) Nz, CO, CN>, 032 (@) Ca, Mg, Cl 72. The ion that is isoelectronic with CO is 1997 (@ CN ()0;* © OF Nyt 73. The orbitals are called degenerate when 1996 (a) they have the same wave functions (b) they have the same wave functions but different energies (© they have different wave functions but same energy (d) they have the same energy 74. Ifelectron has spin quantum number + 1/2 and a magnetic quantum number — 1, it cannot be present in NCERT | Page-S6 / N-56 | 1994 (a) dorbital (©) orbital (©) p-orbital (@) s-orbital 75. For which one of the following sets of four quantum numbers, an electron will have the highest energy? NCERT | Page-S7/N-S7| 1994 n loom s @ 3 2 1 Wm oo) 4 2 +A 12 @© 4 1 0 =n @ 5 0 0 -12 (b) | 10 | (@) | 19 76. The order of filling of electrons in the orbitals, of an atom will be 1991 (a) 3d,4s, 4p, 4d, 5s (b) 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d (©) 5s, 4p, 3d, 4d, 5s. (d) 3d, 4p, 45, 4d, 5s 77. For azimuthal quantum number | = 3, the maximum number of electrons will be NCERT | Page-55/N-55 [1991 @2 6 @©oO @i4 78. Ina given atom no two electrons can have the same values for all the four quantum numbers. This is called NCERT | Page-62/N-62|| 1991 (a) Hund’s Rule (b) Aufbau principle (©) Uncertainty principle (@)_Pauli’s Exclusion principle. 79. Anion has 18 electrons in the outermost shell, itis 1990 (a) Cut (6) Th (©) Cst (d) K* 80. The total number of electrons that can be accommodated in all the orbitals having principal quantum number 2 and azimuthal quantum number 1 is 1990 (@) 2 (b) 4 () 6 @8 81. The maximum number of electrons in a subshell is given by the expression NCERT | Page-S6/N-S6| 1989 (@) 4!-2 (b) 41+2 (©) 2+2 (d) 2n? 82. Number of unpaired electrons in N2* is @2 0 @©1 @34 83. The number of spherical nodes in 3p orbitals are NCERT | Page-59 / N-59 | 1988, (b) three () none (d) two 1989 (a) one 46 | (b) | 55 | (a) | 64 | (b) | 73 | (a) | 82 | (c) () [11 | © [20 | (@) | 29 | @ | 38 | © (d) | 65 | (d) | 74 | (4) | 83 | (a) (@) | 12 | (@) | 24 (a) | 66 | (b) | 75 | () (b) | 13 | (a) | 22 49 | (a) | 58 | (c) | 67 | (b) | 76 | (b) (b) | 14 | (© | 23 50 | (©) | 59 | (@ | 68 | (@) [77] @) (d) | 15 | (c) | 24 | (c) | 33 | (a) | 42 | (d) (©) | 69 | (c) | 78 | (a) (©) | 16 | (b) | 25 | © | 34 | @ | 431 @ (a) | 70 | (@) | 79 | (@) (a) | 47 | (b) | 26 | (©) | 35 | (a) | 44 |) @)| 71 | © | 80 | () welelalalnjalelr |= (a) | 18 | (a) | 27 | (b) | 36 | (©) | 45 | @) () | 2 | @ [81 |)Chemistry Fiints & Solutions (b)_ Given v= 1,368 kHz = 1368 x 103 Hz Wavelength = v e =3%10" =2193m ~ 1368%10° he ) B= HN 6.621077 «3x 10!° x 6.021073 K 1.19108 4 —— ergs mo he _ 6.63x107*4 x3x108 a 45x10°° 4.42 x 10-18 J yz Fe] Law of photochemical equivalence is the Fi] fundamental principle relating to chemical 6. reactions induced by light which states that for every mole of a substance that reacts 6.022 x 1023 ‘quanta of light are absorbed. The photochemical ‘equivalence law is also sometimes called the stark-Einstein law, (b) c= 0d x107 6x10 (b) Given: Ey = 25eV; E, = 50 eV he fe Bde Kok On By hy aE 0 nm 1 1, 502 1= 2h, (a) KE per atom (44 10" )-(4.0 «1071?) 10. 12. 13. (9 E28 cole Balancing the mass and atomic numbers on both sides $9. +) n 989 Co+l H Thus X should be Ni (@ E=hv _ 3x108 x10! =3.75«10%m In nanometer . = 3.75 10 which is closest to 4x10l (a) 92U?95 + gn! 92+0=54+38+a—>a=0 235 + 1= 139 +94 +b => b=3 So, X=3 gn! i.e, 3 neutrons, (@) x, 1 A 54Xel? + sg5r4 4 OX (©) The energy of photon, he 19 E = = =3.03x10 a = $:626 1074 x3x108 ora 3.03x10°"? or k= ee 107 = 6.56 10-7m= 656 nm (a) Mass number is affected by emmision of a-particle while B-particle has negligible mass does not effect mass number: e.g. 2X 2979 XA4_B yy ay KASH B zxa4 (5x4 —=b, gy 8, Nt No, of neutrons = Mass number~No. of proton ~5=9Class-XI/Chapter-2/Structure of Atom 14, (©) 1 atom of 335U on fission gives energy =32x10Ny 6.023 = 1023 atom (1 mole) on fission gives energy = 3.2 x 10"! x 6.023 x 1023 J 1g of 335U on fission gives energy 6.023 2 = 3.2x10'7J =8.2 x 107 235 aoe 15. (©) KE, of emitted electron is smaller than . the incident photon, KE of emitted electron = hy ~ hv, ‘where hy = work function. {work function is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from the surface of the material Energy of the incident photon = hv maximum Kinetic energy of the photoelectrons depend upon the frequency of the light not on the intensity of light. 16. (b) Wave nature of electron was shown by Davison and Germer. Davisson and Germer demonstrated the physical reality of the wave nature of electrons by showing that a beam of electrons could also be diffracted by crystals just like light of x-rays. 17. (b) Cathode rays are not electromagnetic waves. 18. (a) When a radioactive elements emits a or B particle the new element formed may have unstable nucleus. It may further disintegrate by emitting a- or B particle forming a new element. This process of integration may continue till end product formed, is a stable compound. 19, (d) Mass number — atomic number Given number of neutron = 2 Mass number will be 3 and atomic number will be one. 20. (a) Emission of a-particle (He) leads to decrease of 2 units of charge. eg. 9 U8 __, 9 Th4 4 He? 21. (d) (A) Atoms consist of three fundamental particles : Electrons, protons and neutrons (D) Protons and neutrons present in the nucleus are collectively called as nucleons. So, the correct statements are B, C, E only. 22. (d)_ According to Bohr’s atomic model 2 roc“ ; 3rd orbit of Li2* (m)=3 =3 = 2" orbit of He* (ny) =2 (5), 2 105.8 pm (75), = 158.7 pm 23. (b) Balmer series 24. (©) nk =2nr ry = 52.9 x (2) pm. 2 x 529%4 2 2= 211.6 mpm (©) The electrons has more negative energy in lower orbits that in higher orbit and also the electrons are more tightly bound in the smallest allowed orbit. 25, Energy of an electron at infinite distance from the nucleus is zero. As an electron approaches the nucleus, the electron attraction increases and hence the energy of electron decreases and thus becomes negative. Thus as the value of n decreases, i lower the orbit is, more negative is the energy of the electron in it. 26. (© Energy of photon obtained from the transition 1 = 6 to n = 5 will have least energy. AE =13.622 (a Bx E Ey z =~328 ki/mol & Baa eerd = kJ/mol = -82 kI/mol 28. () LE.=E,-E, 2.18 x 10-18=E,-0 E, =2.18 x 10-18 J-atom™! AE =£, G 3] 1a => Av=2.18 x 10718 (5-4) 15 => 6.625 x 10-4 x y= 2.18 x 10°18 x 16 218x108 x15 ove oa 6.625x104 x16 => v=3.08« 1015 st 29. (a) Suppose the nucleus of hydrogen atom have charge of one proton +e. The electron revolves in an orbit of radius 7 around it, Therefore the centripetal force is supplied by electrostatic force of attraction between the electron and nucleus i.e, now total energy (£,)= K.E + PE in first excited state For Bohr orbit, kinetic energy = ~Total energy and Potential energy = 2 x Total energy. Ste 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. Chemistry (©) Energy of electron in 2nd orbit of Li*? 2 ZI doe a 13.66) n Qy Energy required = 0 — (~30.6) = 30.6 eV (@) Radius of hydrogen atom = 0.530 A, ‘Number of excited state (n) = 2 and atomic number of hydrogen atom (Z) = 1. We know that the Bohr radius. 2 = a s30 «a =4x 0.530=2.12 A (>) Both He and Li* contain 2 electrons each, therefore their spectrum will be similar. (a) Radius of n'® orbit = r, 7? . (for H-atom) (a) State of hydrogen atom (n) = I (due to ground state) Radius of hydrogen atom (r) = 0.53 A. Atomic number of Li (Z) =3. Radius of Li?* ion =-30.6 eV rx (n) > 332-0174, (a) The ionization energy of any hydrogen like species (having one electron only) is given by the equation 2n?Z?met ee me or 7 Since the atomic number of H is | and that of He is 2, therefore, the LE. of He* is four times (2?) the LE. of Hite, 13.6 x 4=54.4eV For H-like particles, 21,8%10719 2 n? 1312 2 = 2? ka/mol LE= TE x 2 Z7Vatom LB=6,,~E, ~CLE,Z2) 2PxiBy LE=4xLEq LE=9x1Ey (©) Energy of an electron in Bohr’s orbit is Now for Het, Z=2 for Li?*, given by the relationship. Ey,Class-XI/Chapter-2/Structure of Atom 37. (a) 4=300nm, a 300x107? = 6.627 x 10-19 For 1 mol => E = 6.627 x 10-19 x 6.023 x 1073 9.91 x 104 J mol! 99 x 105 J mol"! chy =$+KE. . ¢=hv-KE. = 3.99 x 105 — 1.68 x 105 = 2.31 « 10° J mol"! 38. (©) For hydrogen like atoms energy of 2s-orbital and 2p-orbital is equal. 2 - A. 86x10 9. @) 0.66%100 my (a) Ax=mAv Substituting the given values of Ax and m, we get 110718 gem s! = 9x10°8 g x Av 1x10 m. h 41. (a) We know Ap.Ax>— 4an h or mAv: Ax =—— Ap=mAy] 4n since Ap = Ax (given) h h =. Ap-Ap=— ora a Ap-Ap=—— ormav may = 2 or (Av) or Av= (ay) nm? h 42, (a) We know that Ax-Ap 2 4 Ax-mby > an h Av> 4nd ”” 6.62610 4nx0.1x10-'? x9.11x107! 66 © 4nx9 43. (d) By | Ave x107 = 5.79 * 106 mis Heisenberg uncertainty Principle Ax-Ap > 2 (which is constant) an 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. As Ax for electron and helium atom is same thus momentum of electron and helium will also be same and the uncertainty in momentum of helium atom is equal to 5 x 106 kg ms~! (©) Ace. to de-Broglie, h _ fk 6.625x10%4 ~ PMT To => p = 6.625 x 10-!7 kg m/s (@)_ Given mass of an electron(n)=9.1 108 g; ‘Velocity of electron (v) = 3 x 10* cm/s; a Accuracy in velocity = 0.001% oer, ‘Actual velocity of the electron (Av) = 3104 x 0-001 ).3em/s 100 5 Planck’s constant () = 6.626% 10-7erg-sec. ©. Uncertainty in the position of the electron h 6.626107" x7 @e= qnnxo.\xlo™)xod 4rmAv — 4x22x(9.1x10*)x0.3 =1.930m. * Ze Ze” () PE.=work done = J-—3-dr =-=— =e Kinetic and potential energy of atoms results from the motion of electrons. When electrons are excited they move to a higher energy orbital farther away from the atom. The further the orbital is from the nucleus, the higher the potential energy of an electron at that energy level. When the electron retums to a low energy state, it releases potential energy in the form of kinetic energy. (a) It is uncertainty principle which was given by Heisenberg and not Bohr’s postulate. (a) 1221+] > 1 a) |; 0123 subshell:s p df , L= 1 => 2pyn=3,1=2 => 3d; | 1=0 => 3s; n=2,1=0= 2s (A) - Gili), (B) - Gv), (©) - Gi), (D) - (c) The shapes of d?, *, * and d 2 are 2 similar to each other and that of (is different,SL. (a) Sf 6p Sp 4d Sf> 6p > Sp>4d 52. (d)_ Total number of nodes = (n ~ 1) 3=n-1 > n=4 ‘Number of angular nodes = 1 = 3 => f-subshell (@)_ The correct configuration of *N” is HOG (a) Two electrons occupying the same orbital should have opposite spins i.e. they differ in spin quantum number. (a) 4.2 and d,2 _,2 have electron density concentrated on the axis, others have electron density between the axis. (@)_ (+ D) mule can be used, Titanium is a multi electron system (m+DBs << 3p < 4s < + toe L GB+O=3 GrI)=4 G@+o=4 57. (a) Given:n=3,1=1,m=0 Hence orbital is 3p 10 4 CET) hence the number of orbital identified by m = 0 can be one only. 58. (ce) 2=3 43" shell > p sub shell, ~ 1 is possible for two electrons present in i is fixed for P, orbital but P, and P, orbital can take any value among £1 54. 56. 3d @B+2=5 If (m + D) values are same, then value of "n"" has to be considered. The orbital with lower n value is filled first. 59. (a) Orbital angular momentum h sm Vl(l+l 2n ? For p orbital ¢ = 1 h So,= 35 2 = 60. 61. 62. 63. 64, 65. 66. 67. 68. Chemistry (©) Electronic configuration of Rb = [Kr] 5s! Set of quantum numbers, n= 5 £=0, -. s-orbital m =0,s=+1/2 ‘The other possible answer is 5, 0, 0, -1/2. In an orbital any electron can have the value of 1/2, Itcan be +1/2 or -1/2. (a) (1=4,1=3) = 4fsubshell Since, maximum no. of electrons in a subshell =2Q1+1) So, total no. of electron in 4fsubshell =2(2x3+1)= 14 electrons, (a) When n= 6, the sequence of filling of electrons: 6s —>4f —+5d —>@ or ns —>(n~2)f —> (nd —> np (b) Total no. of atomic orbital in a shell = 17. Given n = 4; hence number of atomic orbitals in 4" shell will be 16. (vb) m= 20 +1, thus for / = 2, m = 5, hence values of m will be —2,-1, 0, + 1, +2. Therefore for != 2, m cannot have the value ~ 3. (a) The number of subshell is (2/ + 1). The ‘maximum number of electrons in the sub shell is 020+ 1) = (414 2) (b) Gi) is not possible for any value of 1 because / varies from 0 to (n — 1) thus for = 2, Lean be only 0 and 1. (iv) is not possible because for = 0, m = 0. (¥) is not possible because for / = from ~2 to +2, (b) Magnetic quantum no. represents the orientation of atomic orbitals in an atom. For example py py & p, have orientation along X-axis, Y-axis & Z-axis, Amongst ,m varies isoelectronic species, ionic radii of anion is more than that of cationsClass-XI/Chapter-2/Structure of Atom 69. 70. 1. Td. 7B. 4. 5. 16. Further size of anion increases with increase in -ve charge and size of cation decreases with increase in + ve charge. Hence, ionic radii decreases from O- to Al* (©) Both CN" and CO have 14 electrons, (a) Quantum number n = 3, / = 2, m = +2 represgnt one of the 3d-orbitals with 2 which is possible only for one orbital (©) The molecule which contains same number of electrons are called isoelectronic. eg. N, = CO= CN” = O87 = 14e~ (a) We know that ions which have the same number of electrons are called isoelectronic. We also know that both CO and CN have 14 electrons, therefore these are isoelectronic. (4) The orbitals which have same energy are called degenerate orbitals e8. Ps Py P,- (@) For s-orbital; /=0 Thus value of m must be zero, which is given as —| in the question. Hence, the electron can not be present in s-orbital. (b) The sub-shell are 3d, 4d, 4p and 5s, 4d has highest energy as n+ / value is maximum for this. (b) The sub-shell with lowest value of (1+ 1) is filled up first, When two or more sub- shells have same (n + 1) value the subshell with lowest value of ‘n’ is filled up first therefore the correct order is, orbital 4s 3d dp Ss Ad n+] 440 342 441 5+0 442 5 5 5 6 value 71. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. ered means f-subshell. Maximum no. of 4l+2=4x34+2=14 (d) This is as per the definition of Pauli’s Exclusion principle. (a) Cut=29-1=28e" thus the electronic configuration of Cu* is = Is? 2s? 2p® 3s? 3p® 3a! 1867 (©) n=2,1=1 means 2 p ~ orbital. Electrons that can be accommodated = 6 as p sub-shell has 3 orbitals and each orbital contains 2 electrons. (b) No. of orbitals in a sub-shell = 21+ 1 = No. of electrons = 2(2/ +1) =4/+2 (©) N(7) = 1s? 2s? 2p3 N= Is, 2822p.) Unpaired electrons = 1. (a) No. of radial nodes in 3p-orbital =(n-I-1) [for p ortbital /= 1] =3-1-1=1 There are two types of nodes, angular nodes and radial nodes. Angular nodes are typically flat plane. The quantum number I determines the number of angular nodes in an orbital. Radial nodes are spheres that occurs as the principal quantum number increases. Total nodes of an orbital is the sum of angular and radial nodes which is given by (n— 1).Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties properties of elements G 0 ia 019 018 Topic Name Sub-Topic __|Qns,|LOD|Qns,|LoD|Qns.|LoD|Qns.|LoD|ans.|LOD|Qns.|LOD| Modern periodic table | Modern periodic table 1/e a{e Isoelectronic species aie size variation Periodic trends in | Acidic /Basic Nature of Tle oxides ‘Atomic Radii trend 1[A onisation enthalpy trend 1/A LOD- Level of Difficulty Modern Periodic Table Top’ The IUPAC name of an element with atomic number 119 is NCERT | Page-80/'N-80 | 2022 (@) unnilennium =~ (6) unununnium (c) ununoctium (d) ununennium ‘Match the element in column I with that in column II. NCERT | Page-81/N&1| Ph-I1 2020 Column I Column It (A) Copper (i) Non-metal (B) Fluorine (ii) Transition Metal (C) Silicon (iii) Lanthanoid (D) Cerium (iv) Metalloid Identify the correct match : (a) (A)-G), (B)-(ii), (C)-ii), (D)-(iv) (b) (A)-Gi), (Biv), (C)-(i), (D)-Cii) (c) (A)-Gi), (B)-(i), (C)-iv), (D)-(iii) (d)_ (A)-Civ), (B)-ii), (C)-G), (D)-Ci) Identify the incorrect match, NCERT! Pages0/N-80| 2020 TUPAC Official Name (i) Mendelevium (ii) Lawreneium (ii) Seaborgium (iv) Darmstadtium Name (A) Unnilunium (B) Unniltrium (C) Unnithexium (D) Unununnium x Qns- No. of Questions (a) ©), Gi) (6) ©, Gi) © ©), @ ().@ The element Z = 114 has been discovered recently. It will belong to which of the following family/group and electronic configuration ? INCERT | Page-81/N-81| 2017 (a) Carbon family, [Rn] 5f14 6d!0 7s? 7p? (b) Oxygen family, [Rn] 5f!4 6d!° 7s? p+ (c) Nitrogen family, [Rn] 514 6d!° 75? 7p® (d) Halogen family, [Rn] 5/14 6d! 7s? 7p> An atom has electronic configuration 1s? 2s? 2p® 3s? 3p® 33 452, you will place it in which group? NCERT | Page-81//N-81 | 2002 (a) Fifth (b) Fifteenth (©) Second (@ Third The element with atomic number 118, will be NCERT| Page-81/N-81 1996 (a) alkali (b) noble gas (©) lanthanoid (d)_ transition element The electronic configuration of an element is 15?2s?2p63s?3p3, What is the atomic number of the element, which is just below the above element in the periodic table? NCERT | Page-81/N-81 | 1995 @ 33 (©) 36 (a) 49 (b) 34Class-XI/Chapter-3/Class 8. If the atomic number of an element is 33, it will be placed in the periodic table in the NCERT | Page-81/'N-81 | 1993 (b) Third group (@ Seventh group (a) First group (©) Fifth group | Topic-2: Periodic Trends in Properties of Nel Elements 9 The element expected to form largest ion to achieve the nearest noble gas configuration is NCERT | Page-87 / N-87 | 2023 (a) 0 (b) F ON @ Na 10. The correct order of first ionization enthalpy for the given four elements is NCERT | Page-88 / N-88 | 2022 (@) C (increasing ionic size) (6) B O-(g); AH” =-141 kJ mol O-(g) +e 4 OF (g); AH” = +780 kJ mol! Thus process of formation of O?> in gas phase is unfavourable even though O2- is isoelectronic with neon. Itis due to the fact that 20151RS (@) Electron repulsion outweighs the stability gained by achieving noble gas configuration (b) O- ion has comparatively smaller size than oxygen atom (©) Oxygen is more electronegative (4) Addition of electron in oxygen results in larger size of the ion, 19. Which of the following orders of ionic radii is correctly represented ? (NCERT [Page-87/N-67]2014 @) H>H>H (b) Na*>F->02- () F>OF>Nat @) ABS Mg N+ Which one of the following arrangements represents the correct order of least negative to ‘most negative electron gain enthalpy for C, Ca, Al, F and? (NCERT/PAge89/N-#9|)Kai: 2013 (a) CaKt> $2-> cr (b) Cr >S?>Cat*> Kt (©) S*>Cr>Kt> Cat (@) K*> Catt > cr > g2- Among the following which one has the highest cation to anion size ratio? 2010M (@ Csl (6) CSF (©) LiF (@) NaF Amongst the elements with following electronic configurations, which one of them may have the highest ionization energy? [2009 (a) Ne [3s23p2] (0) Ar [3d!4s24p3] (©) Ne [3s?3p!] (@) Ne [3523p] Which of the following electronic configuration of an atom has the lowest ionisation enthalpy? 2007 (a) 1s? 252 ap3 (b) 1s? 2s? 2p5 3s! (©) 1s? 25? 276 (d) 1s? 2s? ap5 Identify the correct order of the size of the following: 2007 (a) Ca? Mg?+ Al* > sid* (c) Nat > Mg?*> AB*> sit (@) Nat Ab+< sit One would expect proton to have very large 1993 (@) Charge (b) Ionization potential (©) Hydration energy (@) Radius. Which of the following sets has strongest tendency to form anions ? 1993 (@) Ga, In, TI (b) Na, Mg, Al © NOF @) V.CyMn Elements of which of the following groups will form anions most readily ? 1992 (a) Oxygen family (6) Nitrogen family (©) Halogens (@) Alkali metals In the periodic table, with the increase in atomic number, the metallic character of an element 1989 (a) Decreases in a period and increases in a group (b) Increases in a period and decreases in a group Increases both in a period and the group Decreases in a period and the group. (©) @)Chemistry 47. The electronic configuration of four elements 48. Paulling’s electronegativity values for elements | are given below. Which element does not are useful in predicting | belong to the same family as others? 1989 NCBRT | Page-91 /N-91 [1989 | (a) [xe]4pl4sal1s2 (a) Polarity of the molecules 10q<2 (b) Position in the E.M.F. series | @ ae (©) Coordination numbers | (©) [Ne]3s23p5 (@) Dipole moments. | (@ [Ar] 3d0 452 @ (b) | 16 | (b) | 21 a ad (b) () (a) | 26 | (b) | 31 | (a) | 36) @ | 41 | @ | 46 | (@) | 6 2/©|7 | @ | 12] @ [17] & | 22] @ | 27] @ | 32 ® | 37| © | 42 | © | 47| © 3/©| 8 | © | 13) @/ 18 | @ | 23 | © | 28 | @| 33 | & | 38 | @) | 43 | © | 48 | @ 4 /(@| 9 | © | 14] @) | 19 | a | 24 | ©) | 29 | @ | 34] @ | 39] @ | 44 | © 5 | @|10| @ [15 | ©| 20] @ | 25] © | 30| @ | 35| @ | 40 @ | 45) © e ° Fliuts €& Solutions (@) 119 =un-un—enn—-ium configuration (n — 1) d!~!® ns°~? ) which starts 2 © from group 3 and goes till group 12. Hence (A) Cu(29) = [Ar]3d!°4s! > d-block; with d? configuration it would be classified in transition metal. the fifth group. (B) F(9) = [He]2s?2p5 + p-block; non- 6. (b) Electronic configuration of element metal (gaseous). with atomic number 118 will be [Rn]5/!46d"° (C) Si(14) = [Ne]3s?3p? > p-block; ‘7s?7p®. Since its electronic configuration in the metalloid (solid). outer most orbit (ns?np®) resemble with that of (D) Ce(58) => [Xe]4,f'5d!6s? + f-block; (4/) inert or noble gases, therefore it will be noble Janthanoid (metal). gas element, Thus, option (c) is correct match. 7. (a) Atomic number of the given element 3. (c) Unununium (Z = 111), it is Rontgenium is 15 and it belongs to Sth group. Therefore (Rg) not Darmstadtium. atomic number of the element below the above 4, (a) After ,gRn Group 18), elements from element = 15 + 18 = 33, atomic number 8910 103(actinoids)areingroup 8. (¢)_ Element with Z= 33 114 = 103 + 11, Thus, element with atomic (1s?2s?np%3s%p5d!04o2p3) Lies in fifth (or 15th) number 114 will be in group (3 + 11) or group group. 14 (carbon family). 9 (©) For isoelectronic species, as the charge ‘The outer shell configuration of group 14 is on anion increases, ionic size increases ns? = np? O—> 0%, F— F, N—9 NB NaN Hence, only option (a) is correct. Jonic size order : N3- > Q2- > F>> Na* 5. (a) The electronic configuration clearly So, N forms N> anion with largest ionic si2° suggest that it is a d-block element (having SS =Class-XI/Chapter-3/Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 10. (@) Electronic configurations: C— Is? 28? 2p? ; O > 1s? 2s? 2p4; All four elements belong to period 2. Therefore, N ~ 1s? 2s? 2p? (half-filled) ; F > 1s? 2s? 2p5 Ist LE. increases along the period. But half- filled or completely filled orbitals get extra fi stability. So, the correct order ; CH>HY;02>F-> Nat; N*> Mg?*>AP* For isoelectronic species the size is determined by Z,g Higher the Zq, lower is the size of the ions/species. (a) As the nuclear charge increases, the force of attraction between the nucleus and the incoming electron increases and hence the elecron gain enthalpy becomes more negative, hence the correct order is Ca B. Further IP of O < N because atoms with fully or partly filled orbitals are most stable and hence have high ionisation energy. (a) Mg = 1522s?2p635? ‘After the removal of 2 electrons, the magnesium ion will acquire noble gas configuration hence removal of 3rd electron will require large amount of energy. (d) First ionisation potential of Be is greater than boron due to following configuration aBe = Is?, 25? ,B = 152, 25? 2p! Order of attraction of electrons towards nucleus 2s > 2p, so more amount of energy is required to remove the electron in 2s-orbital in comparison to 2p orbital. (b) Greater is the positive charge on atom, larger will be the effective nuclear charge. Hence smaller is the size. (D) N,Og is strongly acidic, ZnO and Al, Os are amphoteric, therefore, MgO is most basic. (a) Non metals form oxides with oxyget and thus reduce oxides of metals behaving @ reducing agents, (a) Abnormally high difference between 2nd and 3rd ionization energy means that the element has two valence electrons.Class-XI/Chapter-3/Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Proper 41. 42. 43. 45. (@) Atomic volume is the volume occupied by one mole of an element, Within a period from left to right, atomic volume first decreases and then increases due to increase in nuclear charge and increase in molar mass. (©) Amongst isoelectronic ions, the size of the cation decreases as the magnitude of the charge increases. (©) Proton (HI) being very small in size would have very large hydration energy. (©) N, Oand F (p-block elements) are highly electronegative non metals and will have the strongest tendency to form anions by gaining electrons from metal atoms, (©) Elements of halogen group form anions most readily. Electron affinity values are high in case of halogen because halogens have seven electrons (ns?np*) in the valence shell, they have a strong tendency to acquire the nearest inert gas configuration by gaining an electron from the ‘metallic atom and form halide ions easily. 46. (a) Metallic character decreases in a period and increases in a group, 47. (©) Blements (a), (b) and (d) belong to the same group since each one of them has two electrons in the s-sub shell. In contrast, element (0) has seven electrons in the valence shell and hence does not lie in the same group. 48. (a) Paulings electronegativity values for clements are useful in predicting polarity of the molecule. Pauling scale of electronegativity was helpful in predicting : (i. Nature of bond between two atoms (i) Stability of bond By calculating the difference in electronegativities, polarity of bond can be calculated.WY Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 0 5 5 ne 5 _TopicName |. _Sub-Topic_ 1S.|LOD|Qns.|LOD|Qns.|LOD/Qns.|LOD/Qns.|LODQns.|LOD| Electrovalent, Covalent and Co-ordinate Bonding Geestule ae Dipole moment and dipole moment TA bond polarity Polar/non-polar ale VSEPR theory and [structure and hybridisation] hybridisation VSEPR theory Filet delet eal molecular orbital theory/ Valence bond and Mendota afeyaja afafafalafa molecular orbital theory valence bond theory iA aT el aa E-Easy n Preemie | Topie-i: Hlectrovalent, Covalent and 4, Linus Pauling received the Nobel Prize for his Co-ordinate Bonding work on 1994 —_—___——__. (a) atomic structure (b) photosynthesis ‘Amongst the following the total number of species NOT having eight electrons around central atom in its outermost shell, is NH,, AICI, BeCl,, CCly, PC, : (©) chemical bonds (4) thermodynamics 5. Which of the following pairs will form the most stable ionic bond ?\NCERE |Page-106] 19% NCERE|Page-102/.N-102 |2023 @. -Naiandicl (®) Mgand F @3 2 ©4 @! © LiandF (@) Naand F 2, The comect sequence of increasing covalent 6 The weakest among the following types of character is represented by \NCERT|Page-112|2005 bonds is CERT | Page-106 | 1994 (a) LiCl < NaCl < BeCl, (a) ionic (b) covalent (b) BeCl, < LiCl < NaCl (©) metallic (@)_ H-bond (c) NaCI BCI, > CCl, (b) BeCl, < BCI, < CCl, < LiCl (©) LiCl BeCl, > BCL, > CCl, 10. Which of the following does not apply to metallic bond ? 1989 (@) Overlapping valence orbitals (6) Mobile valency electrons (©) Delocalized electrons (@ Highly directed bonds ctet Rule, Resonance and Hydrogen Bonding 11. Which of the following pairs of ions is isoelectronic and isostructural? |Ph-1L 2016; Similar 2015 (a) $02,N (b) Cl0;, $02- (©) COF,NO; (d) C10;, CO} 12. From the following pairs of ions which one is not an iso-electronic pair? ow (a) Fe2*, Mn2+ (6) 02%, F (©) Nat, Mg?* (d) Mn?*, Fe 13. Which of the following structures is the most preferred and hence of lowest energy for SO,? 2011 M lol . I gids @ Lay 0) 4% Oo Y a Ye oO {| lo () { @ t © ZN aS Gig “a oO 14. Which of the following is not a correct statement? INCERD| Page-109/'2006 (a) The canonical structures have no real existence (b) Every AB, molecule does in fact have square pyramidal structure (c) Multiple bonds are always shorter than corresponding single bonds (d) The electron-deficient molecules ean act as Lewis acids 16. 17. 18." 19. 20. AE InX—H— ¥,Xand Y both are electronegative elements 2001 (@)_ Electron density on X will increase and on H will decrease (b) In both electron density will decrease (©) Inboth electron density will increase (d) Electron density will decrease on X and will increase on H Which one of the following molecules will form a linear polymeric structure due to hydrogen bonding? 2000 (a) NH, (6) H,O © HC! @ HF In PO} ion, the formal charge on each oxygen atom and P—O bond order respectively are (NCERT | Page-104 | 1998 (a) -0.75, 0.6 (b) -0.75, 1.0 (©) -0.75, 1.25 (@) -3, 1.25 Strongest hydrogen bond is shown by (a) Water (6) Ammonia (©) Hydrogen fluoride (4) Hydrogen sulphide. Which one of the following formulae does not correctly represent the bonding capacities of 1992 the two atoms involved ? 1990 4 @ |H—P—H H » \A ee (©) oon os a (@) H-c=c So-n Which one shows maximum hydrogen bonding? INCERT | Page-132 [1990 (a) HO (b) HySe (©) HS @)_ HE Dipole Moment and Bond Polarity Which of the following molecules is non-polar in nature? 2021 (a) NO, (©) CH,O () Poci, (@) SbCl,