research

PROPOSAL
“A RESEARCH PROPOSAL CONCERNING THE RISK FACTORS CONTRIBUTING
TO CRIME PATTERNS IN KUMINTANG IBABA, BATANGAS CITY”

presented by:

Areglado, Marian Elizabeth P. Austria, Mark Daniel B.

Canda, Norman Carmelo III De Chavez, Ma. Francesca Theresa M.
Enriquez, Kritz Allen A. Obrador, Clarence Mendoza M.
presented by: GROUP 1
 1 TITLE

2 INTRODUCTION

3 RATIONALE/ PROBLEM ANALYSIS

4 LITERATURE REVIEW

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
5
THEORY APPLICATION

LIST OF 6
7
INTERVENTION PROGRAMS

CONTENTS 8
COLLABORATION AND STAKEHOLDER

ENGAGEMENT
9 INTENDED OUTCOMES
10 RESOURCE ALLOCATION

11 TIMELINE

12 EVALUATION METHOD

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
13
 a research proposal
CONCERNING THE RISK FACTORS
CONTRIBUTING TO CRIME PATTERNS IN
KUMINTANG IBABA, BATANGAS CITY
INTRODUCTION
Juvenile delinquency is the involvement in criminal acts by a juvenile between
the ages of 10 and 17. An individual’s behavior is called ‘Delinquent’ when a person
deviates from the course of a normal social life. Suppose a juvenile under the age defined
under a law displays behavior that may prove to be dangerous to society and/or to him. In
that case, he may be considered a juvenile delinquent. Juvenile criminals are any
criminals that are under 18 years of age, including boys and girls.

A juvenile delinquent is an incorrigible or habitually disobedient young person.

In recent times, due to several causes and circumstances, these illegal activities are
growing rapidly. Young children below the age of 18 years are at a higher risk of
becoming delinquent in difficult circumstances. They are surrounded by an environment
where parental alcoholism, poverty, family breakdown, overcrowding, violent conditions
in the household, the rising HIV/AIDS scourge, or the death of parents during armed
conflicts are predominant. To elaborate on these better, the following are the factors that
trigger this delinquent behavior among children.
INTRODUCTION

Family influence is another factor that has been proven to contribute to juvenile
delinquency. It is even suspected that family influence contributes to delinquent
behavior more than peer pressure. Research has proven that families in which
there is no strong emotional bonding tend to have juveniles who turn out to be
delinquent.

The reason is that the juveniles may develop psychological problems like
rejection and low self-esteem, leading to delinquent behavior. Other causes of
psychological problems like trauma and low self-esteem are also linked to
delinquency. The two can originate from sources outside the family.
INTRODUCTION
Children abused or exposed to family violence are likely to be delinquents.
Some studies have linked genes to delinquency, arguing that children whom
criminals and drug addicts raise are likely to become delinquent. Another risk is
a family in which there are no effective communication channels. Children
raised in this family may have issues they want to address, but they may lack an
audience.

This cause is likely to make them result in delinquent behavior. Non-

traditional families like reconstituted families and single-parent families may
also be a factor. Research has shown that children raised by single parents or
divorcees tend to be more delinquent than their counterparts raised in
traditional families.
INTRODUCTION

Routine activities theory is based on the idea that

offenders make rational choices about whether to commit a crime.
The idea is that crime is the result of people’s everyday behavior, of
how offenders and victims go about their daily lives. Crime is not
something extraordinary that requires a deep psychological
analysis. Instead, the theory says that for crime to occur, three
elements must be present, namely (1) a motivated offender, (2) a
suitable target, and (3) the absence of capable guardians. When
these three elements come together at the same time in the same
space, crime occurs.
 RATIONALE/ PROBLEM ANALYSIS
The researcher believes the findings of the study could suggest that
teachers’ perceptions and experiences of the problem could influence policy-
makers to intervene in addressing the problem.

According to a survey conducted in Barangay Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas

City, most respondents consider family relationships to cause a crime
committed by a minor. In their view, most juvenile delinquents lack parental
care. The respondents say that children with parents abroad sometimes find
themselves in the wrong environment and “go astray.” Children who live on the
streets, and lack a home, are considered to be at risk. Childhood psychological
trauma, violence, imitation of criminal authorities, etc, are also cited as reasons
for juvenile delinquency.
 RATIONALE/ PROBLEM ANALYSIS
Below we will try to review the factors named by the respondents
from Barangay Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City, and explain the circumstances
that can cause the crime in minors.

A family, especially parents, plays a big role in the development of

the child/adolescent. Issues associated with family can be one of the risk
factors. These issues can be economic, social, etc. In Barangay Kumintang Ibaba,
Batangas City with the increasing number of immigrants the number of minors
left without a parent. For grandparents or other caregivers, sometimes it is
challenging to pay attention and supervise these children so they do not end up
in an unfavorable environment. Improper surroundings may push a
child/adolescent to commit a crime. The causes of committing a crime can be
domestic violence, parental indifference bad habits, etc.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

According to Barreda (2022), The low crime rate

has been identified as a predictor of a calm, orderly, and
secure neighborhood. Furthermore, a safe and secure
environment is essential in encouraging investment and
economic progress in a country. The causes and genesis
of crime are complex themes in which an individual's
social surroundings play a critical role.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
According to research, those who are predisposed to
criminal activity tend to come from low socioeconomic
backgrounds, have family problems, and associate with peer
groups that promote delinquency. The influence of the social
environment on crime stems from a combination of elements
influencing an individual's personality development, values,
attitudes, and social standards (Baysal, 2023).
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Moreover, a complex interaction of factors, including socioeconomic situations, influences
crime rates as indicated by Vargas (2023). Economic disparities generate settings of social and
economic suffering, in which individuals may resort to criminal activity to survive or improve their
economic situation. Poverty increases the risk of engaging in illicit activities such as theft, drug
trafficking, and property crimes because people have few genuine opportunities for growth. Crime
rates are also influenced by family structure. Children who grow up in unstable or dysfunctional
family circumstances marked by neglect, abuse, or parental criminality are more prone to
participate in criminal conduct. Poverty, unemployment, inequality, and other associated
socioeconomic variables all have a considerable impact on crime rates. Understanding this
connection is critical for establishing successful crime prevention programs that target the
underlying reasons of criminal conduct. We can create safer, more inclusive communities and
lower crime rates by focusing on lowering poverty, increasing work opportunities, resolving
educational gaps, strengthening family structures, and improving community resources. A
comprehensive approach that addresses the socioeconomic variables that contribute to crime
would aid in the development of stronger communities and the promotion of social justice.
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The Routine Activity Theory dives into the circumstances surrounding
crime occurrence, rather than delving into the psychological makeup
of offenders. It proposes that three key elements must converge in
space and time for a crime to take place

1. Motivated offender: Someone with the intention and capability to

commit a crime.
2. Suitable target: An object or person perceived as valuable and
vulnerable by the offender.
3. Absence of capable guardianship: Lack of deterrents like security
systems, watchful neighbors, or authorities within proximity.
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
1. Motivated offenders: Adolescents may be motivated by
various factors, including Peer pressure and the desire to gain
acceptance or status within a delinquent peer group. Seeking
excitement or thrills: Engaging in risky or illegal activities for
the adrenaline rush. Socioeconomic disadvantage:
Experiencing poverty, limited opportunities, and educational
challenges can increase frustration and lead to delinquency.
Mental health issues: Struggles with depression, anxiety, or
aggression can contribute to impulsive or reckless behavior.
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2. Suitable targets: Juvenile delinquency often
involves readily available targets like Unsecured
property: Homes, businesses, or parked vehicles
left open or inadequately protected. Public spaces:
Parks, playgrounds, or poorly lit areas with limited
supervision. Schools and other institutions: Theft,
vandalism, or drug use within school grounds or in
adjacent areas.
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
3. Absence of capable guardians: Lack of supervision and guidance
can leave minors vulnerable: (1)Weak parental monitoring:
Inattentive or uninvolved parents may not provide adequate
supervision or guidance, increasing the risk of delinquency.
(2)School disengagement: Feeling disconnected from school and
lacking positive role models can make youth more susceptible to
involvement in delinquent activities. (3)Community disconnect:
Lack of support systems and positive activities in the
neighborhood can leave adolescents with limited engagement in
prosocial activities, making them more susceptible to negative
influences.
 THEORY APPLICATION
The "Community Extension: Enhancing Youth Engagement,"
and "Parental Vigilance Initiative for Child Safety Program" seeks
to help improve crime prevention awareness among all members
of the community, especially the youth sector. The program's
goal is to reduce crime rates by providing knowledge and
guidance to the youth and parents regarding the consequences
associated with committing crime and how crimes of a common
kind can and should be avoided.
 THEORY APPLICATION

Furthermore, this program will address the key components

of this research, including the suitable target, motivated offender,
and absence of capable guardians. The aforementioned program
involves precautionary measures on dealing with the latter
factors; preventing individuals from being considered as either
suitable targets and/or motivated crime offenders and; how to
properly guide children without guardians from committing
crimes.
 INTERVENTION PROGRAMS

This research paper introduces the Safe

Communities program, a holistic intervention
grounded in Routine Activity Theory. The program
is strategically crafted to bolster security within
high-crime residential communities.
 INTERVENTION PROGRAMS

Target Group:

Our primary focus is on residential communities,

especially Kumintang ibaba, Batangas City, where
parents/Guardians, youth, and barangay officials
are the target group
 INTERVENTION PROGRAMS

Goals:

The aim of Safe Communities includes crime

reduction, community empowerment, and the
improvement of community relations
 INTERVENTION PROGRAMS
Activities Implementation:
"Community Extension: Enhancing Youth
Engagement" and "Parental Vigilance Initiative for
Child Safety Program"
During these weekend events, mentorship and
constructive activities will be offered for "Community
Extension: Enhancing Youth Engagement."
In addition, there will be twice-a-month "Parental
Vigilance Initiative for Child Safety Program" events.
 INTERVENTION PROGRAMS
Facebook Live will make these sessions available
online and physically present. Anyone living in the
Batangas City barangay of Kumintang, Ibaba is
welcome to join
By utilizing both physically present and online
channels, the Safe Communities initiative seeks to
optimize its influence by promoting a neighborhood
that is safer and more resilient through proactive
community engagement and teamwork.
COLLABORATION AND
STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT

The project involves key participants such as the

Local Government Unit (LGU), non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) (Tau Gamma Phi, Eagle’s Club,
and Batangas Varsitarian), the Department of the
Interior and Local Government (DILG), volunteers,
and the Kumintang Ibaba barangay.
INTENDED OUTCOMES

SHORT TERM OUTCOME

The program aims to increase public awareness and participation
MID-TERM OUTCOME
The program's goal is to reduce reported crimes within five
months and contribute to lower crime rates across the region by
monitoring behavioral changes at the individual level.
LONG-TERM OUTCOME
The program aims to reduce crime over three years by
encouraging individual behavior change and promoting a culture
of safety.
 RESOURCE ALLOCATION
CHARITY EVENTS

The project's funding will be sourced from a charity

event to be coordinated with the assistance of non-
governmental organizations (NGOs). The majority of the
budget for the charity event will be contributed by the
members of the NGOs. The collaborative event planned
with the NGOs is a fun run. If the organizers do not have
sufficient funds for the project, they will seek financial
support from the Local Government Units (LGUs).
 TIMELINE
Month 1:
Week 1-2: Program Launch
Charity events are coordinated with the assistance of non-governmental
organizations (NGOs).
Introduction to the "Enhancing Youth Engagement" initiative.
Recruitment of youth participants through local schools and community
outreach.
Establishing partnerships with local organizations for program support.
Week 3-4: Constructive Activities Kick-off
Commencement of twice-a-month constructive activities for youth.
Activities may include skill-building workshops, sports events, and cultural
programs.
Identification and recruitment of mentors from the community.
 TIMELINE
Month 2:
Week 1-2: Mentorship Programs
Structured mentorship sessions for participating youth.
Mentors guide and support the youth in setting personal
and academic goals.
Evaluation and adjustment of the program based on initial
feedback.
Week 3-4: Parental Vigilance Initiative Kick-off
Introduction of the "Parental Vigilance Initiative for Child
Safety Program."
Initial meetings to discuss safety concerns and strategies for
child safety.
 TIMELINE
Month 4:
Week 1-2: Youth Showcase Event
Organize an event to showcase the talents and
achievements of participating youth.
Encourage community involvement and support for the
program.
Week 3-4: Parental Vigilance Continued
Monthly meetings for parents to discuss successes, and
challenges, and share experiences.
Introduction of expert speakers on child safety and
community well-being.
 TIMELINE
Month 5:
Week 1-2: Culmination and Recognition
Closing ceremony to celebrate the achievements of the
youth and mentors.
Recognition awards for outstanding participation and
growth.
Week 3-4: Program Evaluation and Future Planning
Collect feedback from participants, mentors, and
parents for program evaluation.
Plan for the continuation and expansion of the initiative
based on the gathered insights.
 TIMELINE

By the end of the 5-month timeline, the "Community Extension:

Enhancing Youth Engagement" program aims to have made a
positive impact on the lives of participating youth,
strengthened community bonds, and contributed to a safer and
more positive community atmosphere. The Parental Vigilance
Initiative also aims to empower parents with the tools and
knowledge to actively contribute to the well-being of their
children and the community as a whole.
 EVALUATION METHOD

The chosen approach for gathering feedback

and data involves utilizing a survey questionnaire.
However, a potential limitation and challenge lie in the
honesty of respondents, as some may answer the
survey questions based on their motivation and
willingness.
 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
The project will handle ethical considerations, including informed
consent, participant confidentiality, potential risks, and cultural
sensitivity. The main purpose of informed consent is that the participant
is able to make an informed decision as to whether they will participate
in the evaluation or not. Confidentiality also ensures such identifying
information is excluded from any reports or published documents and
only assess those components that are of relevant to the program/study
being conducted. Researchers are responsible for ensuring that they
present their findings in an accurate and reliable manner. The project is
committed to following ethical guidelines and research protocols,
prioritizing the well-being and respect of all participants.