Eectrical Design Analysis

A. ILLUMINATION DESIGN

Designing a lighting system necessities consideration of the following factors:

1. Type of lighting system to be adopted: There are standard lighting systems for
different applications. The selection, however, depends upon the judgment and
imagination developed by the designer through experience.

2. LEVEL OF ILLUMINATION: This is the cardinal factor in any lighting system.

lighting system. Standards have been laid down after years ofresearch to provide
enough guidance in adopting correct levels of illumination. These standards are very
in different countries depending upon the consciousness. For lightingprevent and
general standard of living. Tables 1.2 give the level of illumination for domestic
applications generally adopted in India. However, these standards were also very according
to circumstances.

3. Number and type of luminaries to be used: The number and type of fixtures have to
be so chosen as to satisfy the requirement of the system of lighting and the level of
illumination decided upon:

4. Room index: This is the method of classifying and grouping the rooms (in case of
interior lighting), depending upon the layouts and dimensions of the rooms Room index
is used for determining the co-efficient of utilization defined under point 5 below.
Room indices can be obtained from the following:

a. For Direct, Semi direct and General Diffuse Light distribution.

Width of Room x Length of room

Mounting height x (width of Room+ Length of Room)

b.For Semi-indirect and Indirect Light distribution.

3 (width of Room x Length of room)

2 (Ceiling height above work plane) (Width of Room+ Length of Room)

5 CO-EFFICIENT OF UTILIZATION: This indicates the percentage of the

light emitted by the lamp which reaches the working plane. This factor takes in to
consideration reflecting efficiency, shape and mounting height of the luminaries, shape
and dimensions of the room to be luminaries and reflecting efficiency of the ceiling and
walls of the room.

BZ(BRITIS ZONAL) CLASSIFICATION:

BZ Classification is the modern method of classifying the light distribution
characterstics of light fixtures. This is done in accordance with the shape of its , Light
distribution curve (Polar curve) in the lowerhemisphere.

BZ numbers are represented by the theoretical polar curves. Ten theoretical direct ratio
curves are obtained from these polar curves. Similarly, actual direct ratio curve is obtained,
for a particular lighting fixture, from its polar curve. This direct ratio curve is then matched
with one of the above ten curves to find its BZ number. This method is extremely useful in
calculating the co-efficients of utilization of various lighting fixtures.

According to this method:

Cofficient of Utilization - (Lower flux. utilance x Downword light out put ratio) +
(Upper flux utilance x upward flux output ratio).

After determining the BZ number, co-efficient of utilization can be calculated by using

data of lower flux.utilance and upper flux utilance for the BZ number.
Co-efficients of utilization calculated as above are accurate· and reliable as they co- relate
to the contributions from upward and downward luminous flux separately on working
plane.

6 REFLECTION FACTOR :In case of interior lighting, the reflecting efficency

of the walls and ceiling plays a very important part. It depends on the materials and
colour of which they are made.

7 ABSORPTION FACTOR: This represents the percentage of net light flux

available after absorption in the atmosphere. The absorption may take place due to
contamination of the surrounding atmosphere with fumes, smoke, smog, dust etc.

8 MUTUAL ABSORPTION FACTOR: If more than one lamp per fixture

have to be used, there occurs a mutual absorption of light between the different lamps.
This factor takes account of such absorption.
9 · MAINTENANCE FACTOR: This determines the light which will
actually be available after the luminaire has been in service for some time. Reduction
in light 'is caused by the following three elements.

a. Reduction in light-output of fluorescent lamp. During the first 100 hrs. the fall in light
out is more rapid. Light emitted after this may be taken as fairly constant till 18000 hours
of service. The fall in light-output thereafter becomes more steep.

b. Loss of light because of reduction in reflecting efficiency of the walls and ceiling of the
This is caused. by accumulation of dust and dirt.

c. Absorption of light due to dust collection on the lamp, the reflecting and/or diffusing
surface of the luminaire because of exposure to atmosphere.

Loss of light as listed under item a is uncontrollable. Those listed under items b and c can
be minimized by proper maintenances. Values of the maintenance factor to be used
under different circumstances are as under:

Good and clear conditions 0.7-0.8

Average conditions 0.6-0.7
Poor and dirty conditions 0.5-0.6

For general lighting of an interior, the number of fixtures required is

calculated by use of the following formulas.

Are in sq.mtr. x desired level of illumination in lux

No. of fixtures :
Maintenance factor x cofficient of utilization x
No. of lamps per fixture x lumens per lamp .

The next step is to plan out a suitable layout of these fixtures so as to obtain a
uniform illumination on the plane concerned. At this stage, it is important to note that for
uniform level of illumination, the ratio of spacing to mounting height of the industrial
fixtures, should not, exceed the value 1.5. In case of decorative fixtures,this ratio may not
exceed.

The number as calculated above, however, is subject to some variations pending on the
type of interior, symmetry of installation, and aesthetic balance.

Apart from general lighting, it is sometimes necessary to provide local lighting. The type
and intensity of such lighting is governed by the merit of individual cases. At times,
economy and efficiency of the lighting system have to be compromised in favour of
aesthetics.
 1.2 ILLUMINATION LEVELS

Location Illumination Level

(lux)
Office 350-500
Lab 300-450
Bedroom:
a) General 150-200
b) Dressing tables, bed heads 100-200
Games or recreation room 100-150
Table games 300-350
Kitchen 400-500
Kitchen sink 300-350
Laundry 200-250
Bathroom 100-150
Bathroom mirror 250-300
operation room 700-1000
Workshop 300-400
Stairs and cerculation area 100-150
Car parking 150-200
Library 350-500
Lecture room 300-350
meeting room 300-350
Cafeteria 200-250
Musiem 50-150

In most cases the electrical installation design have been made by Lumen Method

1 .CAR PARKING

Illumination Level (LUX)= 120

Room area (M²) = 100.8
Length (M) = 12.60
Av.Width (M)= 8.00
Floor to floor height (M) = 3.06
Working area(M) = 0.8

LxW 100.8
Calculate room index = = = 2.165134462
H(L+W) (3.06-0.8) (12.6+8.00))
Then utilization factor UF=0.65
Maitenance factor MF=0.80

Calculate Ф rec = E*A = 100.80*150 = 12096 LUX

Ф rec 12096
Calculate Фins = = = 23261.54 LUX
UFxMF 0.65*0.8

Coefficient illumination of the selected fluorescent tube is =40LUMEN/WATT (CI)

Selected fixture is 2x36watt fluorescent tube

Фins
Number of lamp determination =
CIx lamp wattage x number of tube in one fixture

= = 8.076923 , we take eight

23261.54
40*36*2

2 .WORK STATION

Illumination Level (LUX)= 400

Room area (M²) = 31.8
Length (M) = 6.00
Width (M)= 5.30
Floor to floor height (M) = 3.06
Working area(M) = 0.8

LxW 31.8
Calculate room index = = = 1.245203227
H(L+W) (3.06-0.8)(6+4)
(6+5.3)
Then utilization factor UF=0.65

Maitenance factor MF=0.80

Calculate Ф rec = E*A = 31.8*500 = 12720 LUX

Ф rec 12720
Calculate Фins = = = 24461.54 LUX
UFxMF 0.65*0.8

Coefficient illumination of the selected fluorescent tube is =40LUMEN/WATT (CI)

Selected led fixture is 4x18watt fluorescent tube
 Фins
Number of lamp determination =
CIx lamp wattage x number of tube in one fixture

24461.54
= = 8.49359 , we take EIGHT
4*18*40

3 .CIRCULATION AREA

Illumination Level (LUX)= 150

Room area (M²) = 23.94
Length (M) = 11.40
Width (M)= 2.10
Floor to floor height (M) = 3.06
Working area(M) = 0.8

LxW 23.94
Calculate room index = = = 0.784660767
H(L+W) (3.06-0.8)(11.4+2.10)
Then utilization factor UF=1

Maitenance factor MF=0.80

Calculate Ф rec = E*A = 23.94*150 = 3591 LUX

Ф rec 3591
Calculate Фins = = = 4488.75 LUX
UFxMF 1*0.8

Coefficient illumination of the selected incandescent lamp is =20LUMEN/WATT (CI)

Selected fixture is RZB of 50watt

Фins
Number of lamp determination =
CIx lamp wattage x number of tube in one fixture

4488.75
= = 4.48875 , we take five for equal light distribution
20*50

4 .GALLARY

Illumination Level (LUX)= 300

Room area (M²) = 36.00
Length (M) = 6.00
Width av. (M)= 6.00
Floor to floor height (M) = 3.06
Working area(M) = 0.8

Calculate room index = LxW = 36.00 = 0.603813975

H(L+W) (3.06-0.8)(3+3)
(6+6)
Then utilization factor UF=1

Maitenance factor MF=0.80

Calculate Ф rec = E*A = 36*450 = 10800 LUX

Calculate Фins = Ф rec = 10800 = 13500 LUX

UFxMF 1*0.8

Coefficient illumination of the selected fluorescent tube is =40LUMEN/WATT (CI)

Selected fixture is 1x36watt fluorescent tube

Number of lamp determination = Фins

CIx lamp wattage x number of tube in one fixture

= 13500 = 16.875 , we take sixteen for even distribution

10*2*40 of light intensity

5 .RECEPTION

Illumination Level (LUX)= 300

Room area (M²) = 23.94
Av.Length (M) = 5.70
Width av. (M)= 4.2
Floor to floor height (M) = 3.06
Working area(M) = 0.8

Calculate room index = LxW = 23.94 = 1.868239921

H(L+W) (3.06-0.8)(3+3)
(5.70+4.20)
Then utilization factor UF=0.651

Maitenance factor MF=0.80

Calculate Ф rec = E*A = 23.948*300 = 7182 LUX

Calculate Фins = Ф rec = 7182 = 13811.54 LUX

UFxMF 0.65*0.8
Coefficient illumination of the selected fluorescent tube is =40LUMEN/WATT (CI)
Selected fixture is 2x36watt fluorescent tube

Number of lamp determination = Фins

CIx lamp wattage x number of tube in one fixture

= 13811.54 = 13.81154 , WE TAKE 12 FOR EVEN DISTRIBUTION OF LIGHT

20*50*1 INTENSITY

6 .ART SHOP

Illumination Level (LUX)= 300

Room area (M²) = 5.95
Av.Length (M) = 3.5
Av.Width (M)= 1.7
Floor to floor height (M) = 3.06
Working area(M) = 0.8

LxW 5.95
Calculate room index = = = 0.506296801
H(L+W) (3.06-0.8)(7+5)
(3.5+1.70)
Then utilization factor UF=1

Maitenance factor MF=0.80

Calculate Ф rec = E*A = 5.95*350 = 1785 LUX

Ф rec 1785
Calculate Фins = = = 2231.25 LUX
UFxMF 1*0.8

Coefficient illumination of the selected LED lamp is =20LUMEN/WATT (CI)

Selected fixture is 2x10watt

Фins
Number of lamp determination =
CIx lamp wattage x number of tube in one fixture

2231.25
= = 5.578125 , we take five
10*2*20

7 . CAFETERIA

Illumination Level (LUX)= 200

Room area (M²) = 38.4
Length (M) = 6.4
Width (M)= 6.00
Floor to floor height (M) = 3.06
Working area(M) = 0.8

LxW 38.4
Calculate room index = = = 1.370254068
H(L+W) (3.06-0.8)(7+5)
(6.4+6.00)
Then utilization factor UF=1

Maitenance factor MF=0.80

Calculate Ф rec = E*A = 38.4*250 = 7680 LUX

Ф rec 7680
Calculate Фins = = = 9600 LUX
UFxMF 1*0.8

Coefficient illumination of the selected incandescent lamp is =20LUMEN/WATT (CI)

Selected fixture is down light 50watt

Фins
Number of lamp determination =
CIx lamp wattage x number of tube in one fixture

9600
= = 11.85185 , we take twelve ceiling mounted
50*20

8 . WC

Illumination Level (LUX)= 250 and mirror light 300 lux

Room area (M²) = 4.675
Length (M) = 2.75
Width (M)= 1.7
Floor to floor height (M) = 3.06
Working area(M) = 0.8

LxW 4.675
Calculate room index = = = 0.464850353
H(L+W) (3.06-0.8)(7+5)
(2.75+1.70)
Then utilization factor UF=1

Maitenance factor MF=0.80

Calculate Ф rec = E*A = 4.675*250 = 1168.75 LUX

Ф rec 1168.75
Calculate Фins = = = 1460.938 LUX
UFxMF 1*0.8

Coefficient illumination of the selected incandescent lamp is =20LUMEN/WATT (CI)

Selected fixture is ceiling mounted light 70watt

Фins
Number of lamp determination =
CIx lamp wattage x number of tube in one fixture

1460.938 , we take three ceiling mounted and one wall mounted

= = 1.460938
20*70 because of three different partition are available on it

9 . KITCHEN

Illumination Level (LUX)= 450

Room area (M²) = 12.685
Length (M) = 4.3
Width (M)= 2.95
Floor to floor height (M) = 3.06
Working area(M) = 0.8

LxW 12.685
Calculate room index = = = 0.774183705
H(L+W) (3.06-0.8)(7+5)
(4.30+2.95))
Then utilization factor UF=1

Maitenance factor MF=0.80

Calculate Ф rec = E*A = 12.685*500 = 5708.25 LUX

Ф rec 5708.25
Calculate Фins = = = 7135.313 LUX
UFxMF 1*0.8

Coefficient illumination of the selected fluorescent lamp is =40LUMEN/WATT (CI)

Selected fixture is ceiling mounted light 2x36watt

Фins
Number of lamp determination =
CIx lamp wattage x number of tube in one fixture

7135.313
= = 2.477539 , we take two ceiling mounted
40*36*2
10 . INTERNET CAFÉ

Illumination Level (LUX)= 400

Room area (M²) = 37.05
AV.Length (M) = 6.50
AV.Width av. (M)= 5.70
Floor to floor height (M) = 3.06
Working area(M) = 0.8

Calculate room index = LxW = 37.05 = 2.891323688

H(L+W) (3.06-0.8)(3+3)
(7.00+6.00)
Then utilization factor UF=0.65

Maitenance factor MF=0.80

Calculate Ф rec = E*A = 91*300 = 14820 LUX

Calculate Фins = Ф rec = 2799.79 = 28500 LUX

UFxMF 0.65*0.8

Coefficient illumination of the selected fluorescent tube is =40LUMEN/WATT (CI)

Selected fixture is 4x18watt fluorescent tube

Number of lamp determination = Фins

CIx lamp wattage x number of tube in one fixture

= 28500 = 9.895833 we take 10 for even distribution of light

4*18*40 intensity

11 . MINI LIBRARY

Illumination Level (LUX)= 450

Room area (M²) = 40.8
Length (M) = 6.8
Width (M)= 6.00
Floor to floor height (M) = 3.06
Working area(M) = 0.8

LxW 40.8
Calculate room index = = = 1.41039823
H(L+W) (3.06-0.8)(7+5)
(6.80+6.0)
Then utilization factor UF=1

Maitenance factor MF=0.80

Calculate Ф rec = E*A = 40.80*350 = 18360 LUX

Ф rec 18360
Calculate Фins = = = 22950 LUX
UFxMF 1*0.8

Coefficient illumination of the selected fluorescent lamp is =40LUMEN/WATT (CI)

Selected fixture is ceiling mounted light 4x18watt

Фins
Number of lamp determination =
CIx lamp wattage x number of tube in one fixture

22950
= 4*18*40 = 7.96875 , we take nine, because the intensity should be minimum

12 . OFFICE

Illumination Level (LUX)= 500

Room area (M²) = 11.25
Length (M) = 4.5
Width (M)= 2.5
Floor to floor height (M) = 3.06
Working area(M) = 0.8

LxW 11.25
Calculate room index = = = 0.711125158
H(L+W) (3.06-0.8)(7+5)
(4.5+2.52)
Then utilization factor UF=1

Maitenance factor MF=0.80

Calculate Ф rec = E*A = 11.25*500 = 5625 LUX

Ф rec 5625
Calculate Фins = = = 7031.25 LUX
UFxMF 1*0.8

Coefficient illumination of the selected fluorescent tube lamp is =40LUMEN/WATT (CI)

Selected fixture is ceiling mounted light 4X18watt led and incandescent lamp by arch.
 Фins
Number of lamp determination =
CIx lamp wattage x number of tube in one fixture

7031.25
= = 2.441406 , we take two fluorescent tube
4*18*40

13 . CONFERENCE ROOM

Illumination Level (LUX)= 450

Room area (M²) = 40.8
Length (M) = 6.8
Width (M)= 6.00
Floor to floor height (M) = 3.06
Working area(M) = 0.8

LxW 40.8
Calculate room index = = = 1.41039823
H(L+W) (3.06-0.8)(7+5)
(6.80+6.0)
Then utilization factor UF=1

Maitenance factor MF=0.80

Calculate Ф rec = E*A = 40.80*350 = 18360 LUX

Ф rec 18360
Calculate Фins = = = 22950 LUX
UFxMF 1*0.8

Coefficient illumination of the selected fluorescent lamp is =40LUMEN/WATT (CI)

Selected fixture is ceiling mounted light 4x18watt

Фins
Number of lamp determination =
CIx lamp wattage x number of tube in one fixture

22950
= = 7.96875 , we take nine, because the intensity should be minimum
4*18*40