Renal Anatomy MCQs for Student Exam

1. What is the functional unit of the kidney?

a) Nephron

b) Alveolus

c) Osteon

d) Neuron

Answer: a) Nephron

2. Which structure in the kidney is responsible for filtering blood?

a) Renal tubule

b) Glomerulus

c) Loop of Henle

d) Collecting duct

Answer: b) Glomerulus

3. Where is the kidney located in the human body?

a) Thoracic cavity

b) Abdominal cavity

c) Pelvic cavity

d) Cranial cavity

Answer: b) Abdominal cavity

4. Which of the following hormones is primarily produced by the kidney?

a) Insulin

b) Glucagon

c) Erythropoietin
d) Cortisol

Answer: c) Erythropoietin

5. What is the name of the structure that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?

a) Urethra

b) Ureter

c) Nephron

d) Renal artery

Answer: b) Ureter

6. Which of the following is NOT part of the nephron?

a) Bowman's capsule

b) Loop of Henle

c) Glomerulus

d) Renal pelvis

Answer: d) Renal pelvis

7. Which part of the kidney is responsible for reabsorbing water and solutes from the filtrate?

a) Proximal convoluted tubule

b) Distal convoluted tubule

c) Collecting duct

d) Renal corpuscle

Answer: a) Proximal convoluted tubule

8. The renal medulla is primarily composed of which structures?

a) Glomeruli
b) Renal pyramids

c) Renal cortex

d) Renal pelvis

Answer: b) Renal pyramids

9. Which vessel brings blood into the glomerulus?

a) Renal artery

b) Afferent arteriole

c) Efferent arteriole

d) Renal vein

Answer: b) Afferent arteriole

10. The juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates the function of each nephron. What is one of its primary functi

a) Regulate blood pressure

b) Produce urine

c) Filter blood

d) Detoxify blood

Answer: a) Regulate blood pressure