REVIEW ON STRUCTURAL MECHANICS I:

STATE OF STRESSES DUE TO COMBINED LOADS

Objectives:
• To explain the procedure for establishing the
resultant normal and shear stress components at
a point in a member subjected to several different
types of loading simultaneously
PROCEDURE FOR ESTABLISHING THE STATE OF
STRESS AT A POINT IN A MEMBER SUBJECTED TO
SEVERAL DIFFERENT TYPES OF LOADINGS
 PROBLEM # 1

The member shown above is subjected to the

horizontal load P = 400 N. Determine the state of
stress at points A and B.
 PROBLEM # 1

Centroid
P= 400N (tensile)
A M = –400×25 = –10,000 N-mm
(–ve M will cause tension
above NA and compression
B below NA)
Neutral Axis

Due to the P and MNA acting at centroid, the points A and B will be subjected
to the following state of stress:

Resultant Stresses:
 PROBLEM # 2

For the member shown above determine the state

of stress at points A and B.
The member at section a-a has a rectangular cross-
section of dimensions 0.5 in. x 0.75 in.
 PROBLEM # 2
M V a
P

2in 1.25in

a 250 ´ 4
= 200lb
5
250 ´ 3
= 150lb
5

The state of stress at A and B are as follows:

The cross-section of the member has

following internal loading at its centroid:

Resultant Stresses:
 PROBLEM # 3

Determine the maximum and minimum normal

stress in the bracket at section a when the load is
applied at x = 50 mm.
 PROBLEM # 3
4kN NA
50-15
=35mm
Centroid

P at centroid = 4 kN (C)
MNA = 4 × 103 × 35
30mm = 14´104 N-mm ( )
NA At Centroid
A B
P = 4000 N (C)
20mm
C M = 14 × 104 N-mm
a
 PROBLEM # 4

The stepped support is subjected to the bearing

load of 50 kN. Determine the maximum and
minimum compressive stresses in the material.
 PROBLEM # 4
Considering the top of the support
Centroid
P = 50 × 103 N
100mm M=0

Considering the bottom of the support:

60mm
30 mm NA \ sat any point on cross-section
20 mm

Centroid:
NA
100 mm

A B x Maximum and minimum compressive

stresses in the support material are as
follows:

50mm 50mm
 PROBLEM # 5

The chimney as shown above is subjected to the

uniform wind loading of w = 150 lb/ft and has a
weight of 2200 lb/ft. If no tensile stress is allowed
to develop in the material, determine if the chimney
is safe . Take d = 6 ft and t = 1 ft.
 PROBLEM # 5
lb
The total weight of the chimney W = 2200 ´ 30 ft = 66, 000 lb = P
ft
Mmax due to wind loading will be about the base of chimney
30 30
M max = FR × = w ´ 30 ´ = 150 ´ 30 ´ 15 = 67500 lb-ft
2 2
p
NA
Centroid:
A=
4
(6 2
- 42 ) = 15.707 ft 2
NA
p p
A B
P = 66,000 lb Iy =
4
( r
o
4
- ri 4 ) =
4
( 4
3 - 24 )
M NA = 67500 lb-ft ( )
t
2f
= 51.0508 ft 4

It is clear that point A will be subjected to carry compressive stress. Let us see if the point B can
be subjected to tensile stress.
 PROBLEM # 6

The cylinder of negligible weight rests on a smooth

floor. Determine the eccentric distance ey at which
the load can be placed so that the normal stress at
point A is zero.
PROBLEM # 6
A = p r2

NA p
Ix = r4
4
Centroid:
A y
P=P x
Mx = Pey ( )
 PROBLEM # 7

For the beam as shown above, determine the state

of stress at point B.
 PROBLEM # 7
Reaction at support D
4kN 375+250=625mm
=0.625m
D C
2m 1.75m
Dy Cy
SM about C = 0
-3.75 Dy + 4 ´ 0.625 = 0
\ Dy = 0.666 kN = 666.66 N
Internal forces at B

4000N M
0.625m
P
2m 0.75m B

Dy=666.66 N V
 PROBLEM # 7---contd.
Therefore, the centroid of the cross-section at B will be subjected to the following internal
loading: P = 4000 N , V = 666.66 N , and M NA = 666.66 N -m

20mm
15mm 150 ´ 2403 135 ´ 2003
I NA = -
N A 200mm 12 12
= 828 ´105 mm 4
20mm A = 150 ´ 240 - 135 ´ 200 = 9000 mm 2
B
150mm

The state of stress at B will be:

 PROBLEM # 8

The solid rod is subjected to the loading shown.

Determine the state of stress at point C.
 PROBLEM # 8
Internal loading at location C
y
My 104 N
Mx Vy Vz
450mm 30mm
C
Px x
30mm 30mm 200 N-m
150mm

Mz 15×103 N
z 104 N
SFx = 0 Þ - Px + 104 = 0 Þ Px = 104 N
SFy = 0 Þ Vy - 104 = 0 Þ Vy = 104 N
SFz = 0 Þ -Vz + 15 ´ 103 = 0 Þ Vz = 15 ´ 103 N

SM about x - axis = 0
30 30
Þ M x - 15 ´ 103 ´ + 104 ´ - 200 = 0 Þ M x = 350 N -m
1000 1000
SM about y - axis = 0
150
Þ M y - 15 ´ 103 ´ =0 Þ M y = 2250 N -m
1000
SM about z - axis = 0
450 30
Þ M z - 104 ´ + 104 ´ =0 Þ M z = 4800 N -m
1000 1000
 PROBLEM # 8----contd.
y
Centroid
My M y = 2250N-m (induce comp. s at C)
C
0m
m z Px = 104 N (induce tens. s at C)
3

Vy = 104 N (induce t max at C)

y
M x = T = 350 N-m(induce t max at C)
My 10 N
4

Mx Vy Vz
450mm 30mm
C
Px x
30mm 30mm 200 N-m
150mm

Mz 15×103 N
z 104 N

Out of the above internal loading at

location C on the beam,
• Px will induce tensile normal stress
•My will induce compressive normal stress
•Mz will induce no normal stress because C
is on the z-axis
•Mx = T will induce maximum shear stress
•Vy will induce maximum shear stress
•Vz will induce no shear stress because C is
on the z-axis
 PROBLEM # 9

Determine the state of shear stress t at points A, B, and C on

the section of a solid circular shaft at location S-S located 3 m
from the free-end as shown above.
 PROBLEM # 9

(tyz)A
p 4 ´ 50
-2000 ´ (50) 2 ´
(t yZ ) A due to Vy = 2 3p = -0.339 N/mm 2
p
(50) 4 ´100
4
(t yZ ) A due to Vz = 0
+105 ´ 50
(t yZ ) A due to Tx = p
= +0.509 N/mm 2
(50) 4
2
 PROBLEM # 9
(tyz)C p 4 ´ 50
-2000 ´ (50) 2 ´
(t yZ )C due to Vy = 2 3p = -0.339 N/mm 2
p
(50) 4 ´100
4
p 4 ´ 50
+1000 ´ (50) 2 ´
(t yZ )C due to Vz = 2 3p = +0.169 N/mm 2
p
(50) 4 ´100
4
(t yZ )B due to Tx = 0
(tyz)B

(t yZ )B due to Vy = 0 Superposition
p 4 ´ 50
+1000 ´ (50) 2 ´
(t yZ )B due to Vz = 2 3p (t yZ ) A = -0.339 + 0 + 0.509 = 0.170 N/mm 2 Ans....
p
(50) 4 ´100
4
= +0.169 N/mm 2 (t yZ )B = 0 + 0.169 + 0.509 = 0.678 N/mm 2 Ans....

+105 ´ 50
(t yZ )B due to Tx = = +0.509 N/mm 2
p
(50) 4 (t yZ )C = (-0.339) 2 + (0.169) 2 = 0.378 N/mm 2 Ans....
2
 PROBLEM # 10

Determine the state of stress at point A and B.

 PROBLEM # 10
Internal loading at location A-B
500 ´ 3
= 300 lb
5
SFx = 0 Þ -V + 300 = 0 Þ V = 300 lb
500 ´ 4
= 400 lb
5 SFy = 0 Þ P - 400 = 0 Þ P = 400 lb
SM about A- B = 0 Þ -300 ´ 8 - 400 ´ 5 + M = 0
Þ M = 4400 lb-ft = 52800 lb-in
V
M y
N.
P Centroid
The centroid of the cross-section 0.5in
M y = 52800 lb-in (induces tension at A and comp. at B)
at A-B will be subjected to the 3in
P = 400 lb (induces comp. both at A and B)
above internal loadings, as V = 300 lb (induces zero shear stress at both A and B)
follows: A B
0.5in A.
4in
3 ´ 43 2.5 ´ 33
A = 3 ´ 4 - (3 - 0.5) ´ (4 - 0.5 - 0.5) = 4.5 in ;2
I NA = Iy = - = 10.375 in 4
12 12
 PROBLEM # 11

Determine the state of stress at point E and F at

section a-a .
 PROBLEM # 11
Determination of FDB
FR=10´2 = 20 KN FDB q = tan -1 34 = 36.869! SM about C = 0
q Þ -20 ´1 + FDB Sin 36.869 ´ 4
Cx C D 0.3m
+ FDB Cos 36.869 ´ 0.30 = 0
1m 3m Þ FDB = 7.5757 kN
Internal loading
FDB=7.5757kN Cy
a
0.5m FR=10×1
q SFx = 0 Þ - P - 7.5757 Cosq = 0 Þ P = -6.06 kN
= 10kN
M
0.3m SFy = 0 Þ V - 10 + 7.5757 Sinq = 0 Þ V = 5.45 kN
P
3m
SM about a - a = 0
V Þ - M - 10 ´ 0.5 + 7.5757 Sinq ´ 3 + 7.5757 Cosq ´ 0.3 = 0
a F
Þ M = 10.45 kN -m
10mm
The centroid of the cross-section at a-a will be subjected to the above internal
15mm 100mm loading.
E P = 6.06 kN (induce s comp. at both E&F); M = 10.45 kN -m (induce s = 0 at E and s comp. at F)
100mm V = 5.45 kN (induce t = t max at E and t F = 0)
10mm

150mm
A = 150 ´ 220 - 135 ´ 200
= 6000 mm 2 ;
150 ´ 2203 135 ´ 2003
I= -
12 12
= 431´105 mm 4