Analysis Approach for Three-Phase Non-Salient Synchronous Machines Page 1 of 5

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Three-Phase Non-Salient Synchronous Machines (NSSM)

Analysis Approach for Three-Phase Non-Salient Synchronous

Machines
The three-phase non-salient-pole synchronous electric machine has two types: the
generator and the motor. Their basic structures are the same. The three-phase non-
salient-pole synchronous generators are the main Thrat the shaft and transform it into
the electrical energy. The rotor is equipped with a non-salient-pole winding excited by a
DC source. The stator is equipped with a three-phase winding that has a sinusoidal
spatial distribution. The spinning rotor produces a rotating magnetic field in the air gap of
the machine. The frequency of the voltage induced in the stator is given by:

where p is the number of pairs of poles, and n is the mechanical speed of the rotor in
rpm, which is called the synchronous speed. The machine is capable of producing both
the active and the reactive power as required by the load connected at the stator
terminal.

Usually the frequency-domain phasor diagram is adopted to analyze the characteristics.

The phasor diagrams for a generator and a motor are shown.

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In the figure, R1, X1, and Xa are the armature resistance, the armature leakage
reactance, and the armature reactance, respectively. In a non-salient-pole synchronous
machine, Xad @ Xaq and they are both expressed by Xa. Taking the input voltage U as
the reference phasor, for a given current:

where ? is the angle I lags U , which is called the power factor angle.
The internal back EMF induced by the resultant air gap field considering the effects of
armature reaction Ei can be derived from:

Based on Ei, the resultant air gap flux considering the effects of armature reaction can
be computed, and therefore, the magnetic circuit can be solved. With solved magnetic
saturation factor, saturated Xa is derived, and therefore, the no-load induced voltage E0

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with the same magnetic saturation (frozen magnetic circuit) can be calculated from:

Let the angle U legs E0 be q, which is called the power angle for the generator or the
torque angle for the motor, then the angle I lags E0 is

The d- and the q-axis currents can be obtained respectively as follows:

Based on the magnetic circuit solution and E0, Xa and the excitation current If can be
determined based on the frozen method.

1. For the generator:

The output power (electric power) is directly computed from the voltage and the current
as:

The input power (mechanical power) is defined as:

where Pfw, PCua, PFe, Padd, Pcuf and Pex are the frictional and wind loss, the armature
copper loss, the iron-core loss, the additional loss, the field winding copper loss, and the
exciter loss, respectively.
The input mechanical shaft torque is:

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where w denotes the synchronous speed in rad/s.

2. For the motor:

The input power (electric power) is directly computed from the voltage and the current
as:

The output power (mechanical power) is defined as:

where Pfw, PCua, PFe, Padd, Pcuf and Pex are the frictional and wind loss, the armature
copper loss, the iron-core loss, the additional loss, the field winding copper loss, and the
exciter loss, respectively.

The output mechanical shaft torque is:

The efficiency is computed for both the generator and the motor by:

Related Topics:

Defining Three-Phase Non-Salient Synchronous Machines

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