See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/375914600

TYPES OF LEARNING STYLES

Article · November 2023

CITATIONS READS
0 3,689

1 author:

Nurul Fuadah

3 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Nurul Fuadah on 26 November 2023.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 TYPES OF LEARNING STYLES

COMPILED BY:

NURUL FUADAH (2388203008)

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUSLIM UNIVERSITY OF MAROS

2023
 LEARNING SYLE

Learning styles may be defined in multiple ways, depending upon one’s

perspective. Here are a few definitions of learning styles. Brown (2000) defines
learning styles as the manner in which individuals perceive and process information
in learning situations. He argues that learning style preference is one aspect of
learning style, and refers to the choice of one learning situation or condition over
another. Celcia-Murcia (2001) defines learning styles as the general approaches for
example, global or analytic, auditory or visual that students use in acquiring a new
language or in learning any other subject. The manner in which a learner perceives,
interacts with, and responds to the learning environment. Learning style is sometimes
defined as the characteristic cognitive, affective, social, and physiological behaviors
that serve as relatively stable indicators of how learners perceive, interact with, and
respond to the learning environment” (MacKeracher, 2004, p. 71).

HERE ARE THE TYPES OF LEARNINGG STYLES

A. KINESTHETIC

a. Definition of kinesthetic

Kinesthetic style is a learning style that requires practitioners

to practice the learning material directly. So, when reading or studying
material, the perpetrator needs to see it directly or even carry out the
contents of the material directly too. Just reading theory and doing
assignments is still not enough for them. So it is necessary to increase
body movements, direct practice, and learn directly in the field.
Kinesthetic individuals usually have good achievements in direct
practical lessons.

b. Characteristics of Kinesthetic

Someone who is suitable for the kinesthetic method of learning

then has a number of distinctive characteristics. Among others are:

a) Tend to understand material more easily with movement,

so learn through direct movement or direct practice.

b) Like learning with direct practice as explained previously.

c) Like and enjoy any activity that involves body movement,

includingin learning. So he likes lessons that are directly
practical, such as sports, computers, dance, etc.
 d) Likes experimental activities, such as conducting
experiments in the laboratory or experiments directly in the
field

e) Most people like to walk when memorizing learning

material.

c. Kinesthetic visual strategies

The following are several strategies that can be used to support

learning visual Use kinesthetic:

1.Images and Diagrams:

Provide interesting and relevant pictures, diagrams or graphs to

helpvisualize the concepts being taught.

2. Presentation of Material in Visual Form:

Use visual presentations, slides, or interactive whiteboards to
highlight points important and easy to understand.
3.Group Activities:
Arrange activities that encourage collaboration and interaction
between students, such as discussions, simulations, or group
games to allow for kinesthetic experiences.
4.Experiments and Demonstrations:
Conduct experiments or physical demonstrations that allow
students to see and feel abstract concepts directly.
5.Modeling:
Use physical models or real objects to help students visualize
complex concepts.
6. Practical Training
Provide opportunities for practical exercises or hands-on
practice to allow students to strengthen their understanding
through experience kinesthetic.
7.Movement and Physical Activity:
Integration of movement or light physical activity in learning,
such as standing, walking, or doing simple exercises, to help
students maintain focus and energy.
 8. Explore the Environment:
Take field trips or explore the surrounding environment to
enable students to combine visual and kinesthetic experiences
in learning

B. VISUAL LEARNER

a. Definition Of visual learner

The type of visual learning style is a learning style that uses the
sense of sight or focuses on vision. So it is easier for them to
understand and remember the material if they see it visual material.
Usually this visual learning method is widely used in Physics and
Biology, because it has to be directly touch or observe directly
someone with a visual learning style tend to take longer to digest
information. Because they need it something that can be seen in
order to understand it well.

b. Characteristics of visual learner

A person with a visual style has a number of distinctive

characteristics. The characteristics include:

a) Prefer to see or read text that contains pictures, diagrams,

charts, graphs, photos, etc the like.

b) Often take notes using pencils, pens, or markers of various

colors. Because they tend to remember things more easily
if they appear in different colors diverse.

c) What they see tends to be easier to remember, so whatever

happens they can see and they will remember it
immediately.

d) Prefer learning material that is demonstrated, either directly

or watching a demo video.
c. Visual learner learning strategies

1. Make Use of Images and Graphics

Use pictures, graphs, diagrams and illustrations to visualize

concepts andimportant information.

2. Concept Maps or Mind Maps:

Create concept maps to organize and connect concepts

effectively visual, helps in understanding the relationship
between ideas.

3. Visual Presentation:

Use an attractive slide presentation with appropriate images,

graphics and text to visualize material and explain concepts more
easily to understand.

4. Color Code.
Use color coding to differentiate and identify concepts or
topicsdifferent, making it easier to understand and organize
information

5. Flashcards with Images

Create flashcards containing images and key information to help

strengthen connections between images and concepts

6. Symbols and icons:

Use symbols or icons to represent certain concepts, making

things easierunderstanding and memory.

7.Flowchart and Organization:

Use flowcharts or organizational diagrams to visualize complex

processes, relationships, or steps.

8. Interactive Whiteboard:

Use an interactive whiteboard to draw and write down concepts

visually during explanations or discussions.
9. Physical Model or Demonstration
Use physical models or demonstrations to visualize abstract or
complex concepts

10. Using Digital Media

Take advantage of software or applications that allow creating

and presenting information visually, such as infographics or
interactive presentations

11. Concept Mapping in the Room

Use a room or wall to create a concept map with images and text
that help visualize information.

12. Picture Books and Comics

Take advantage of picture books and comics to strengthen

understanding and capture concepts taught

13. Use of Tables and Graphs:

Use tables, graphs, or charts to present information in a way that

is easy to understand and visually neat.

14. Drafting a Visual Project:

Invite students to put together visual projects, such as posters or

presentations, that illustrate the concepts learned.

This strategy helps visual learners maximize their potential in

understanding and remember information better through the use of
visual elements.
C. AUDITORY

a. Definition Of Auditory

Auditory learning style is a learning style that uses hearing.

People with this learning style will understand something and
remember it when they hear the explanation. Whatever is heard later
tends to be easy to remember and easy to understand.

People who learn auditorily usually seem very brave because

they don't hesitate to convey what they think and feel directly. Most
people who like this learning require concentration in listening. Both
in class when teachers and lecturers explain material, or through
seminars, speeches, and so on.

b. Characteristics of Auditory Learning Styles

People with an auditory learning style usually have the following

characteristics:

a) Tend to prefer listening to explanations of material rather than

reading or write the material. Likes to talk to themselves when
studying so that it is easy to remember, so they tend to readstudy
hard.

b) When reading, it is usually while making sound, so it is never or

very rarely read in the heart.

c) Have good verbal skills, so that when explaining something orally

the way they explain it can be said to be very good.

d) Their memory is sharper when they hear information.

c. Auditory learning strategies

In methods or techniques that are focused on auditory learning

preferences, where the individual prefer to understand information
through hearing, listening, and speaking. People with an auditory
learning preference process information better through hearing and
conversation. Here are some effective auditory learning strategies.
1. Active Listening.

Listen carefully during lectures, presentations, or learning

materials. Focus on the voice, intonation, and emphasis used
by speaker

2.Recording Voice:

Record lectures or presentations to listen back to the material

and strengthen understanding.

3. Group Discussion:

Participate in group discussions to hear points of view and

ideas from classmates, as well as sharing and listening to their
opinions.

4. Voice Reading

Listen to audiobooks or spoken word reading materials to help

understanding and retention of information.

5. Singing or Memorization Through Songs:

Using techniques through singing or making songs to make it

easier to remember important information or facts.

6. Repetition:

Repeat material aloud or read text to yourself to strengthen

understanding and retain information

7. Active Participation in Class:

Participate in class discussions, ask questions, and listen to

feedback from the instructor and classmates.

8. Take Verbal Notes:

Convert written information into verbal notes, then listen back

to the notes to understand and remember the information
9. Practicing Communication:

Practice speaking about a particular topic, either with

classmates or with yourself, to build communication skills and
understand concepts

10. Listen to Podcasts or Audio Material

Listen to podcasts or audio materials related to learning topics

to understand concepts better.

11.Use of Recording Tools:

Use a voice recording device or recording application to record

the discussion group or own presentation, and then listen back
to self evaluation.

12. Focusing on Oral Explanations:

Prioritize gathering information through oral presentations,

lectures, or interviews, and listening carefully.

13. Guidance or Tutoring:

Receive verbal guidance or tutoring to obtain additional

explanations and clarification of concepts that are difficult to
understand.

These strategies help individuals with an auditory learning preference

maximize their learning potential by bharnessing the power of
listening and speaking.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Gilakjani, A. P. (2012). Visual, auditory, kinaesthetic learning styles and their

impacts on English language teaching. Journal of studies in education, 2(1),
104-113.

Astri, Z., & Wahab, I. (2018). THE EFFECT OF READING TEACHING

MATERIAL FOR DIFFERENT LEARNING STYLES IN IMPROVING
STUDENTS’READING COMPREHENSION. Jurnal Bahasa Lingua Scientia,
10(2), 215-230.

Astri, Z., & Wahab, I. (2019). The Use of TPR Method for Disable Students With
Different Learning Styles in English Vocabulary Development. SELTICS,
2(2), 66-75.

Astri, Z. (2018). The Use of Total Physical Response Method for Different
Learning Styles in English Vocabulary Development. SELTICS, 1(1), 25-38.

View publication stats