Malik Musthofa, ST.

, MSc

POWER PLANT Chemical Engineering

Univ. Muhammdiyah Srakarta
 INTRODUCTION

Water
Steam Power
Treatment
Generation Plant
Unit

Providing Supplying
Produces steam
qualified water electricity

FIRST UP 2
CONSULTANTS
 INTRODUCTION

PT Petrokimia Gresik PT Krakatau

PLN (15 MW) 5 Steam Turbine Generator (80 MW/unit)

Gas Turbine Generator (33 MW) PLN

Steam Turbine Generator (20 MW)

FIRST UP 3
CONSULTANTS
 MAIN UNITS

1 2 Steam
3 4 Electricity
Boiler Generator
turbine distribution

5 6 Supporting:
7 Supporting: 8 Supporting
Condenser Treatment
Fuels unit units
for water

FIRST UP 4
CONSULTANTS
MAIN UNITS

FIRST UP 5
CONSULTANTS
 Fuel
MAIN UNITS
flue
and air

boiler

Boiler feed Superheated

water steam
Water pump
Steam turbine
Electrical generator
Make up
water water Exhaust steam
condenser

Cooling water Cooling water

in out

FIRST UP 6
CONSULTANTS
GENERATOR

FIRST UP 7
CONSULTANTS
 GENERATOR
Basic principle of Generator: Faraday’s experiment/induction

FIRST UP 8
CONSULTANTS
 GENERATOR
When a magnet is moving around/crossing inside of coil/wire then the
flux of magnetic force (the direction and deployment of magnetic
field) will change. This change of flux of magnetic force then is
responsible to the voltage difference (electricity/current flow)

In the same way, steam rotates the rotor/propeller of turbine, and then
turbine moves the magnet inside of the coils/wire .

FIRST UP 9
CONSULTANTS
GENERATOR

FIRST UP 10
CONSULTANTS
ACTUAL POWER/ENERGY OF TURBINE

T1, P1, H1 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 =

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑥 𝜇𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 =
𝑚𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 (𝐻1 − 𝐻2 ) 𝑥 𝜇𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒

T2, P2, H2

FIRST UP 11
CONSULTANTS
 EFFICIENCY OF GENERATOR

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 (𝐵𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑛)
𝜇𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥 100%
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 FIRST UP 12
CONSULTANTS
 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

• Generator
2 • Substation
• Transformer (central
(step up) distribution)

1 3
Voltage
Increases the adjustment and
Ex: 10 -15 kV distribution
voltage

Ex: 150 - 500 kV Ex: 20, 30 - 200 kV FIRST UP 13

CONSULTANTS
 SOURCES
steam

Nuclear electricity PLN

Gas

FIRST UP 14
CONSULTANTS
 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Overhead Underground
Low cost, easy in handling the issue,
High cost, hard in trouble investigation
setting up and maintenance

Good looking, better in safety, longer live

High risk, bad looking
time, lower in power drop

FIRST UP 15
CONSULTANTS
SIMPLE CASE
7500 kg/h superheated steam is produced by boiler integrated in the unit of electricity
generation. The steam then moves/rotates the turbine that is connected to generator. If two
turbines are available in the unit, determine:
a. Total power generated by the turbines (efficiency of turbine (t) = 90%), assume no
steam loss for each turbine!
b. Electricity power that is generated by generator (efficiency of generator (g) = 90%)

Steam Pressure (bar) Temperature (oC)

Enter turbine 1 10 360
Enter turbine 2 5 240
Out from turbine 2 1,5 160

FIRST UP
CONSULTANTS
SIMPLE CASE
Steam Pressure (bar) Temperature (oC) H (kJ/kg)
Enter turbine 1 10 360 3178.9
Enter turbine 2 5 240 2939.9
Out from turbine 2 1.5 160 2792.8

Power generated by turbines:

Electricity power produced:
𝑃1 = 𝑚𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 (𝐻1 − 𝐻2 ) 𝑥 𝜇𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒
m1 H1 𝐸 = (𝑃1 + 𝑃2 ) 𝑥 𝜇𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑃1 = 7500 3178.9 − 2939.9 𝑥 0.9
P1 𝑘𝐽 𝐸 = 448 + 276 𝑥 0.9
= 1 613 250 = 448 𝑘𝑊
ℎ = 651.6 𝑘𝑊
H2 𝑃2 = 𝑚𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 (𝐻2 − 𝐻3 ) 𝑥 𝜇𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒

𝑃1 = 7500 2939.9 − 2792.8 𝑥 0.9

𝑘𝐽
= 992 925 = 276 𝑘𝑊
ℎ FIRST UP
CONSULTANTS
 FIRST UP
CONSULTANTS

THANK YOU

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