Example 1-3:

Fig. 1-3 shows a layout plan for a 1st floor office building, which will be constructed using cast in-
situ reinforced concrete. The slab thickness is 175 mm and dead load (finishes + services) is 1
kN/m2. Due to most of the area will be occupied for labs, therefore the impose load is 3.0 kN/m2.
Assume the building needs 1.5 hours of fire protection, concrete C35/45, fyk = 460 N/mm2. Design
slab panel B-C/1-2.

Fig. 1-3

References Calculation
1. Load Analysis:

Loading on slab:
Slab s.w. = 0.175 × 24 = 4.2 kN/m2
Finishes + services = 1.0 kN/m2
Total permanent load, Gk = 5.2 kN/m2
Variable load, Qk = 3.0 kN/m2
Design load (on slab), wos = 1.35 × 5.2 + 1.5 × 3 = 11.52 kN/m2

Assume 1 m length (to the inner of the paper).

n = 11.52 kN/m per m length

Bending moment:
ly /lx = 7000/5000
= 1.4 < 2.0 restrained 2-ways spanning slab

BS8110-1: Table Case 4: two adjacent edges discontinuous.

3.14
 x–direction:
m sx = β sx nl x
2

Mid span: msx = 0.055 × 11.52 × 52 = 15.8 kNm/m

Support: msx = -0.074 × 11.52 × 52 = -21.3 kNm/m

y–direction:
msy = β sy nl x
2

Mid span: msy = 0.034 × 11.52 × 52 = 9.8 kNm/m

Support: msy = -0.045 × 11.52 × 52 = -13 kNm/m

Nominal concrete cover:

Try, Ømain-x = 10 mm, Ømain-y = 10 mm

EC2:Table 4.2 cmin,b = Ømain = 10 mm

EC2: Table 4.4N cmin,dur = 25 mm (exposure class XC3)
EC2-1-2: Table 5.8 For R90, a = 15 mm with hs = 100 mm < 175 mm
Hence,
a cmin,fi + Øbar/2
15 cmin,fi + 10/2
cmin,fi = 15 – 10/2 = 10 mm
EC2: cl. 4.4.1.3
EC2: cl. 4.4.1.1(2) cdev = 10 mm
cnom = cmin + cdev = 25 + 10 = 35 mm

2. Main Reinforcement:

dx = h – c – Øbar/2 = 175 – 35 – 10/2 = 135 mm

dy = h – c – Øbar – Øbar/2 = 175 – 35 – 10 – 10/2 = 125 mm

x – direction: support:
K = M/bd2fck = (21.3 × 106) / (1000 × 1352 × 35)
= 0.033 < Kmin = 0.167 Singly reinf.!
 References Calculation
2 × 0.033
q = 0.567 1 − 1 − = 0.034 < 0.057; use z = 0.95d
0.567
Asreq = M/0.87fyz = (21.3 × 106) / (0.87 × 460 × 0.95 × 135)
= 415 mm2/m

x – direction: mid span:

Mmid,x < Msupport,x; hence q definitely is < 0.057; use z = 0.95d.
Asreq = M/0.87fyz = (15.8 × 106) / (0.87 × 460 × 0.95 × 135)
= 308 mm2/m

y – direction: support:
K = (13 × 106) / (1000 × 1252 × 35)
= 0.024 < Kmin = 0.167 Singly reinf.!
2 × 0.024
q = 0.567 1 − 1 − = 0.025 < 0.057; use z = 0.95d
0.567
Asreq = M/0.87fyz = (13 × 106) / (0.87 × 460 × 0.95 × 125)
= 274 mm2/m

y – direction: mid span:

Mmid,y < Msupport,y; hence q definitely is < 0.057; use z = 0.95d.
Asreq = M/0.87fyz = (9.8 × 106) / (0.87 × 460 × 0.95 × 125)
= 206 mm2/m

EC2: cl. 9.2.1.1(1) Asmin = 0.26(fctm/fyk)bd = 0.26(3.2/460) × 1000 × 135

EC2: Table 3.1 = 244 mm2/m
0.0013bd = 0.0013 × 1000 × 135 = 176 mm2/m < Asmin OK!
EC2: cl. 9.2.1.1(3) Asmax = 0.04Ac = 0.04 × 1000 × 175 = 7000 mm2/m

Torsional reinforcement:
Corner C: As = 0.75(308) = 231 mm2/m
Corner B: As = 0.50(231) = 116 mm2/m

Propose:
Along short span – mid: T10-250-BB (As,prov = 314 mm2/m)
Along long span – mid: T10-300-BT (As,prov = 262 mm2/m)

Along short span – support: T10-175-TT (As,prov = 449 mm2/m)

Along long span – support: T10-250-TT (As,prov = 314 mm2/m)

Secondary bar: T10-300-TB (As,prov = 262 mm2/m)

Torsional reinf.: T10-300
 References Calculation
Ductility checking:
Largest steel rein. Area is 449 mm2/m (at support along short span).
It’s q < 0.057, & it’s used z = 0.95d, hence ductility definitely is sufficient.

3. Shear:

BS8110-1: Table Shear force maximum,

3.15 Vsx = β vx nl x = 0.52 × 11.52 × 5
= 30 kN/m = VEd

Design shear resistance:

EC2: cl. 6.2.2 200 200
k = 1+ = 1+ = 2.22 >2.0 use k = 2.0
d 135
As l , prov 449
ρ1 = = × 100
bw d 1000 × 135
= 0.33% > 0.15% & < 2.0% OK!
0.18 0.18
k (100 ρ1 f ck )1/ 3 = 2.0(0.33 × 35)1/ 3 = 0.54 MPa/m
1.5 1. 5
1/ 2
vmin
3/ 2
= 0.035k f ck = 0.035 × 2.03 / 2 × 351/ 2 = 0.33 MPa/m
Therefore, vRd,c = 0.54 MPa/m
VRd,c = vRd,c bd
= 0.54 × 1000 × 135 = 72.9 kN/m > VEd OK!
Shear reinf. is not required.

Deflection:
EC2: cl. 7.4 SLS’s Quasi-permanent comb.:
wquasi = 5.2 + 0.3 × 3 = 6.1 kN/m

Percentage of required tension reinforcement,

308
EC2: cl. 7.4.2(2) ρ = = 0.0023
1000 × 135
Reference reinforcement ratio,
ρ0 = 10 −3 35 =0.0059 >
Factor for structural system, K = 1.0
3/ 2
EC2: Table 7.4N l ρ0 ρ
= K 11 + 1.5 f ck + 3.2 f ck 0 − 1
d basic ρ ρ
 Reference Calculation
2/3
0.0059 0.0059
= 1.3 11 + 1.5 35 + 3.2 35 −1
0.0023 0.0023
= 77.1

EC2: Eq. 7.17 f yk As ,req SLS quasi − permanent combination

s = × ×
γs As , prov ULS fundamental combination
EC2: cl. 7.4.2 460 308 6.1
= × × = 207.8 MPa
1.15 314 11.52
M.F.tension steel = 310/ s = 310 / 207.8 = 1.5

beff/bw = 1.0 < 3, therefore use:

M.F.beff/bw = 0.8 + 0.1(3 – 1) = 1.0

Span length less than 7 m, hence M.F.span length = 1.0

(l/d)limit = (l/d)basic × modification factors

= 77.1 × 1.5 × 1.0 × 1.0
= 115.65

(l/d)actual = 5000/135 = 37 < (l/d)limit OK!

Spacing:
EC2: cl. 7.3.3 hslab = 175 mm < 200 mm OK!

Main bar:
EC2: cl. 9.3.1 Smax,slabs = 3h = 3 × 175 = 525 mm > 400 mm use: 400 mm
Max. bar spacing = 300 mm < 400 mm OK!

Secondary bar:
Smax,slabs = 3.5h = 3.5 × 175 = 613 mm > 400 mm use: 400 mm
Max. bar spacing = 300 mm < 400 mm OK!
Detailing: