Full moon

The full moon is t he lunar phase when t he Moon appears fully illuminat ed from Eart h's
perspect ive. This occurs when Eart h is locat ed bet ween t he Sun and t he Moon (when t he
eclipt ic longit udes of t he Sun and Moon differ by 180°).[3] This means t hat t he lunar hemisphere
facing Eart h—t he near side—is complet ely sunlit and appears as an approximat ely circular disk.
The full moon occurs roughly once a mont h.

The supermoon of 14 November 2016

was 356,511 km (221,526 mi) away[1]
from the center of Earth. This occurs
yearly.[2]
 As the Earth revolves around the Sun,
approximate axial parallelism of the
Moon's orbital plane (tilted five
degrees to the Earth's orbital plane)
results in the revolution of the lunar
nodes relative to the Earth. This
causes an eclipse season
approximately every six months, in
which a lunar eclipse can occur at the
full moon phase.

The t ime int erval bet ween a full moon and t he next repet it ion of t he same phase, a synodic
mont h, averages about 29.53 days. Therefore, in t hose lunar calendars in which each mont h
begins on t he day of t he new moon, t he full moon falls on eit her t he 14t h or 15t h day of t he lunar
mont h. Because a calendar mont h consist s of a whole number of days, a mont h in a lunar
calendar may be eit her 29 or 30 days long.

Characteristics
A full moon is oft en t hought of as an event of a full night 's durat ion, alt hough it s phase seen
from Eart h cont inuously waxes or wanes, and is full only at t he inst ant when waxing ends and
waning begins. For any given locat ion, about half of t hese maximum full moons may be visible,
while t he ot her half occurs during t he day, when t he full moon is below t he horizon. As t he Moon's
orbit is inclined by 5.145° from t he eclipt ic, it is not generally perfect ly opposit e from t he Sun
during full phase, t herefore a full moon is in general not perfect ly full except on night s wit h a
lunar eclipse as t he Moon crosses t he eclipt ic at opposit ion from t he Sun.

Many almanacs list full moons not only by dat e, but also by t heir exact t ime, usually in
Coordinat ed Universal Time (UTC). Typical mont hly calendars t hat include lunar phases may be
offset by one day when prepared for a different t ime zone.
The full moon is generally a subopt imal t ime for ast ronomical observat ion of t he Moon because
shadows vanish. It is a poor t ime for ot her observat ions because t he bright sunlight reflect ed by
t he Moon, amplified by t he opposit ion surge, t hen out shines many st ars.

Moon phases
There are eight phases of t he moon, which vary from part ial t o full illuminat ion. The moon phases
are also called lunar phases. These st ages have different names t hat come from it s shape and
size at each phase. For example, t he crescent moon is 'banana' shaped, and t he half-moon is D-
shaped. When t he moon is nearly full, it is called a gibbous moon. The crescent and gibbous
moons each last approximat ely a week.[4]

Each phase is also described in accordance t o it s posit ion on t he full 29.5 day cycle. The eight
phases of t he moon in order:[4]

new moon
waxing crescent moon
first quarter moon
waxing gibbous moon
full moon
waning gibbous moon
last quarter moon
 waning crescent moon

Formula
The dat e and approximat e t ime of a specific full moon (assuming a circular orbit ) can be
calculat ed from t he following equat ion:[5]

where d is t he number of days since 1 January 2000 00:00:00 in t he Terrest rial Time scale used in
ast ronomical ephemerides; for Universal Time (UT) add t he following approximat e correct ion t o
d:

days
where N is t he number of full moons since t he first full moon of 2000. The t rue t ime of a full
moon may differ from t his approximat ion by up t o about 14.5 hours as a result of t he non-
circularit y of t he Moon's orbit .[6] See New moon for an explanat ion of t he formula and it s
paramet ers.

The age and apparent size of t he full moon vary in a cycle of just under 14 synodic mont hs, which
has been referred t o as a full moon cycle.

Lunar eclipses
When t he Moon moves int o Eart h's shadow, a lunar eclipse occurs, during which all or part of t he
Moon's face may appear reddish due t o t he Rayleigh scat t ering of blue wavelengt hs and t he
refract ion of sunlight t hrough Eart h's at mosphere.[7][8][9] Lunar eclipses happen only during a full
moon and around point s on it s orbit where t he sat ellit e may pass t hrough t he planet 's shadow. A
lunar eclipse does not occur every mont h because t he Moon's orbit is inclined 5.145° wit h
respect t o t he eclipt ic plane of Eart h; t hus, t he Moon usually passes nort h or sout h of Eart h's
shadow, which is most ly rest rict ed t o t his plane of reference. Lunar eclipses happen only when
t he full moon occurs around eit her node of it s orbit (ascending or descending). Therefore, a lunar
eclipse occurs about every six mont hs, and oft en t wo weeks before or aft er a solar eclipse,
which occurs during a new moon around t he opposit e node.

In folklore and tradition

A full moon rising, seen through the

Belt of Venus

In Buddhism, Vesak is celebrat ed on t he full moon day of t he Vaisakha mont h, marking t he birt h,
enlight enment , and t he deat h of t he Buddha.[10]

In Arabic, badr (‫ ) بدر‬means 'full moon', but it is oft en t ranslat ed as 'whit e moon', referring t o The
Whit e Days, t he t hree days when t he full moon is celebrat ed.

Full moons are t radit ionally associat ed wit h insomnia (inabilit y t o sleep), insanit y (hence t he
t erms lunacy and lunatic ) and various "magical phenomena" such as lycant hropy. Psychologist s,
however, have found t hat t here is no st rong evidence for effect s on human behavior around t he
t ime of a full moon.[11] They find t hat st udies are generally not consist ent , wit h some showing a
posit ive effect and ot hers showing a negat ive effect . In one inst ance, t he 23 December 2000
issue of t he British Medical Journal published t wo st udies on dog bit e admission t o hospit als in
England and Aust ralia. The st udy of t he Bradford Royal Infirmary found t hat dog bit es were t wice
as common during a full moon, whereas t he st udy conduct ed by t he public hospit als in Aust ralia
found t hat t hey were less likely.

Symbol of the Triple Goddess

The symbol of t he Triple Goddess is drawn wit h t he circular image of t he full moon in t he cent er
flanked by a left facing crescent and right facing crescent , on eit her side, represent ing a maiden,
mot her and crone archet ype.[12]

Full moon names

Hist orically, mont h names are names of moons (lunat ions, not necessarily full moons) in lunisolar
calendars. Since t he int roduct ion of t he solar Julian calendar in t he Roman Empire, and lat er t he
Gregorian calendar worldwide, people no longer perceive mont h names as "moon" names. The
t radit ional Old English mont h names were equat ed wit h t he names of t he Julian calendar from an
early t ime, soon aft er Christ ianizat ion, according t o t he t est imony of Bede around AD 700.

Some full moons have developed new names in modern t imes, such as "blue moon", as well as
"harvest moon" and "hunt er's moon" for t he full moons of aut umn.

Lunar eclipses occur only at a full moon and oft en cause a reddish hue on t he near side of t he
Moon. This full moon has been called a blood moon in popular cult ure.[13]
Harvest and hunter's moons

A harvest moon. Its orange color is due to greater

Rayleigh scattering as the Moon appears close
above the horizon, rather than being unique to
harvest moons.[14]

The "harvest moon" and t he "hunt er's moon" are t radit ional names for t he full moons in lat e
summer and in t he aut umn in t he Nort hern Hemisphere, usually in Sept ember and Oct ober,
respect ively. People may celebrat e t hese occurrences in fest ivit ies such as t he Chinese Mid-
Aut umn Fest ival, which is as import ant as t he Chinese New Year.

The "harvest moon" (also known as t he "barley moon" or "full corn moon") is t he full moon nearest
t o t he aut umnal equinox (22 or 23 Sept ember), occurring anyt ime wit hin t wo weeks before or
aft er t hat dat e.[15] The "hunt er's moon" is t he full moon following it . The names are recorded
from t he early 18t h cent ury.[16] The Oxford English Dictionary ent ry for "harvest moon" cit es a
1706 reference, and for "hunt er's moon" a 1710 edit ion of The British Apollo, which at t ribut es t he
t erm t o "t he count ry people" ("The Count ry People call t his t he Hunt ers-Moon.") The names
became t radit ional in American folklore, where t hey are now oft en popularly at t ribut ed t o Nat ive
Americans.[17] The Feast of t he Hunt ers' Moon is a yearly fest ival in West Lafayet t e, Indiana, held
in lat e Sept ember or early Oct ober each year since 1968.[18] In 2010 t he harvest moon occurred
on t he night of t he equinox it self (some 51⁄2 hours aft er t he moment of equinox) for t he first
t ime since 1991, aft er a period known as t he Met onic cycle.[19][20]

All full moons rise around t he t ime of sunset . Since t he Moon moves east ward among t he st ars
fast er t han t he Sun, lunar culminat ion is delayed by about 50.47 minut es[21] (on average) each
day, t hus causing moonrise t o occur lat er each day.

Due t o t he high lunar st andst ill, t he harvest and hunt er's moons of 2007 were special because
t he t ime difference bet ween moonrises on successive evenings was much short er t han average.
The moon rose about 30 minut es lat er from one night t o t he next , as seen from about 40° N or S
lat it ude (because t he full moon of Sept ember 2007 rose in t he nort heast rat her t han in t he
east ). Hence, no long period of darkness occurred bet ween sunset and moonrise for several days
aft er t he full moon,[22] t hus lengt hening t he t ime in t he evening when t here is enough t wilight and
moonlight t o work t o get t he harvest in.

Farmers' Almanacs
The Maine Farmers' Almanac from around t he 1930s began t o publish Nat ive American "Indian"
full moon names, some of which had been adopt ed by colonial Americans.[23] The Farmers'
Almanac (since 1955 published in Maine, but not t he same publicat ion as t he Maine Farmers'
Almanac ) cont inues t o do so.[24]

An early list of "Indian mont h names" was published in 1918 by Daniel Cart er Beard in his The
American Boy's Book of Signs, Signals and Symbols for use by t he boy scout s.

Such names have gained currency in American folklore. They appear in print more widely out side
of t he almanac t radit ion from t he 1990s in popular publicat ions about t he Moon. Mysteries of the
Moon by Pat ricia Haddock ("Great Myst eries Series", Greenhaven Press, 1992) gave an ext ensive
list of such names along wit h t he individual t ribal groups t hey were supposedly associat ed
wit h.[25] Haddock supposes t hat cert ain "Colonial American" moon names were adopt ed from
Algonquian languages (which were formerly spoken in t he t errit ory of New England), while ot hers
are based in European t radit ion (e.g. t he Colonial American names for t he May moon, "Milk Moon",
"Mot her's Moon", "Hare Moon" have no parallels in t he supposed nat ive names, while t he name of
November, "Beaver Moon" is supposedly based in an Algonquian language).

The Long Night 's Moon is t he last full moon of t he year and t he one nearest t he wint er
solst ice.[26]

"Ice Moon" is also used t o refer t o t he first full moon of January or February.[27]
Full moon names the Farmer's Almanac

Names
Names according to from the
Month Other names
Beard[28] Farmers
Almanac [29]

Moon
Black Wolf Wint er
January Difficult y Old Moon Aft er —
Smoke Moon[30] Moon
Yule

Bare Spot s
Hunger St orm
February Raccoon on t he Snow Moon — —
Moon Moon
Ground

Lent en
Lit t le
Crow Sap Moon,
March Wind Grass, Worm Moon Crust Moon
Moon Moon Wind
Sore-Eye
Moon

Seed
Fish Spring
Moon,
Goose- Moon, Moon, Sap
April Ducks Pink Moon Sprout ing
Eggs Frog Awakening Moon
Grass
Moon Moon
Moon

Corn
Green Mot her's
May Root -Food Flower Moon Milk Moon Plant ing Grass Moon
Grass Moon
Moon

Corn- St rawberry Mead Rose Thunder

June St rawberry Hot Moon
Plant ing Moon Moon Moon Moon

Buffalo Elk Summer Thunder

July Hot Sun Buck Moon Hay Moon
(Bull) Moon Moon Moon

Barley,
Cow St urgeon Corn Green Corn, Dog
August Harvest Red Moon
Buffalo Moon Moon Herb, or Moon
Grain Moon

Harvest Full Corn Fruit Barley

September Wild Rice Red Plum —
Moon Moon Moon Moon
 Blood or
Leaf- Hunt ers' Aut umn Pumpkin Dying
October Nut s Sanguine
Falling Moon Moon Moon Moon
Moon

Deer- Frost y
November Fur-Pelt s Beaver Moon — Dark Moon —
Mat ing Moon

Long
December Wolves Big Moon Cold Moon Oak Moon Night 's — —
Moon

Blue
13th — — — — — —
Moon[31]

Hindu full moon festivals

In Hinduism, most fest ivals are celebrat ed on auspicious days. Many Hindu fest ivals are
celebrat ed on days wit h a full moon night , called t he purnima . Different part s of India celebrat e
t he same fest ival wit h different names, as list ed below:

1. Chaitra Purnima – Gudi Padua, Ugadi,

Hanuman Jayanti (15 April 2014)[32]
2. Vaishakha Purnima – Narasimha
Jayanti, Buddha Jayanti (14 May
2014)[33]
3. Jyeshtha Purnima – Savitri Vrata, Vat
Purnima (8 June 2014)[34]
 4. Ashadha Purnima – Guru Purnima,
Vyasa Purnima
5. Shravana Purnima – Upanayana
ceremony, Avani Avittam, Raksha
Bandhan, Onam
6. Bhadrapada Purnima – Start of Pitru
Paksha, Madhu Purnima
7. Ashvin Purnima – Sharad Purnima
8. Kartika Purnima – Karthikai Deepam,
Thrukkarthika
9. Margashirsha Purnima – Thiruvathira,
Dattatreya Jayanti
10. Pushya Purnima – Thaipusam,
Shakambhari Purnima
 11. Magha Purnima
12. Phalguna Purnima – Holi

Lunar and lunisolar

calendars

The December 2015 full moon

coincided with Christmas.[35] This last
occurred in 1977 (for the American
timezones). A small horizontal
libration is visible comparing their
appearances. By the 19-year metonic
cycle the full moon will repeat on
Christmas Day in 2034, 2053, 2072,
and 2091.[36]

Most pre-modern calendars t he world over were lunisolar, combining t he solar year wit h t he
lunat ion by means of int ercalary mont hs.[37][38] The Julian calendar abandoned t his met hod in
favour of a purely solar reckoning while conversely t he 7t h-cent ury Islamic calendar opt ed for a
purely lunar one.

A cont inuing lunisolar calendar is t he Hebrew calendar. Evidence of t his is not ed in t he dat es of
Passover and East er in Judaism and Christ ianit y, respect ively. Passover falls on t he full moon on
15 Nisan of t he Hebrew calendar. The dat e of t he Jewish Rosh Hashana and Sukkot fest ivals
along wit h all ot her Jewish holidays are dependent on t he dat es of t he new moons.[39]

Intercalary months
In lunisolar calendars, an int ercalary mont h occurs seven t imes in t he 19 years of t he Met onic
cycle, or on average every 2.7 years (19/7). In t he Hebrew calendar t his is not ed wit h a periodic
ext ra mont h of Adar in t he early spring.

Blue moon
In t he modern syst em of "t radit ional" American full moon names t ied t o t he solst ice and equinox
point s, a supernumerary full moon in such a period is called a blue moon. The t erm "blue moon"
used in t his sense may dat e t o as early as t he 16t h cent ury, but it became well known in t he
Unit ed St at es due t o t he Farmers' Almanac (published since 1818).[a]

According t o t he pat t ern of use in t he Farmers' Almanac , a "blue moon" is t he t hird full moon in
any period bet ween eit her a solst ice and an equinox, or bet ween an equinox and a solst ice,
(calculat ed using t he mean t ropical year), which cont ains four full moons.[41] These seasons are
equal in lengt h, unlike t he ast ronomical ones, which vary in lengt h depending on t he Eart h's speed
in it s ellipt ical orbit round t he Sun. To compare, in 1983 t he equal-lengt h mean-solar solar point s
and t he actual ast ronomical (observed) dat es are shown in t he t able below (all dat es and t imes
in GMT):
 Fictitious equal-length- Actual astronomical Error
Event
season date date (approximate)

Spring equinox 1:48am, 23 March 1983 4:39am, 21 March 1983 −2 days

Summer
9:15am, 22 June 1983 11:09pm, 21 June 1983 −1.5 days
solstice

2:42pm, 23 Sept ember

Fall equinox 4:42pm, 21 Sept ember 1983 +2 days
1983

Winter 10:30am, 22 December

12:10am, 22 December 1983 −2 hours
solstice 1983

As a consequence of checking an inadequat e number of old issues of t he Farmers' Almanac , t he

aut hor of an art icle in t he March 1946 issue of Sky & Telescope magazine wrongly concluded t hat
t he Farmers' Almanac had used "blue moon" t o denot e "t he second full moon in any mont h which
cont ains t wo full moons".

The mist aken rule was ret ract ed and declared "erroneous" in a 1999 Sky & Telescope art icle,
which gave t he correct ed rule, based on order in seasons.[42]

Using t he original meaning, "blue moons" occur wit h t he same average frequency of int ercalary
mont hs, 7 t imes in 19 years; t he Farmers' Almanac syst em of full moon names effect ively
defines a funct ioning luni-solar calendar. Because t he Sky & Telescope definit ion depends on
calendar mont hs and because February is short er t han a lunar mont h, t here will be a higher
frequency of blue moons under t hat definit ion (in years in which February squeezes in bet ween
t wo full moons), so t hat blue moons occur on average about 8 t imes in 19 years.

It is a rare phenomenon t o see an unusual blue color of t he moon (not necessarily a full moon)
when viewing t he Moon. This phenomenon is caused by dust part icles or smoke in t he
at mosphere, and was seen aft er t he forest fires in Sweden and Canada in 1950 and 1951. In
1883, aft er t he erupt ion of Krakat oa in Indonesia, t he Moon was blue for almost t wo years. Ot her
less violent volcanic explosions have been followed by blue moons. The blue Moon was also
seen aft er t he erupt ion of El Chichon in Mexico in 1983, Mount St . Helens in 1980, and Mount
Pinat ubo in 1991.[43]
See also

Lunar eclipse Solar

System
Lunar effect portal

Lunar phase
Near side of the Moon
Orbit of the Moon

Footnotes

a. The saying "once in a blue moon" meaning

"very rarely" is recorded since the 1820s.
The term "blue moon" is recorded in 1528,
in the couplet Oh churche men are wyly
foxes [...] Yf they say the mone is blewe /
 We must beleve that it is true / Admittynge
their interpretacion.[40]

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2011.
20. Maddox, Jack (22 September 2010). "Super
Harvest Moon: Autumn phenomenon is a
rare treat" (https://web.archive.org/web/20
110718212948/http://articles.cnn.com/20
10-09-22/living/harvest.moon_1_autumn-fu
ll-moon-optical-illusion?_s=PM:LIVING) .
CNN. Archived from the original (http://artic
les.cnn.com/2010-09-22/living/harvest.mo
on_1_autumn-full-moon-optical-illusion?_s=
PM:LIVING) on 18 July 2011. Retrieved
13 September 2011.

21. 1440 minutes / 29.531 days = 50.47

minutes
22. McNish, Larry (2007). "Sunset and
Moonrise" (http://calgary.rasc.ca/sunset_m
oonrise.htm) . RASC Calgary Centre.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201
70317232428/http://calgary.rasc.ca/sunse
t_moonrise.htm) from the original on
2017-03-17. Retrieved 2016-02-19. "This
gives a graph showing the effect as seen
from Calgary, for the whole of the year
2007."
23. "Full moon dates for 2020, including
November's Beaver Moon" (https://www.tel
egraph.co.uk/science/0/full-moon-dates-w
hen-uk-2020-november-beaver/) . The Daily
Telegraph. 4 November 2020. Archived (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/2020110501444
8/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/0/f
ull-moon-dates-when-uk-2020-november-be
aver/) from the original on 5 November
2020. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
24. "Full Moon Names and Their Meanings" (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/2007100508552
5/http://www.farmersalmanac.com/full-mo
on-names) . Farmers' Almanac. Archived
from the original on 5 October 2007. ; "Full
Moons: What's in a Name?" (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20120120105528/http://scie
nce.nationalgeographic.com/science/spac
e/solar-system/full-moon-article/) .
National Geographic. Archived from the
original (http://science.nationalgeographic.
com/science/space/solar-system/full-moo
n-article/) on 20 January 2012. Retrieved
12 January 2012.
25. repeated in The Moon Book by Kim Long
(1998:102ff. (https://books.google.com/bo
oks?id=e6-ddrk3nxsC&pg=PA102)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202
30409161852/https://books.google.com/b
ooks?id=e6-ddrk3nxsC&pg=PA102) 2023-
04-09 at the Wayback Machine) Also in
Llewellyn's 1996 Moon Sign Book (1995)
26. Dance, Scott (23 December 2015). "Long
Night's Moon comes on Christmas for first
time since 1977" (http://www.baltimoresun.
com/news/weather/weather-blog/bal-wx-l
ong-nights-moon-comes-on-christmas-for-fi
rst-time-since-1977-20151222-story.html) .
The Baltimore Sun. Archived (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20170704111741/http://ww
w.baltimoresun.com/news/weather/weath
er-blog/bal-wx-long-nights-moon-comes-on
-christmas-for-first-time-since-1977-201512
22-story.html) from the original on 4 July
2017. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
27. "Wolf Moon is the full moon in January" (htt
ps://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/mo
on/wolf.html) . timeanddate.com. Archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/2018020213
5615/https://www.timeanddate.com/astro
nomy/moon/wolf.html) from the original
on 2018-02-02. Retrieved 2018-01-26.

28. Beard 1918, pp. 78–80. "The Indians'

Moons naturally vary in the different parts
of the country, but by comparing them all
and striking an average as near as may be,
the moons are reduced to the following"

29. "Names for the Full Moon" (https://sites.uni.

edu/morgans/astro/course/Notes/section
1/fullmoons.html) . University of Northern
Iowa. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
30. "Wolf Moon" is attributed to Algonquian by
Haddock (1992); the actual Algonquian
name for that moon is squochee kesos or
"sun has not strength to thaw". The New
England historical & genealogical register
and antiquarian journal: v. 10 (https://book
s.google.com/books?id=wQcQAQAAMAAJ
&dq=squochee%20kesos&pg=PA166)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202
30409161824/https://books.google.com/b
ooks?id=wQcQAQAAMAAJ&dq=squoche
e%20kesos&pg=PA166) 2023-04-09 at the
Wayback Machine The Sioux do mention
wolves in their name for January, which
means "when wolves run together".
American Indian Moons (http://www.wwu.e
du/depts/skywise/indianmoons.html)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201
20813041348/http://www.wwu.edu/depts/
skywise/indianmoons.html) 2012-08-13 at
the Wayback Machine; they also refer to
that moon as the "moon of the strong cold"
or "frost in the teepee". Other tribes had
different names for the moons. See also
Indian Moons, Days & Other Calendar Stuff,
American Indian Moons (http://americanind
ian.net/moons.html) Archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20130416011652/htt
p://americanindian.net/moons.html) 2013-
04-16 at the Wayback Machine
31. "Why do we have special names for full
moons?" (https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/to
pics/what-are-names-full-moons-throughou
t-year) . Royal Museums Greenwich.
Retrieved 2023-06-27.

32. "2014 Chaitra Purnima | Chaitra Pournami

date for Amsterdam, North Holland,
Netherlands" (http://www.drikpanchang.co
m/purnima/chaitra/chaitra-purnima-date-ti
me.html?year=2014) . Archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20170610171402/htt
p://www.drikpanchang.com/purnima/chaitr
a/chaitra-purnima-date-time.html?year=201
4) from the original on 2017-06-10.
Retrieved 2014-08-13.
33. "2014 Vaishakha Purnima | Vaishakha
Pournami date for Amsterdam, North
Holland, Netherlands" (http://www.drikpanc
hang.com/purnima/vaishakha/vaishakha-p
urnima-date-time.html?year=2014) .
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201
70610180336/http://www.drikpanchang.co
m/purnima/vaishakha/vaishakha-purnima-d
ate-time.html?year=2014) from the
original on 2017-06-10. Retrieved
2014-08-13.
34. "2014 Guru Purnima | Vyasa Purnima Puja
Date and Time for Amsterdam, North
Holland, Netherlands" (http://www.drikpanc
hang.com/festivals/guru-purnima/guru-pur
nima-date-time.html?year=2014) . Archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/2017061017
5348/http://www.drikpanchang.com/festiv
als/guru-purnima/guru-purnima-date-time.h
tml?year=2014) from the original on 2017-
06-10. Retrieved 2014-08-13.
35. "Rare Full Moon on Christmas Day, NASA"
(https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/rar
e-full-moon-on-christmas-day) . 16
December 2015. Archived (https://web.arch
ive.org/web/20210506160209/https://ww
w.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/rare-full-moon
-on-christmas-day/) from the original on
2021-05-06. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
36. "Ask Tom: How unusual is a full moon on
Christmas Day?" (http://www.chicagotribun
e.com/news/weather/ct-wea-1221-asktom-
20151220-column.html) . Chicago Tribune.
20 December 2015. Archived (https://web.a
rchive.org/web/20170629141733/http://w
ww.chicagotribune.com/news/weather/ct-
wea-1221-asktom-20151220-column.htm
l) from the original on 2017-06-29.
Retrieved 2015-12-23.

37. see e.g., Blackburn, Bonnie; et al. (1999).

The Oxford Companion to the Year (https://
archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00bla
c) . Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-
214231-3.
38. Reingold, Edward M.; et al. (2001).
Calendrical Calculations: The Millennium
Edition. Cambridge University Press.
ISBN 0-521-77752-6.

39. Leviticus 23:4–7, 33–35.

40. Wolsey, Thomas (1871). "Rede me and be
nott wrothe, for I say no thynge but trothe"
(https://archive.org/stream/redemeandben
ottw00roywuoft#page/n121/mode/2up)
(1871 ed.). Birmingham. p. 114.; it isn't
clear however if this refers to intercalation.
41. "What is a blue moon?" (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20180124181408/https://www.
farmersalmanac.com/astronomy/2009/08/
24/what-is-a-blue-moon/) . Farmers'
Almanac. 24 August 2009. Archived from
the original (https://www.farmersalmanac.c
om/blue-moon) on 24 January 2018.

42. "What's a blue moon?" (https://web.archive.

org/web/20140327035511/http://www.sky
andtelescope.com/observing/objects/moo
n/3304131.html) . Sky and Telescope.
1999. Archived from the original (http://ww
w.skyandtelescope.com/observing/object
s/moon/3304131.html) on 27 March
2014. Retrieved 7 October 2009.
 43. "Blue Moon" (https://web.archive.org/web/
20091223131400/http://science.nasa.gov/
headlines/y2004/07jul_bluemoon.htm) .
2009-12-23. Archived from the original (htt
p://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2004/07ju
l_bluemoon.htm) on 2009-12-23. Retrieved
2022-12-08.

External links

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