B.

TECH REPORT
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INTRODUCTION AND USES
❑ A canopy is an overhead roof or else a structure over which a fabric or metal covering is attached, able to provide shade or
shelter from weather conditions such as sun, hail, snow and rain.
❑ A canopy can also be a tent, generally without a floor.
❑ Architectural canopies include projections giving protection from the weather, or merely decoration.
❑ Such canopies are supported by the building to which they are attached and often also by a ground mounting provided by not
less than two stanchions, or upright support posts.
❑ Canopies can also stand alone, such as a fabric covered gazebo or cabana.
❑ Fabric canopies can meet various design
needs. Many modern fabrics are long-lasting,
bright, easily cleaned, strong and flame-
retardant.
❑ Canopies are typically intended to
provide shelter from the rain or sun, but may
also be used for decorative purposes, or to
give emphasis to a route or part of a building.
❑ The proper combination of these properties
can result in safe, strong, economical and
attractive products.

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 MATERIALS USED IN CANOPY

VINYL
❑ Vinyl shade structures are growing in popularity for homeowners.
❑ Vinyl provides many distinctive advantages and vinyl canopies are a terrific
option for shading backyard patios.
❑ The main attraction of vinyl is its toughness.
❑ Vinyl is exceptionally durable and highly corrosion-resistant, much like
aluminum and steel.

POLYESTER
❑ Polyester is the most commonly used material in the instant canopies because it is durable
and water resistant.
❑ Check the denier of the fabric, the thicker the material the tougher it will be.
❑ This material is water resistant not water proof, meaning that it can keep water at bay for
a reasonable amount of time but it will eventually seep in.
❑ This material will provide UV protection but it will be minimal.

POLYETHYLENE
❑ Polyethylene is going to be the most common material for carports and other semi-
permanent structures.
❑ This is because the material is UV resistant and treated to ensure that it is waterproof.
❑ This material is also best suited on frames that are going to be put up and left up because it
tends to wear out quickly on canopies that are taken up and down frequently.
❑ That’s why most instant canopies include water resistant canopies.

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WOOD
❑ Wood is a very popular choice for constructing canopies.
❑ Wooden shade shelters are visually appealing, relatively easy to
construct, and go well with practically any type of house.

METAL
❑ Metal's main benefit as a shade structure lies in its strength.
❑ Aluminum and steel are popular metal choices due to their strength, low
weight, and ability to withstand weather.
❑ In addition, metal constructions come in various colors and forms and
are particularly corrosion-resistant.

GLASS
❑ A glass canopy provides an attractive and practical feature to a building.
❑ Usually placed outside entrance doors a canopy protects people entering the
building, keeps the weather away from the doors and allows natural light through
to the entrance area.
❑ Clear glass is a popular choice but other glass options are not excluded.
❑ Entrance canopies are overhead glazing by definition and the selection of an
impact resistant durable product is essential.

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 CANOPY CONSTRUCTION METHOD

GABLED CANOPY
❑ Canopies are not limited to walkways as gabled awnings also help to protect
windows from the hot summer sun and help to keep your building cooler.
❑ Gabled canopies do the same from entryways and help to reduce a building’s
energy costs by providing shelter from the sun.
❑ Gabled canopies are one of the easiest ways to enhance a building’s design.
❑ Gabled canopies offer a graceful way to provide covered walkways, window
treatments, and to address weather and visual issues through building design.

❑ Gabled canopies offer a charm that

almost sets the mood or atmosphere
of a building.
❑ As a tool of design, their graceful
structure invites and enhances the
experience of employees and visitors.
❑ They are also an extension of a
building’s architectural planning.

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FLAT ROOF CANOPY
❑ These flat roof canopies
provide a great solution to all
needs.
❑ Flat roof canopies are a great
way to protect your plants
from all weathers.
❑ At the same time, flat roof
canopies are a great addition
to the summer look.
❑ Flat roof canopies are an
essential addition to any
backyard, garden, or pool
area.
❑ These flat roof canopies are
ideal for who have a small
amount of shade but want to
add a bit of zest to the
outdoor.

DOOR CANOPY
❑ Door and Window Canopies can be placed higher on walls than most openable doors and
windows and can be located over furniture or benches but still allow access to the door and
window for an opening; this makes them highly practical in bathrooms and kitchens.
❑ A front door canopy provides cover and protection, usually by sitting directly above your door
and giving an overhang which projects from the front of a building.
❑ This overhang, depending on its size, can offer beneficial shelter against rain, sun and wind.
❑ A bit like an umbrella for your door. A front door canopy provides cover and protection,
usually by sitting directly above your door and giving an overhang which projects from the
front of a building.
❑ This overhang, depending on its size, can offer beneficial shelter against rain, sun and wind. A
bit like an umbrella for your door.
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 CANOPY ATTATCHMENT METHOD
CANTILEVER
❑ This type of canopy
extends past the side of
the building without any
supporting columns on
the outside.
❑ It continues the roofline
out at the same angle,
which is more cost-
efficient because less
flashing or additional
guttering is required.
❑ This design is particularly
suitable when you are
wanting weather
protection in front of
openings and the knee
height of the building is
around 5-7m.
❑ These canopies do
require an internal gutter
at the back, which is
more expensive than
standard external
FULL HEIGHT POST
guttering. STRUTS
❑ This type of canopy is best suited when the span needs to be over 10m
❑ Often they are designed ❑ Canopy gas struts are ideal for
or 12m.
with purlins on top of holding open entryways and
❑ This is because it becomes considerably more cost-effective to put a
the steel to give a space tool doors, canopies in trucks
column down than to have a large cantilever.
for the guttering — and uses, they can likewise be
❑ In some cases, it has been cheaper to do a 15m wide canopy with a
which can create nesting utilized in motor homes and
column rather than a 10m wide cantilevered canopy — which also
spaces for birds. caravans to keep doors,
gives a 50% increase in the covered area.
panels and hatches open all
❑ Canopies with supporting columns are typically used as a covered
well as internal furniture doors
unloading/loading or ‘breezeway’ area.
and canopies.
❑ Usually, a loading area needs to be at least 12m or 15m wide to give
sufficient space to maneuver forklifts.
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CASE STUDY:
Tree-Structure Canopy

❑ The entire design approach for the canopy was

based on a set of parameters, determined by a given
range of conditions, such as structural layout of the
underground parking, local building code
restrictions, construction cost as well as
programmatic and circulation requirements.
❑ The Westendgate proposed canopy was not
designed in a conventional top down design
process, where the architect determines design and
passes it on to engineers and fabricators for further
processing.
❑ The dimensions of the different planar meshes were
determined in relation to the practical constraints
imposed by the possible roof cladding materials;
glass, ETFE foil and polycarbonate panels.
❑ Finally, branched columns were generated from
selected Voronoi intersection points.
❑ The location of the trunk of the tree that the
branches would spring from was determined by
where they would meet with the position of the
existing underground column grid at the ground
slab level.
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❑ Determination of assembly joints and frame units
was a key issue in order to resolve the construction
details and manufacturing method of the
TreeStructure canopy.
❑ Due to the complexity of the joints, where each
one becomes a crossing point for up to five
different axes, the only geometrically feasible steel
section profile proved to be the tube.
❑ Rectangular or T-shape profiles could not intersect
in a geometrically calculable joint.

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