EVALUATION OF PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF DRUGS

ACCORDING TO WHO INDICATORS IN ORTHOPAEDIC

DEPARTMENT

BY
Ms. PARVATHY PAVANAN
Ms. DHANYA REJI
Ms. LIZA BISWAS
Mr. NITESH YADAV

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Dr. E SATHEESH KUMAR
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
DEPARMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE
PROFESSOR AND HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

CO-GUIDE
Dr. Srividya
ASST. PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY,
SIMS & RC

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 INTRODUCTION
Orthopaedics is a branch of medicine broadly concerned with the
skeletal system which helps in treating various disorders related to
bones, tendons, ligaments, etc. Various orthopaedics problems of old
age such as arthritis, osteoporosis, low backache, cervical
spondylosis, and radicular pain are referred to as cold orthopaedics
that are mainly treated by drugs. More than 40% of patients coming to
the Outpatient Department (OPD) of orthopaedics own these cold
orthopaedics problems. The quality of treatment provided relies on
safe and effective therapy at a nominal cost.

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Drug utilization studies conducted in the in-patient settings are effective tools that help
in evaluating drug prescribing trends, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of hospital
formularies. Hence, the present study was conducted with an objective to obtain
information on prescribing pattern in orthopedic inpatients and to evaluate the data for
the WHO core indicators regarding prescribing practices to promote rational
prescribing.

The indicators enable the investigator to identify the prescription profile and quality of
services offered to the population. The prescribing indicators are as follows:

1. The average number of drugs per encounter: Through this indicator, it is possible
to investigate poly medication, a major factor contributing to drug interactions and
adverse reactions. The educational and informational level of the person prescribing the
medication may also be observed.

2. Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name: This indicator enables the

investigator to calculate the number of prescriptions in which the drugs are
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prescribed by the generic name. This helps in controlling drug costs in the health service. It
also evaluates the influence of marketing on the person prescribing drugs.
3. Percentage of encounters with antibiotics prescribed: This indicator aims to evaluate
the use of antibiotics in excess, a practice which contributes to bacterial dissemination and
resistance.
4. Percentage of encounters with injections prescribed: This indicator helps to evaluate
the injectables in excess, administration of which may have serious consequences when
prescribed or applied wrongly, such as in the event of anaphylactic reactions, adverse
reactions, and necrosis.
5. Percentage of drugs prescribed from the essential drugs list or formulary: This
indicator helps in measuring the degree to which practices conform to the national drug
policy. Besides controlling costs, the essential drugs list guarantees the treatment of the
principal diseases of the population.

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 NEED FOR STUDY
• Prescription pattern monitoring studies (PPMS) are drug utilization studies
with the main focus on prescribing, dispensing and administering of drugs.

• Prescription patterns explain the extent and profile of drug use, trends,
quality of drugs and compliance with regional, state or national guidelines like
standard treatment guidelines, usage of drugs from essential medicines list and
use of generic drugs.

• The aim of PPMS is to facilitate the rational use of drugs in a population.

Irrational use of medicines is a major problem worldwide. WHO estimates that
more than half of all medicines are prescribed, dispensed or sold
inappropriately and that half of all patients fail to take them correctly. The
overuse, underuse or misuse of medicines results in wastage of scarce
resources and widespread health hazards.

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 • This study will help in assessment of the drugs used in hospital
for orthopedic department in comparison to that of the WHO
guideline.

• This study will help to know more about the drugs prescribed
before and after the surgery procedure.

• We can also know the treatment pattern for the patients having
co-morbidities.

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 AIM OF THE STUDY
TO EVALUATE PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF DRUGS
ACCORDING TO WHO INDICATORS IN ORTHOPAEDIC
DEPARTMENT.

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 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the prescribing pattern of drugs
according to WHO indicators in orthopedics
department.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVE:
• To assess the decrease in the pain intensity
by referring Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating
Scale.
• To assess the Drug Interaction.
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 METHODOLOGY
❖STUDY SITE :
Sapthagiri Institute of medical sciences and
research center, Bangalore.

❖ STUDY DESIGN:
This study is a Cross-sectional Study

❖DURATION OF THE STUDY:

The duration of the study is 6 months.
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 STUDY CRITERIA
✓INCLUSION CRITERIA:
• Inpatients in orthopaedic departament
✓EXCLUSION CRITERIA
• Pregnant and lactating women
• Self- medications
• Patient having cardiovascular disease.

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 METHOD OF COLLECTION OF
DATA:
Patient data will be collected from medical records
and interviewing patient with open ended
questions, data collected will be noted in self-
designed patient data collection form.

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 STUDY PROCEDURE
• This is a cross- sectional study, where the patient who
are satisfying the inclusion criteria will be enrolled into
the study with the help of patient consent form.
• All the patients admitted in the ward will be reviewed
on daily basis.
• Patients with known complaint will be interviewed with
open ended questions regarding their medical history
and recruited if they meet the study criteria.
• Patient’s demographic details such as name, age,
gender, education level, lifestyle, economic status, will
be collected.
• The study will also check on the medication chart and
to find any medication related problems along with
their laboratory data.

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 PAIN INTENSITY FORM

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 PATIENT PROFILE FORM

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 CONSENT FORM

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 THANK YOU

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