CHAPTER – 02 Types of Estimate Quantity Surveying and Valuation

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23 JUNE
 SYLLABUS STEEL STRUCTURE

1. Introduction Rivet
2. Connection Welded
Bolted
3. Tension member
4. Compression member
5. Flexural Member C Beam
6. Industrial roof truss
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Steel Structure
Carbon + fe + si + Ni + Cr
(0% - 1.1%wt)
Effect of carbon content on steel
;fn Steel esa carbon dh ek=k c<+k;h tk;s rks steel dh strength
vkSj hardness c<+ tkrh gS]ijarq welding fØ;k ij bldk foifjr
izHkko iM+rk gSA
Steel Brittle gks tkrh gSA
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• ;fn steel esa dkcZu dh quantity dks de dj fn;k tk, rks
steel dh strength shortness de gks tkrh gSA rc bldk use
structure member ds :i esa ugha fd;k tkrk gSA
• Effect of silicon content on steel
• Steel ds physical properties i.e. elasticity, hardness,
ductility, strength etc ij dksbZ effect ugha Mkyrk gSA
• Silicon dh ek=k 0.2 ls vf/kd ¼yxHkx 0.30 &0.40½ c<+us ij
steel dh elasticity & strength c<+ tkrh gSA
• ;fn silicon dh ek=k c<+kdj 2% dj fn;k tk;s rks steel
brittle material dh rjg behave djrk gSA
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Ni, cr – Anti corrosive properties
Stainless steel – Remarkable Resistance to corrosion &
heat
Classification of steel Based on carbon component
1- Low carbon steel (0.10 – 0.25%)
2- Medium carbon steel (0.25-0.60)
3- High carbon steel (0.60 – 1.1%)
Low carbon steel – mild steel in R.C.C. construction
structural steel
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Medium carbon steel – Rail, hammer etc.
High carbon steel – stone masonry tools, Drilling &
punching tools.
Structure – Assembly of load bearing members
Rivet Tension member
Bolt Compression member
Weld Flexural member (Beam)
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Torsional member
Types of structure
1- One Dimensional structure – Pipe laying
2- Two Dimensional structure – Sheet structure
3- Three Dimensional Structure – Space structure
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Advantage of steel structure
1- Steel ductile material blfy, ;s Suddenly fail ugha gks
ldrk gSAas
2- Steel Structure dks vklkuh ls tksM+k rFkk gVk;k tk ldrk gSA
3- STEEL structure dks vklkuh ls transport fd;k tk ldrk gSA
4- STEEL STRUCTURE dk dead load de gksrk gSA
5- STEEL dks easily :i ls Recycle fd;k tk ldrk gSA
6- STEEL dh Scrap Value vPNh gksrh gSA
7- Steel gj txg easily available gksrk gSA
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DISADVANTAGE OF STEEL STRUCTURE
• Initial cost T;knk gksrh gSa
• Steel work ds fy, maintenance Cost cgqr T;knk gksrh gSA
• STEEL tYnh ls tax idM+rh gS vkSj [kjkc gks tkrh gSA
• cM+h Steel work ds fy, Trained labour dh vko”;drk IkM+rh
gSA
• Steel structure dks iwjh rjg ls fire proof rFkk sound
proof ugha cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
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Properties of steel
1. Density of steel (P) – 7850 kg/m³
2. Modulus of elasticity – Es – 2×105 mpa.
3. Poission Ratio (μ) 0.3 (elastic Range)
0.5 (Plastic Range)
4. Modulus of Rigidity (G) – 0.769 × 105 mpa
5. Coeff. Of thermal expansion = 12 × 106 /°c
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Permissible stress in structural steel
Cases Wsm Lsm
1. Max Permissible axial compressive stress 0.6fy fy/1.1
2. Max Permissible axial tensile stress 0.6fy fy/1.1
3. Max. Permissible bending tensile stress 0.66fy fy/1.1
4. Max permissible bending compression stress 0.66fy fy/1.1

𝒇𝒖
5. Max permissible avg. shear stress 0.4 fy
𝟑 𝒓𝒎

6. Max Permissible bearing stress 0.75fy fy/1.1

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𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉
Design Strength =
𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒂𝒇𝒆𝒕𝒚 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 (𝒓𝒎)

Yield strength r mo = 1.10

Ultimate strength rm1 = 1.25
Remark – max. permissible shear stress in bolt & weld –
f4 / 𝟑 × 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓

tc wind load vkSj earth quake load dks consider fd;k tkrk gS rks member esa
𝟏
33 % rFkk rivets, bolt esa 25% Permissible stress c<+k fn;k tkrk gsS A
𝟑
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Structural steel Section
1. Rolled steel section
Manufactured in standard shape & size
i.e. I- section, C. section , Angle section etc.

Designation by ISLB 500 @ 735.8N/m

overall depth self weight

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2. Built up section, which is made by joining two or more section if
load condition is not fulfilled by rolled steel section then built up
section will be formed.
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ISLB (J.S Light Beam) used as a beam
ISMB (IS. Medium beam
ISWB (IS. Wide beam) used as a column
ISHB – IS Heavy beam – used as a column
Remark – I section is the most efficient section to resist bending
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Rolled steel channel section / C- section

Designation ISLC 350 @ 380.6N/M

overall depth self weight

It is designated by depth & weight

Rolled steel channel is used for light loading i.e. purlin, lintel etc.
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3. Rolled steel T. section
ISNT 150 @ 223.7 N/m
(as overall depth) (Self weight)
Designated by its depth & weight
Used – Water tank
Types
1. ISNT (IS. Normal T – bar)
2. ISHT (IS heavy flange Tee-bar
3. ISLT (IS light – T-bar)
4. ISSLT (Indian Standard special legged / T-bar
5. ISJT (IS Junior T – bar)
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4. Rolled steel Angle section L-section

ISA Indian standard angle section

ISA (150×100) ×6
leg length thickness
It is designated by leg length &
thickness
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Angle section is designated by its leg length & thickness
Types
1. Equal angle section i.e. ISA 100 ×100 ×6
2. Unequal angle section i.e. ISA 150 × 100 × 6
3. Bulb angle section C
bulb angle increase the flexural stiffness

bulb angle section used in ship construction

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Indian Standard Tube section
Used – To resist torsional load
Circular hollow section is the most efficient section to resist
compression
Designated by their outside dia & self weight

R.H.S S.H.S C.H.S

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6. Indian Standard bar
Indian standard round bar – i.e. Rivet , bolt , rod
Indian standard square bar –

ISRO 10 ISRO 20
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7. Indian Standard Plate Thickness > 5mm
Designated – ISPL 2000 × 1000 × 8
L B T
Indian Standard Sheet – thickness < 5mm
Designated by ISSH 2000 × 1000 × 3
L B T
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Rolled Steel flat section
Thickness > 5 mm

8 mm

200 mm

Designated 200 ISF 8

width Thickness
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Rolled steel strip section Thickness < 5 mm

2 mm

100 mm

Designated 100 ISST 2