26.

24
ROCK
T,'=
y(Y-1)/Y
THERN
T, -T; TURBINES AND JET PROPULSION
26.25

T-T,
From the above two equations,
T,= T, n. T,-T,
446 300
0.8 = I2=483 K
(y-1)/y
T, -300
n, = T, -T Heatsupplied by fuel = heat given to the burning gases.
m, x C.V. = (m, +m) C, (T,-T)
Erom the above two equations
(Y-1)/Y C.V. ma-+1 *C,(T,-T)
41720 = (80 + 1) x 1 (T,T,)
41720 = 80 x 1 (T, 483)
T, = 998K
Heat given by the fuel in combustion chamber
(7-1)/7
m,x C.V. noom =Cpg (m, t m(T, T,) 998
A0 236
672 K
P2,

c.V. xNeum =Cas+1 |(T,-T) where a is

Mf
mf known as air T, -T;
If the arrangement is such that theree is separate compressor turbine fuel ratiolA 998T4
0.85 = 998 672 .:. T,=721 K
turbine then
and
[Work developed by the compressor turbine] =Work absorbed by
: Cp K(T,-T) xnm =Cpu (T,-T)
separate
he compes
ym: W, = C(T,-T) x m,
where mg is the mass of hot
gases formed per kg of air
81

where K=
W, = 1|R0 (998 721) = 281 kJ/kg of air
of air
m, W, = m,C(T, -T)=1 x1(483300) = 183 kJ/kg
air
W,= W,-W,= 281-183 = 98 kJ/kg of chamber
combustion
Problem 26.1 In an open constant pressure gas Heat supplied per kg of air passing through
turbine, air enters the compressor at 1. 02 bar and 27°C. 1 x 41720 = 521.5 kJ/kg of air
The press ure of air after the compression is T
80
Output 98
4.08 bar. The isentropic efficiencies of compressor and =0.1875 = 18.75%
Input 521.5
turbine are 80%and 85 %respectively. The A:Fratio
98x 2.5
used is 80: 1. Find the I.P. and thermal efficiency of IP. of the turbine
1
= 245 kW.
the cycle if the flow rate of air is 2.5 kglsec. Take 2 Problem 26.2. A constant pressure closed cycle gas turbine plant works between a
C = 1kJIkg-K and y= 1.4 for air and gases. isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine are
temperature range of 800°C and 30°C. The
C.V. of fuel used =41720 kJ lkg. the cycle for minimum thermal efficiency
80 %and 90 % respectively. Find the pressure ratio of used as working medium. What is the
and maximum specific output of the cycle. Assume air is
pressure change in these ifArgon is used as working medium ?
(7-1)/y 0.286 1
(4.08
Solution. T; =T2 = 300
l.02) (s) ENTROPY Solution. 14(2(14-1))
Ty/(-1) 800 + 273)
= 300x 40.286 = 446 K Fig-Prob. 26.1.
(a) R, (for max.Specific-output) =n,n 20 + 273

l07371.75
= (2.25)1.75 = 5.15for air
 Enduring Value
26.26

1073 7:67/2(1.67-)
303 =
THERA ROCK
Precentage decrease in R. required l5x 3.28
x
100
(2.25)1246 =328 for GAS
TURBINES AND JET PROPULSION

R_(for maximum thermal efficiency)

5.32
=35.2 % Argon - (700 +273 0286
= 585.66 K
26.27

0.8 = 973-T4
973. 585.66 T,= 663.13 K
3-1/1 1
W, = C(T, -T) = 1(528.97 - 288) =
W, = C,(T,-T)= 1(973 663) = 240.8 kJ/kg of air
7l4/141 W, = W, - W, = 310.5- 240.8 = 310.5 kJ/kg of air
1073/303 3.5 LeAbomass of air flowing is mJsec, then I.P. of69.7 kJkg of air
theplant is given by
3.55
- LP. = W, x ma
1073
303
1
1
0.8 x 0.9
1
l41
(2.25).5 =25.5 (for ain 940
69.7
= 13.5 kglsec

R, =(2.52)167(1.67-1) =(2.52)2.49 =10 6)Heat supplied per kg of air circulation = C, (T,-T)= 1973528.97) = 441.7 kJ/kg
Problem 26.3. Air enters at 1 bar and 15°C into (for
Actual heat supplied =441.7 x0.9 =397.5 kskg
the Argon). (e) The thermodynamic efficiency of the plant is given by
open cycle gasturbine plant and leaves the compressor
Temperature of the gases entering the turbine = 700°C
at 6 bar. compressor of a
Using the fol oconswintgant dntprn.
Work output
Actual heat supplied
69.7
397.5
=0.14 or 17.5 o.

Pressure loss in the combstion chamber = 0.1 bar Problemn 26.4. The pressure ratio of an open cycle
n=80 % constant pressure gas turbine plant is 6. The temDerature
and n, = 80%; 1m= (combustion) = 90 % range of the plant is 15°C and 800°c.
Using the following data :
Take y= 1.4 andC =lkJIkg- Kfor air 6Ba Cpu =1 kJI kg-K
and gases. 1.075 kJI kg-K
Find (a) the quantity of air circulation T y= 14 for air and gases
in the system if theplant develops 940 hW. C.V. offuel = 43000 kJI kg
(6) Heat supplied per kg of air =0.85,
circulation and 2 n,= 0.90, nom (combustion) = 0.95.
(c) Ther thermal efficiency of the cycle. Find (a) The thermal efficiency of the plant
Neglect the mass offuel. (6) I.P. of the plant if the circulation of air is 5 kglsec.
(c) A:F ratio, and (s) ENTROPY
(Y-1)/y
(d) Specific fuel combustion.
Solution. 1 Fig.-Prob. 26.4,
Neglect the losses in the system.
= 288 x (6)0.286 480.78 K \(Y-1)/Y
(s) Entropy
Solution.
P2 = 288(6)0.286 480.78 K
T; =T,
T,-T Fig.-Prob. 26.3. P1,
T, -T, T,-T,
n, = T, -T
480.78 288
0.8 = T, = 528.97 K 480.78 288 T,=514.80 K
Th -288 0.85 =
T, - 288
\(7-1)/7
T, =T,
 Enduring Value

26.28
ROCK
= (800 +

=642.76 K THERM ENGI ASTURRINES AND JET PROPULSION

26.29
a reheater-is used between the two turbines. Gases are
nterinp
nto the LP. turbine. heated in the reheater to 850°C before
0.90
1073 - T, .. T, = 685.78 K rng the compressor and turbine efficiencies as 0.83, find (a) the
1073 - 644 rgenerutor, (6)
Lwith regenerator whose effectiveness is 0.65, and (c) cycle efficiency without
if the I.P. developed by the
is .310 kW. Find the mass of the fluid circulated.
W, =C(T,-T) =1s (514.S- 28S) = plant,

m, x C.V.x nom =(m, +m) Cag (2 - T,) 226.8 kJIkg is used in the cycle as working fluid y= 1.4 and C. = 1 kJl ke.K
Solution. The processes for the given conditions are shown in Fig. Prob.
is 26.5.
The given data
T, = 25 + 273= 298 K.
p, = 2 bar
T
43000 x 0.95 =1+""x1.075(1073514 Q) T. = 850 + 273 = 1123 K
mf P, = 8 bar
T, =T, = 298 K and 8
a - 67.4:1 T, =T, = 1123 K
m

W, = Cpe x K(T, - T)
where Kis the mass of gases formed per kg of air.
T; -T;
I.P. =310 kW. Fig.-Prob. 26.5. (s) ENTROPY
K
given conditions for
mf Tntermediate pressure for the compressor as well as for turbine for the
developed by the turbines is
68.4 timum work supplied to the compressors and maximum work
W, = 1.075 x
67.4)
(1073- 685.78)= 393 kJkg of air given by
reheating are used
W, = W,- W, = 393- 226.8= 166.2 kJkg p, = JPP = J2x8 =4 as perfect intercooling and perfect
= 298 x (4/2)0.286 = 363 K
T, =T(p/p,-
IP. =(m/sec.) x W, =5x 166.2 = 831 kw. T;-T
Heat supplied per kg of air flow
- Fuel supplied per kg of air x nom XC.V. 363 298
0.83 = T,=376.3 K.
1 T, - 298
674
x 43000 >x 0.95 = 606 kJ/kg of a i r Tl T, =T, = 367.3 K as n., = o and T, =T,
0.286
Work output per kg of air 166.2 = 922 K
606
=0.274 = 27.4 %. T; = Tspp- =1123) x
Heat input per kg of air
Fuel supplied per hour = Air supplied per hourx Fuel supplied per kg of air T;-T,

=5 x3600 x -
1
= 267 kg/hr.
NaT-T6
1123-Ts
0.85 =
:. T=952 K
0.32 1123 -922

267
T=T, =952 Kas n,=N and T, =T, =1123 K
Specific fuel consumption= = 0.32 kgkWh.
831 [ (Effectiveness of regenerator) = T; -T,
Problem 26.5. A closed cycle gas turbine consists of a twO-compressor and a tuo-s coming out of regenator.
turbine. All the compoenents are mnounted on the same shaft. The pressure and temperae where T, is the temperature of air
temeperaruku
the inelt of thefirst stage compressor are 2bar and 25°C. The maximnum cycle two compras
pressure are limited to 85O°C and 8 bar. A Derfect-cooler is used between the
 EnduringValue

26.30
T, - 367.3
ROCK
0.65 = 952- 367.3

each turbine is same and

T, = 750 K.

work
W-(We + W,)=
Netwrok available = (W,, +absorded
W, =2C,[(T,- T)-
by each 2(W,- We
(T,T,)) compressor is as the
same work
THERMNE GIN GAS
rURBINES

e diagram
on Ts
AND JET PROPULSION

Aion. All the pr0cesses considereing the pressure losses are shown in Fig.
26.31

Prob. 26.6
T =T, (4/1-1r = 300(4y0 286 2B6 K
=2 x1[(1123 952)-(367.3 -298)] =
supplied per kg of air without regeneration
185.81 kJ T;-T
Heat
=C, (T;- T) +C,(T;-T) kg of air, T, - T;
466 300
=1[(1123367.3) +(1123-
952)] = 916.7 0.8 =
T, -300
T, = 483 K
Heat supplied per kg of air with regeneration
1kJIkg of a T, = 700 + 273 = 973 K

n (without regeneration)=
=C, (T;-T)+C, (T;-T=1 (1123
185.8
= 0.202= 20.2 %
-7850)+ (1123 air, T =T,(1.13/3.85-1 = 973(1/3.4)0 286
T; -T,
685 K

916.7

n.,(with regeneration)= 541.7 = 0.343 = 34.8 o

52)\=5ALI 0.85 =

rHeat liberated by fuel

T, -T'
973-T,
973- 685
T, = 728 K
[Heat carried by combustion products]
The I.P. of the plant is given by in combustion chamber from the combustion chamber
I.P. = m, x W, m.x C.V.x ncom =(m, + m) CpT;-T)
where m. is the mass of air circulated ln the cycle per second c.V.xnçom= (mlm)+1] CT,-T)
310 = n, x 185.8
42,000 x 0.9 = [m, Im)+ 1] x 1.1(973 -677)
m, = 1.67 kg/sec. m/m,= I16
Problem 26.6. The following data refers to an open cycle constant m,Cp (T, - T,)
Pressure and temperature at the nlet of compressor = l bar and 97m
Atmospheric pressure =1.03 bar
tpressure gas turbine m,Cp (T, -T,) Cpe
Pressure at the outlet of compressor = 4 bar 0.75 =
1116 T, - 483
1.1 117 728- 483
Isentropic efficiency of compressor = 80% T,= 687K
Tempeature of thegases at the entry W, = Cpa (T,-T) = 1(483 300)
= 183 kJ.kg of air
of turbine= 700°C -4
Bar
KCo(T, -T) where Kis the mass of gases formed per kg of air,
Pressure loss in the regenerator W,=
along air side = 0.10 bar - 3B
8u 117
1.1(973-728)= 272 kJ/kg of air
Pressure loss in the combustion
T WE 16 x
kJ/kg of air
chamber= 0.05 bar
9 2 -119Bu
W,= W,- W, = 272- 183 = 89
0.9 = 80 kJ/kg of air
Isentropic efficiency of the turbine -108B Actual work available = W, xn =89 x
Heat supplied per kg of air air
= 85%
Eeffectiveness ofregenerator= 0.75 -1Bar
=KC,(T:-T)=116 x
1.1x(973 - 677) =326.5 kJNkg of
Pressure loss in the regenerator calculated as
Heat supplied can also be x C.V. x n.om
along gas side = 0.1 bar C. V. of the fuel = Fuel supplied per kg of air
used = 42, 000 kJ/kg 142,0000.9g26 kJ
Flow of air =2.5 kgl sec. +s) Entropy
= 116 1 1

om (combustion efficiency) = 90% Overall efficiency of the cycle air 80 =0.245 = 24.5 %
Fig-Prob. 26.6.i Actual wrok output per kg of
m,(Mechanical efficiency) =90% the plant. Heat supplied per kg of
air 326.5
Find the overall efficiency of the plant and I.P. developed by I.P.= m,x 80 = 2.5 x 80 =
200 kW.
Take y= 1.4 for air and gases.
Cug (for air) = 1kJIkg-K andC,, (gases) = 1.1 kJIkg-K.
 Enduring Value

ROCK
26.32
consists of
Problem 26.7. A turbo-jet
unit

and outside nozzle. The outlet of the compessor is d %

single stage compressor.
pressure and temperature at the inlot
of THERMsAùLngle ENsGtnINge TURBINES AND JET PROPU ULSION C 26.33
280 K The pressureat the
Assuming the following data:compressor
Isentropic efficiency of the the cycle
= 80%, Maximum
temperature of
compres or, are 0.81
GAS

=550°C. 85%. 136-1)/136

Isentropic efficiency of turbine =
T 645 = 823
90%.
Isentropic efficiency of nozzle = P, = 1.1 bar.
Combustion efficiency = 98%
(y-1)/
Mechanical efficiency = 95%
Cpa = lkJ/ kg-K,
y= 1.4for air and = 561 K
Cp = 1.2 kJIkg-K, IP. required to run
the compressor
= 4100 kW
y= 1.35 for gases = m, xC, (T, -T;) = 20 × 1 (485 - 280)
C.V. offuel used = 42,000 kJI kg. (s) Bntropy nozzle is given by
Aircraft speedFig.-Prob. 26.7. Heat drop in the
Static back pessure on the nozzle = 0.6 bar. = 720 Ah = Cp (T;-T)= 1.2(625 -544) = 97.2 kJ/kgof air.
kmlhr. relative to craft.
Find the follwing : Velocity of gases leaving the nozzle
(a) I.P. required to drive the compressor, (b) A.F. ratio used, V=J2g,JAh = 2x1x1x 972x 1000 = 440 m/sec.
(c) Thrust
(d) The Propulsion efficiency.
000,9% developed anà Velocity of the craft =
700x 1000
3600
200 m/sec.

Solution. U= 200 m/sec.

nozzle per second.
Mass of gases passing through the
101.5 20.2 kg/sec.
I, = 550 + 273 = 823 K m, = 20 x
100.5

(Heat supplied by the fuel in Heat carried by the gases m(V-U) 20.2(440- 200) = 4848 N
Thrust produced
the combustion chamber from combustion chamber
2U 2x200 =0.625= 62.5 %.
m,x C.V.x Ncom=Cpg (m, + m,) (T- T) 440+ 200

Problem 26.8. In an open cycle constant

C.V.x nçom= C.
mf
-*1,-T,) pressure gas turbine, air enters the
compressor at
air after the
1bar and 300 K. The pressure of efficiencies of B =B
4 or R=1
Bor

compression is 4 bar. The isentropic and 85%

42,000 x 1.2 = 0.26 **+1 (823 485) compressor and turbine are 78% Calculate
respectively. The air-fuel ratio is 80: 1.
thermal efficiency of the
the power developed and kg l sec.
-= 100.5:1 cycle the flow rate of air is 2.5 air and
for
Take C,= 1.005 kJ|kg-Kand y= 1.4 gases.
C, = 1.14 kJI kg-K and y = 1.33 for
Net work developed by turbine = Work required to run the compressor. kJI kg.
R= 0.287 kJ Ikg-K. C.V, offuel = 42,000 ofisentropjc
1

Cpe K(T,- T) xnm =CpT,-T). Solution. Temperature at the end Fig.-Prob.26.8.

where K is the mass of gases per kg of air compression is
1.4866 = 445.97 446 K
101.5 0.95=1x(485 - 280) = 300 x 0.40.286 = 300 ×
1.2 x (823 - T)x P1
100.5
T,= 645 K.
 Enduring Value

26.34
ROCK
duTIng compression i
Actual temperature rise
THERN
T,- T,=
(446 300) 146
0.78 = 187.18 C HERMAEN TURBINES AND JET PROPULSION
s7
GAS
26.35
T, = 487.18 K. Theambient air temperature and pressure ure 15°C and 1.013 bar respectively.
= Heat taken by the gases
Heat supplied by fuel 1suming no pressure-loss in heat exchanger and combustion chamber,calculate the net
i.e., m,xC.V.= (m, +m;) (T,- T) xC, output, specific fuel consumption and thermal efficiency ofthe cycle. Takethe lower calorific
ower kJIba
as 43125
ueoffuel
C.V.=
m,
. +1.C,T,-T) all - 1.005 and y =1.4 during compression.
Take C, and y= 1.333during heuting and expunsion.
C, =l..147
or
42.000 =(80 + 1) x 1.147 x(T,-T) Solution. p,= 6 xp, =6× 1.013 = 6.078 bar
42000 Temperature at the end of isentropic compression is
T, = 81x1.147
+ 487.18 = 939.25 K Y-1
T,'=T, (R,) Y = 288 x 60.286 480.78 K
The work required to drive the compressor is
W,=C, (T;-T)= 1.0055x
: 187.18 =
188.12 )
Temperature at the end of isentropic expansion is
939.25
kJIkg of air 6

4 0.248 = 666 K
(R,) cc)
HE. 1
. Actual temperaturedrop = 1,-T, n, (T%T,')
=0.85(939.25666.00) =0.85 x273.25 -292 9n 288°k

T,= 939.25 232.26 =706.99°C K

Fig. Prob. 26.9. (SI)
Totalturbine work is W, =m, C(T, -T,) compression is
81 Actual temperature rise during 1
192.78
=257°C
x1.147× 232.26 = 269.73 kJ/kg of air 1 = (480.78 288) = 0.75
80 T,-T, = L(T, -T= 075
Net output will be W= W,- W,= 269.73 - 188.12 = 81.61 kW/kg of air T, = 545K
the compressor is
The work required to drive
1
W, = C,(T,-T) = 1.005 x 257 kJ/kg of air
Heat supplied per kg of air = x 42,000 = 525 kJ/kg of air 258.29 kW/kg of air.
= actual power required for
80
efficincy is 0.99, therefore, the
Since the mechanical
81.61 compressor is
.=0.1554 or 15.54 % 258.29 260.9 kW/kg of air.
525 at the
0.99 chamber, therefore, the pressure
Net power developed by the turbine loss in the combustion
Since there is no pressure
= 81.61 × 2.5 = 204.03 kW. inlet to the turbine is bar
apply to a gas turbine set emplgjig P3=P, = 6.078
Problem 26.9. At the design speed, the following data Temperature at the end of the
isentropic expansion is
1000 641.24 K
aheat exchanger : B0.248
75%
Isentropic efficiency of the compressor 85%
Isentropicefficiency of the turbine 98% drop =T,-T, = n,(T,-T) =304.95 305C
Combustion efficiency :. Actual temperature (1000-641.24) = 0.85 x 358.76
99% = 0.85
Mechanical transmission eficiency kJkg of air
22.7 kg lsec Total turbine work will be x 305 =349.84
Mass flow 6:1 W,=C,(T, -T)= 1.147
Pressure-ratio : 75 %
Heat exchanger effectiveness 1000 K
Maximum cycle temperature
 Endurine Value

26.36

Not output will

be
ROCK
W, = W,-W, = 349.84 -
Mass of air = 22.7 kg/sec. (given) 260.90 = 88.94 THERMA EN
Net output trom the
turbine
= n, x W, = 22,7x
s8.94 = 2018.94 k
kJkg of air GAS
rUROINES AND JET PROPULSION

The work required to drive the compressor is

26.37

Iot ybe the fuel supplied per kg of' air, then. W, = C(T, -T) = 1.0085(456.35 - 288) = 168.94 kJIkg of air
KW
43125 x 0.98 = 1.147(T, .T,) = 1.147 (1000
545))= 1.147 x 2019
Sincethe turbine work is just suffhcient to drive the compressor, therefore,
m,x
1.147x455
kw W,= W, = C(T,-T,)
m, = 43125 x 0.98 = 0.012345
kg of
455.
Thus, mass of fuel supplied = m, x m
= 0.01235 x 22.7
kg/sec = 0.01235
fuel/kg of air.
x
22.7 3600
= 1009.24 kg/hr.
1009.24
x

Hence, the specific fuel consumption = 2019 =0.4999 kgkW-hr.

S8.94 x 0.98
t
Voverall = 1147x455 = 0.1670 or 16.7 %
Considering the presence of heat exchanger (H.E.), the Fig. Prob. 27.10. (SI). The ideal gas-turbine cycle for a jet engine.

T, -T, =s (T, -T,)= 0.75(695 545) =

ef ectivenes is given by T,-T=
168.94
1.0035
T, = 1004.65 K
=168.35
[:: T,= 900 + 273 = 1173 K

T, = 545+ 112.5 = G57.5 K

0.75x 150 =112.K Y
1173
Temperature rise in combustion chamber =1.1676
1004.65
= T,-T, =1000-657.5 K= 342.5°C.
So that the overall efficiency becomes Pa =(1.1676)3.5 1.72
88.94 x 0.98 P4
= 0.222 or 22.2 %%
147 x342.5 P,= 5/1.72 = 2.91 bar. Then
the air entering into the nozzle is low.
Fuel consumption will also be reduced becauso the temperatre before Now let us assume that the velocity of
V=2C, (T, -T) = 2 x 1.0035x 1000 (1004.65 - T, ) .(1)
increased from T, to Ts. combustion or total expansion 3-5, we get
1.147x 342.5 To calculate Tr, consider the expansion 4-5
New value of m, = 431.5 x 0.98
= 0.0093 kg/kg of air 1173 =740.3 K
Total fuel supplied = 0.0093 x 22.7 = 0.211 kg/sec,= 0.211 x 3600 = 759,621 keh. Y-1 E0.286
759.62
(R,) Y
= 530557.23
Specific fuel consunption =
2019
0.3762 kg/kW/hr. V= 2x 1.0035 x 1000 x 264.35
V,=728.4 m/sec.
Problem 26.10. In ajet propulsion cycle air enters the compressor at 1bur,18Ch unit operates with a turbine inlet temperature of
pressure leaving the compressor is 5 bar and tlhe maximum temperature is 900°C. The air cpa Problenm 26.11. A simple-turbojetmass
and air flow of 22.7 kglsec under
design conditions.The
in the turbine to such a pressure that the turbine work is just equal to the compressor uek 0 1100 K, apressure ratio is 4:1
following component efficiencies may be assemed :
leaving tlhe turbine, the air expands in a reversible adabatic processs in a nozzle to l bar. Cala
...0.85
Isentropic compressor efficincey ... 0.90
the velocity of air leaving the nozzle.
Isentropicturbine efficiency ..0.95
Tuke C, = 1.0035 and y= 1.4 for compressor and expansion processes. Propelling nozzle efficiency ..0.99
Solution. Temperature at the end of isentropic compression process is Transmission efficiency
Y-1
60.286 = 288 x 1.5845 =456.36K
I = I,. (R,) Y = 288 x
 ROCK
AND

T=T,-n, (T,-T)= 954 18 -095 150 31 - 8114K

- 142.78
sut
2C,
V= V2xl147 x 1000 x 14278 =572.31 m/sec.
Solution. Atual temeperatur ne in compresson is al thrust per sec. = 22.7 x 572.31 = 12991 N= 13 kN
m check for critical pressure ratio
T-T= Pa 1.013
:0.501

Fig-Prob.261
2022
285 (4025 )= 288x 0.4865 and critical pressure ratio is
0S5 = 1650, I33/0 33
0.S5
=0.542
T, = 288 + 165 = 453 K.
D, =4 xp, =4 x l.013 = 4.052 bar nozzle and as
Mherefore, in this problem p/P, is less than the critical ratio of the propelling
static pressure at the
Since the work output of turbine must be just sufficient to the complete expansion within nozzle is not possible. Then, the
0.99 xCae (T,-T) =Cpo (T,-T)
l0035 x 165
drivethe compres ar t nozzle exit
will be
p=0.542 x 2.033 = 1.102 bar
Y-1
or I,-T, = 0.99 x 1147
= 145.82°c =(0.542)0.24s = 0.859
Thus,
Thus, the pressure ratio, R, across the turbine is given by T'=0.859 x 954.18 = 819.64 K
1 Now, (T,-T:) = 0.95 (T, -T)=(954.18 S19.64) = 127.8
T,-T= 145.82 =0.99 x 11001 0245 and T. = 954.18 127.80 = 826.38 K
R,
V,= /2x 1147x 1000 x1278 =541.45 m/sec.
1
24=1
145.82
=0.8527 The specific volume is given by
0.90 x 1100 RT,
R0248 = l1727
C,(y-1) 1147 x 0.33 =0.2846 kJ/kg-K
R,= 190 where R=
1.33 133
Ps P- Apcomb-= 4.052 0.210 = 3.842 bar 0.2846 x 826.38 x 103 = 2.13 cu. m/kg.
P3 3.842 = 2.022 bar 1102 x 10
P propelling nozzle, then
R, 1.90 Let A sq. m be the required area of the
V,.A= m.V,
For isentropic flow through nozzle, 22.7 x 213
A= 0.0893 sq. m
0.248 54145
2.022
T;-PAP5
T; 1.013
=1.187
x0.0893=0.3372 m
d=33.72 cm
954.18 =803.87 K
Or

T'= 1.189 1187