The JournaI of Prosthetic Dentistry

Volume 93, ssue 3, March 2005, Pages 274-281

doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2004.12.011 | How to Cite or Link Using DO




CompatibiIity of tissue conditioners and dentaI stones : Effect on surface
roughness
Hiroshi Murata DDS, PhD
a, ,
, Guang Hong DDS, PhD
b
, Ying Ai Li DDS
c
,
Taizo Hamada DDS, Phd
d


a
Assistant Professor
b
nstructor
c
Graduate student
d
Professor and Chair
Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry,
Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. Available online 9 March 2005.
Statement of probIem
Although the primary use of tissue conditioners is to treat abused mucosa, these
materials are also frequently used as functional impression materials. No information
was identified on the effect that these materials may have on the surface of the
resultant dental stone cast.
Purpose
This study evaluated the compatibility of 3 tissue conditioners with dental stones
and changes in surface conditions over time.
MateriaI and methods
Three tissue conditioners (COE-comfort, Soft-conditioner, and Visco-gel) and 4
dental stones (Capstone DF, New Plastone, Die Stone and New Fujirock) were
evaluated. One impression material (Examixfine) was used as a control. Tissue
conditioner disks were made by pouring freshly mixed material into a polypropylene
container, pressing the material down with a glass plate, and then removing the plate
2 hours later. The disks were then stored in distilled water for 0 or 24 hours, or 3, 7,
or 14 days. Subsequently, each dental stone was mixed and poured over the top
of each disk and allowed to remain for 60 minutes. Twenty-five disk-shaped
specimens, 18 2 mm, for each tissue conditioner/ stone cast combination were
prepared. Mean surface roughness (R
a
) values of the dental stone casts made


from the tissue conditioners were determined using a profilometer. Five
measurements for each specimen were made. Data were analyzed with 1- and 3-
way analysis of variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls test (d=.05). Detail
reproduction was also determined using a ruled test block, as specified in SO
specification 4823.

ResuIts
Contribution ratios determined by 3-way analysis of variance indicated that the
surface roughness values were significantly more influenced by the time of
immersion in water (P.0005, contribution ratio p=37%), than the type of tissue
conditioner (P.0005, p=19%) or dental stone used (P.0005, p=1%). The best
surface quality was obtained with a New Fujirock cast (0.81 0.06 m), followed by
New Plastone (0.83 0.12 m) and Die Stone (0.85 0.05 m) casts, in
combination with Visco-gel without immersion in water, and those were nearly
equivalent in surface roughness to a Die stone cast from Examixfine. The surface
roughness values of all specimens, especially the COE-comfort/ stone cast
combinations, significantly increased with tissue conditioner immersion time
(P.0005). Visco-gel tended to produce a better surface quality during the test
periods than the other materials. All stone casts made from the tissue conditioners
not immersed in water reproduced 20-m or 50-m lines, while the detail diminished
over time with immersion.
ConcIusion
The type of tissue conditioner, and especially immersion time, had a significant effect
on the surface quality of dental stone casts. The type of dental stone used is less
important.

Retardation of setting of plaster of Paris by organic acids: Understanding tbe

mecbanism tbrougb molecular modeling
1 !rg8udlger Plll
1*

2 !ohann lank
2

Article Iirst published online: 10 JUN 2004
DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20070
Copyright 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Issue
ournal of Computational Cbemistry
Volume 25, Issue 12, pages 14381448, September 2004
-897,.9
%o develop an understanding oI the action oI speciIic Iormulations, the growth oI gypsum
crystals under the inIluence oI retardation agents (tartaric and citric acid) has been studied
using molecular modeling. SurIace energies oI gypsum and plaster crystal Iaces were
calculated using established protocols. %he crystal morphology predicted Ior gypsum crystals
in the absence oI retardation agents is in excellent agreement with experiment. %he
simulations show that only in an alkaline environment is the crystal morphology oI gypsum
changed by retardation agents. %he simulations provide a detailed description oI retardation,
Ior example, the speciIic mechanisms by which tartaric and citric acid retard setting oI
gypsum and how they diIIer. At high pH meso, D(), and L() tartaric acid inhibit both the
growth oI gypsum and the dissolution oI plaster while at low pH tartaric acid and citric acid
will principally inhibit the growth oI gypsum. %he simulations provide a molecular
rationalization Ior a range oI experimental observations and a basis Ior the selection oI
alternate retardation agents. 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 25: 14381448,
2004



DimensionaI Accuracy of 7 Die MateriaIs

1. Brian J. Kenyon DMD
1
,
2. Mark S. Hagge DMD
2
,
3. Casimir Leknius DDS, MS, MA, MBA
3
,
4. Walter C. Daniels DMD
4
,
5. Scott T. Weed
5

Article first published online: 23 FEB 2005
DO: 10.1111/j.1532-849X.2005.00007.x
ssue
JournaI of Prosthodontics
VoIume 14, ssue 1, pages 25-31, March 2005

Keywords:
O Type V die stone;
O dental gypsum;
O epoxy resin;
O copper plating;
O dental materials
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the linear dimensional accuracy
and the handling characteristics of 7 die materials.
Materials and Methods: A master die analogous to a complete veneer crown
preparation was machined from medical grade stainless steel, and 3 measurements
(1: vertical; 2 and 3: horizontal) were made from 3 scribed reference lines. ndividual
polyvinylsiloxane impressions were made (n = 10) for each of the specimens. The
fabricated dies were measured (50) to the nearest 0.0001 mm. Data were subject
to ANOVA/Duncan tests at significance level 0.05 and pairwise comparisons.
Results: Type V resin-impregnated dental stone and copper-plated dies most
closely approximated the dimensions of the master die, and were not significantly
different from each other in any of the pairwise comparisons. Conventional Types V
and V dental stone dies exhibited setting expansion within the range appropriate for
gypsum. Epoxy resin die materials demonstrated shrinkage comparable to the
expansion of the Types V and V dies. Polyurethane dies displayed a combination of
linear expansion and shrinkage. Bis-acryl composite resin dies had excessive
shrinkage.
onclusions: Type V resin-impregnated dental stone and copper-plated dies were
more dimensionally accurate than the other die materials tested.