Mobile Networks and Applications: Assignment 5 Fall 2020-2021

Home address
In the figure on the right: the laptop on the top 197.21.201.15
left belongs to the shown network, but has
moved to the wireless network at the bottom of
the figure (as illustrated by the dashed curve).
Router Port
Address: Router Port
The original IP address, as well as the address
197.21.201.110 Address:
assigned by the (host) visited network, are
shown. Suppose the host network assigns a TTL 197.21.220.111
of 60 minutes to all guest computers. Laptop-k
Suppose all routers are interconnected by 2Mbps
links, and the wireless networks operate at
3Mbps bitrate. Also, suppose the shown Access Port Address:
Points (APs) are connected to routers via 4Mbps 141.21.202.111
Port Address: Port Address:
links, and each AP has a buffer of 32KB. Finally,
141.21.202.111 141.21.201.222
consider an MTU size of 1KB, and ignore the
processing delays at the routers and at the APs.

The Transport Header size is 20 bytes, IPv4

network header is 20 bytes, while the MAC
header (wireless and wired) is 34 bytes.

Note that the MAC layer MTU (maximum

Care of address
Transfer Unit) includes the application layer
141.21.201.200
payload, and the headers of Transport, IP, and
MAC layers. Hence, the 1 KB MTU includes up to
1024 – (20+20+34) = 950 bytes of application data.

Now, answer the below questions:

1. Write the entries for the mobility binding table at the home agent
2. What is the address of the home agent?
3. Write the entries for the mobility binding table at the foreign agent
4. What is the address of the foreign agent?
5. Suppose a passenger with a tablet in the car shown in the figure is sending a 1 MB video clip
to the mobile user who is now in the bottom network. If he started sending the clip at time 0,
at what time will the mobile user get the entire clip? Assume that the network core is not
congested and that no backoff is necessary to access the wireless channel. Note that the
shown tower (base station) acts like an Access Point (AP).
6. Suppose the Mobile IP registration message/reply size is 64 bytes. After having heard the ICMP
broadcast of the foreign agent in the network at the bottom of the figure (previous page), how long did
it take until the mobile user got a care-of address?
7. Suppose the laptop that is shown in the middle of the figure (labeled Laptop-k) is sending a 512 KB
music file to the mobile user that has moved to the network at the bottom of the figure). If Laptop-k

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 starts sending at time 0, when will the mobile user (with care-of address 141.21.201.200) receive the
entire file?
8. Suppose the mobile user at the bottom of the figure (with care-of address 141.21.201.200) who just
received the music file, is replying back by sending a 256 KB image to Laptop-k. If he starts sending the
reply at time 0, when will Laptop-k receive the entire image file?
9. Now suppose that the car in the top-left part of the figure remains in the same subset, but the laptop
is moving and could 1) remain in the same subnet, 2) end up in the middle subnet (the one the wireless
AP is attached to), or 3) end up in the bottom subnet where the AP is. If the car is acting as the
corresponding host (CH), while the laptop is the mobile node that has initiated the TCP session, then
a) what is the average delay of sending one MTU from the MN to the CH, given all possible
locations of MN?
b) what is the average delay of sending one MTU from the CH to the MN, given all possible
locations of MN?

Solutions

1. The entries for the mobility binding table at the home agent

Home address Care of address

197.21.201.15 141.21.201.200

2. The address of the home agent is 197.21.201.110

3. The entries for the mobility binding table at the foreign agent

Home address Home agent address

197.21.201.15 197.21.201.110

4. The address of the foreign agent is 141.21.201.222

For Question 5:

First, compute number of MTUs = File (1 MB video clip) size / (MTU size – total header size)
Overall information size to transmit = Number of MTUs * MTU Size
Note that we are assuming perfect wireless channel conditions, no backoff, and successful transmissions
in the wired networks.
We have:
− Car to AP transmission
− AP to Home Agent transmission
− 7 Routers (including home agent and foreign agent) transmissions

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 − AP to Laptop transmission
The collection of the above devices act as a pipeline:
1. The first MTU is transmitted by the Car
2. While the Car transmitting MTU 2, the AP will be transmitting MTU 1 to the Edge
Router (here, we ignore the differences in the transmission delays between the different
transmitters)
3. While the Car transmitting MTU 3, the AP will be transmitting MTU 2 to the Edge
Router, and the Edge router will be transmitting MTU 1 to the router next to it.
4. While the Car transmitting MTU 4, the AP will be transmitting MTU 3 to the Edge
Router, the Edge router will be transmitting MTU 2 to the router next to it, and that next
router will be transmitting MTU to its neighboring router.
5. And so on, until the pipe fills
6. Then as the Car will be transmitting an MTU, the AP on the other side (at the bottom of
the network, i.e., in the visited network) will be transmitting to the laptop
(simultaneously).
Hence, the overall transmission delay will be computed by summing the following:
- Transmission delay of (Number of MTUs * MTU Size), using the Wireless Bitrate
- Single MTU transmission delay by the AP in the home network
- Single MTU transmission delay by the 7 routers
- Single MTU transmission delay by the AP in the visited network

Question 6:
- Requires understanding of the registration process
- Accounting for the number of hops between the foreign agent and the home agent (for
forwarding the registration packet), and the same number of hops (for forwarding the
reply). The numbers of hops are used to compute transmission delays, which will
become part of the registration delay

Question 7:
- It is about understanding and applying triangular routing, and using the same pipeline
principle used in Question 5

Question 8:
- This is the mobile host replying back to the corresponding host: direct route

Question 9:
- This is similar to the above (including Question 7), where you need to take the average of
three cases.

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