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Amplitude Modulation in RECM Techniques
Amplitude Modulation in RECM Techniques
Amplitude Modulation in RECM Techniques
emsopedia.org/entries/amplitude-modulation-in-recm-techniques
Amplitude ON-OFF Modulations attempt to force alternately AGC operation for target
return in saturation condition and signal suppression (AGC jamming). Successful operation
requires AGC jamming to exploit the averaging effect of radar AGC time constant.
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To support Stealing Techniques (Range/Doppler):
In the preliminary part of Range and Doppler seduction.
This consists in the “dwell” phase of the gate stealing technique. After the
transmission of the first false target, at each subsequent pulse, the intensity of
the false echo is increased slightly, to a point far beyond the intensity of the
original echo.Then the radar decreases its gain and the contribution of the
actual radar return becomes negligible and is no longer distinguishable from
background noise (seduction phase or AGC capture).
In the final part of Range and Doppler seduction.
This consists in the “hold” phase of the gate stealing technique. When the radar
has been led far enough away in range or frequency, the jammer signal is
progressively attenuated and finally is turned off and the radar is left without a
target and will need to restart its acquisition process again before it can re-start
tracking the actual skin echo.
Figure 1: Amplitude Modulation in dwell and hold phases of a gate stealing technique
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During T on the output of the amplifier is at limit level because of the large
jammer input.
All signal modulation is lost because of the output limiting.
During Toff the gain of the amplifier is so low (because of the large AGC filter
capacitor voltage applied during Ton) that the output signal is too small to be of
any use.
Inverse Gain:
Inverse Gain Technique is a form of angle deception used against Conical
Scan Radars aimed to mislead the tracker from the actual target angle by
means of a false-target with synchronized amplitude modulation.
The jammer is able to receive the amplitude modulation from the radar (motion
of the detected transmitted beam) and can synchronize its modulation patterns
with the motion of the radar beam (Synchronized Inverse Gain to compensate
for radar scanning).
Confusion actions with the purpose of additional effects in relation with radar
illumination pattern (transmission in the side-lobes of scanning radars).
Scintillation according to fluctuation models, to provide realistic features to false
echoes.
Non-coherent Spoofing: generation of a large number of non-coherent false echoes
(false detections) in order to overload operator capabilities and automatic radar
extractor, obtained by Noise Jamming with superimposed scan synchronous
ON/OFF modulations.
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