March 1922 Break k baad milta

hoon
Gandhi was arrested and sentenced to six years
in jail
Leadership Vacuum
What to do
Nationalist leaders issued bewilderment on withdrawal of
movement
Congress 3D
Disintegration, Disorganisation and Demoralisation

1.Clash of Ideologies in Congress Origin due to

2.Resurgence of Revolutionary Terrorism leadership vacuum
Clash of Ideologies
Emergence of 2 groups:
1. Advocated to end the boycott & enter
Councils
Pro Changers/ Swarajists

2. Continue boycott and lage raho with

constructive work
No Changers
Swarajists and No Changers
C.R. Das, Motilal Nehru and Ajmal Khan Lets enter
councils....and bring
end to the boycott of legislative councils swaraj...

Nationalists could enter them to expose the

basic weaknesses of these assemblies

use these councils as an arena of political

struggle to arouse popular enthusiasm
to 'end or mend‘ these councils

Advocating entry into legislative councils

came to be known as the Swarajists

C.R. Das

Motilal Nehru
Swarajists and No Changers
Q. Swarajists' Arguments?
Entering the councils would not negate the non-cooperation programme
Time of political vacuum council work would serve to enthuse the
masses and keep up their morale

Intention was to use the councils as arena of political struggle

Entry of nationalists would deter the Government from stuffing the

councils with undesirable elements who may be used to provide
legitimacy to government measures
Swarajists and No Changers
'No-changers'
opposed council entry
Advocated ,concentration on constructive work
continuation of boycott and noncooperation
No taking part in
councils.

C. Rajagopalachari M.A. Ansari Rajendra Prasad Vallabhbhai Patel

Swarajists and No Changers
Q. No-Changers' Arguments??
Parliamentary work would lead to neglect of constructive work
Constructive work would prepare everyone for the next phase
of civil disobedience
Swarajists and No Changers
We want
December 1922, Gaya Session congress to
accept
defeat of the Swarajists' proposal of 'ending or mending' Swarajist
programme
C.R Das and Motilal Nehru resigned

formation of Congress-Khilafat Swarajya Party Humra

Proposal
Can’t accept your reject kar
programme...afsos... diya...!
!
Swarajists and No Changers
Haan to Baat karne se hi
December 1922, Gaya Session bolo..Nehruji kya baat banti hai
formation of Congress- karien
Khilafat Swarajya Party

So, what next?

Split like 1907?

Both sides wanted to avoid a 1907 type Keep me in the

loop...
split and kept in touch with gandhi who
was in jail
realised the significance of putting
up a united front
March 1922 Break k baad
milta hoon
Gandhi was arrested and sentenced to six years
in jail
Leadership Vacuum
Clash of Ideologies
Pro Changers vs. No changers

December 1922, Gaya Session

Defeat of Swarajists Proposal

September 1923, Delhi

Compromise between Swarajists & No Changers
Swarajists and No Changers Okay...u can contest
as a group within
congress
Swarajists were allowed to contest elections as a
group within the Congress

Swarajists accepted the Congress programme

Mann nahi
manta..lekin ek
Q. Gandhi's Attitude towards Swarajists? baar try karne do

Initially opposed to the Swarajist proposal of council entry

Gradually moved towards a reconciliation
 Okay...u can
December 1922, Gaya Session contest as a
Dekha mera group within
Defeat of Swarajists Proposal kamaal congress

September 1923, Delhi

Compromise between Swarajists & No Changers
Swarajists to contest within Congress

November 1923 elections

Swarajist Wins42 out of 141 elected seats
clear majority in the provincial assembly of Central Provinces
Swarajists and No Changers Shant baithiye..... Pls
maintain decorum of
Q. Assesment of Swarajists?? Positives the house

1.Filled the political vacuum

Vithalbhai Patel speaker of Central Legislative Assembly
in 1925
2.Agitated through powerful speeches

3.Outvoted the government several times

Defeat of the Public Safety Bill (1928)
Aimed at empowering the Government to deport undesirable
and subversive foreigners
Swarajists and No Changers Assembly chale
nahi denge
Q. Assesment of Swarajists?? Negatives
Lacked a policy to coordinate
Obstructionist strategy had its limitations

Failed to resist the perks and privileges of power and office

 Assembly
November 1923 elections nahin chalne
denge
Swarajist Wins42 out of 141 elected seats
clear majority in the provincial assembly of Central Provinces
Assesment +ve --ve
Q. Why did the swarajist movement came to an end?

1924
Weakening of Swarajist Programme
Division amongst Swarajists
Responsivisits Non-Responsivisits

1925 Death of CR Das CR Das- Nov 1869

to June 1925
Swarajists and No Changers
Q. Why council entry programme fizzled out? By 1924
1.Weakening of Swarajists Position Communal Riots
2.Leadership VacuumDeath of C.R. Das in 1925
3.Split Responsivist Vs. Non-responsivist lines
Responsivists  Group within Swarajistsadvocated cooperation with
the Government and holding of office wherever possible to protect the
Hindu interests

Madan Mohan Malaviya Lala Lajpat Rai

N.C. Kelkar
Swarajists and No Changers
Q. Why council entry programme fizzled out?

Anti National ho aap

N.C. Kelkar Madan Mohan Lala Lajpat Rai Motilal Nehru

Malaviya

Accused the Non-responsivists like Motilal Nehru of being anti-Hindu

In 1926 elections they failed as a party in disarray, and did not fare well
March 1922
Political Vaccum

December 1922, Gaya

Defeat of Swarajists proposal

September 1923
Compromise

November 1923
Swarajist Wins42 out of 141 elected seats
clear majority in the provincial assembly of Central Provinces
1924
Weakening of Swarajists Communal Riots

1925
Death of Founder CR Das
Split Responsivits, Non Responsivits

1926, Elections
Fails in elections
Not much Contribution later on except,
1929
Defeat of Public Safety Bill
Swarajists and No Changers
Q. No Changers-Assesment?
Ashrams sprang up where young, men and women worked, among
tribals and lower castes
National schools and colleges were set up
Significant work was done for Hindu-Muslim unity
Removing untouchability, boycott of foreign cloth and liquor, and for
flood relief
National education benefited the urban lower middle classes and the
rich peasants only
Popularisation of khadi was an uphill task
No emphasis was laid on the economic grievances of the landless and
agricultural labourers comprising mostly the untouchables