Modern Indian History

British Conquest
of India

Freedom Struggle
Indian National
Movement
Indian Response to British Rule
Javab dena Padega......!
 Indian Response

Traditional Modern
Traditional Response Dhoka ho
gaya...Kuch
karna
Nature padega

Civilian Revolt Leadership

Area
Peasant Revolt
Chronology

Tribal Revolt Social Base Hamri zameen

cheen li....!!!!
British
Attitude
Traditional Response
Ab aar paar ki
ladai hogi...

1857 Revolt
Indian Response Modern

Modern Response

Socio-Religious Economic Critique Political Aspect

Reform Movements
Indian Response Modern
Modern Response Political Aspect

Regional Politics- Politics Indian National Movement

of Regional Association (1885-1947)
Kuch Karna
Padega
Indian Response Modern
Indian National Movement (1885-1947) Andolan
Humko Shuru
thode ho
rights
I amkeh
Hum Back...
kehai ;)
lenge
de chuka
do mai baap
1.Indian National Congress

1.1.Pre Gandhian Phase

1.1.1Moderates

1.1.2Extremists

1.2.Age of Gandhi
Indian Response Modern
Indian National Movement (1885-1947)

Revolutionary terrorists

Left within congress

Communists

Growth of separatism
Communalism

Constitutional Reforms
Traditional Response Civilian &
Tribal Revolts before 1857
Why Traditional?
1. Nature Not modern
Traditional Not inspired by modern ideas like equality, civil rights
Based on traditional values & notions Reactionary
Orthodox

2.Area Local/Regional, Not National

Not inspired by an all India vision
Nationalism in its modern sense was absent
Restorative in nature Bring back the old order of things
3.Voilent Reactionary
They were marred by Violence
They were spontaneous
Why Traditional?
4. They were not planned
General trend,
Redressal of local grievances
Revolt directed against immediate authority Shahukar, Mahajan,
British Authority
Civil & Tribal Revolts
Locations
Bengal & Eastern India

Western India

South India

North India
Bengal & Eastern India
1.The Sanyasi Revolt
Economic hardships symbolised by the massive famine of 1770
The restrictions imposed on visits to holy places estranged the sanyasis

2. Chuar Uprisng Midnapore district

between 1766 to 1772 1795 and 1816

Famine, enhanced land revenue demands and economic distress

Bengal & Eastern India
3.Ho Rising
Ho and Munda tribesmen of Chhotanagpur
in 1820-22 in 1831 area remained disturbed till 1837

4.Kol Mutiny (1831) Chhotanagpur

Largescale transfers of land from Kol headmen (Mundas) to outsiders

like Sikh and Muslim farmers
Bengal & Eastern India
5.Kandh Uprising (1837-56)
Ghumsar, Chinaki-Medi, Kalahandi and Patna
Retaliated under Chakra Bisoi(leader) against the British efforts to put
an end to the Kandh's practice of human sacrifice

6.Santhal Rising Rajmahal Hills LeadersSido and Kanhu

resented the oppression by revenue officials, police, money-lenders,

landlords—in general, by the "outsiders' (whom they called diku)
declared the end of the Company's rule and asserted themselves
independent in 1854
Bengal & Eastern India
7. Ahom Revolt LeaderGomdhar Konwar
British had pledged to withdraw after the First Burma War (1824-26)
from Assam
instead of withdrawing, the British attempted to incorporate the Ahoms'
territories in the Company's dominion

8. Khasi Uprising
East India Company wanted to build a road linking the Brahmaputra
Valley with Sylhet
a large number of outsiders including Englishmen, Bengalis and the
labourers from the plains were brought to these regions
Therefore, revolt
Bengal & Eastern India
9.Pagal Panthis Karam Shah Tipu
a semireligious sect having influence in the northern districts of Bengal
Tipu Shah captured Sherpur in 1825 and assumed royal power
Therefore, Revolt

10. Faraizi Revolt Haji Shariat Allan Dadu Mian

followers of a Muslim sect founded by Haji Shariat-Allah of Faridpur in
Eastern Bengal
Dadu Mian (1819-60) organised his followers with an aim to expel the
English intruders from Bengal
Bengal & Eastern India
10.Munda Revolt Chhotanagpur
Struggling against the destruction of their system of common
land-holdings by the intrusion of jagirdars, thikadars (revenue farmers)
and traders moneylenders

Birsa Munda religious movement or rebellion ("ulgulan") with an

agrarian and political content

Now, Western India

Western India
1. Bhil Uprisings Khandesh Region LeaderSewaram
1825, 1836 and 1846 1817-19
revolted against the East India Company, fearing agrarian hardships

2.Cutch Rebellion (1816-32)

British interfered in the internal feuds
defeated and deposed the Cutch ruler Rao Bharamal in favour of his
infant
British resident governed the areas as the de facto ruler
In 1826, British retreat from Burma, so Cutch rebellion to restore
Bharmal
Western India
3.Waghera Rising Okha Mandal
1817-19 1825, 1836 and 1846
resentment against the alien rule

4. Koli Risings
1829, 1839 and again during 1844-48
living in the neighbourhood of Bhils
resented the imposition of Company's rule which brought
with it large-scale unemployment
Western India
5.Ramosi Risings 1822 hill tribes of the Western Ghats
LeaderChittur Singh
not reconciled to British rule and the British pattern of administration

6. Surat Salt Agitations

the issue of the Government's step to raise the 'hill duty from 50 paise
to one rupee
Western india
7. Kolhapur and Savantvadi Revolts Gadkaris
hereditary military class which was garrisoned in the Maratha forts
disbanded during administrative reorganisation
unemployment, the Gadkaris rose in revolt

Now, South India

South India
1. Revolt of Raja of Vizianagaram
East India Company invited the wrath of the people of Northern Sarkar
when, after the acquisition of these territories in 1765
asked the Raja to disband his troops
demanded a tribute of three lakh rupees
The Raja supported by his subjects rose up in revolt

2.Poligars' Revolt Dindigal and Malabar Region

rose up against the oppressive land revenue system

South India
3. Diwan Velu Tampi's Revolt Was made subsidiary alliance
harsh conditions imposed on the state of Travancore
high-handed attitude of the. Company compelled the Diwan to revolt

4. Rampa Revolt hill tribesmen of Rampa in coastal Andhra

Revolted against the government-supported mansabdar and the new
restrictive forest regulations

Now, North India

North India
1. Wahabi Movement LeaderSyed Ahmed of Rai Bareilly
essentially an Islamic revivalist movement
Inspired by the teachings of Abdul Wahab (1703-87) of Saudi Arabia and
Shah Waliullah of Delhi

condemned the western influence on Islam and advocated a return to

pure Islam
a jihad was declared against the Sikh kingdom of the Punjab
in 1849, the English dominion in India became the sole target of the
Wahabis' attacks
North India
2. Kuka Revolt western Punjab
Bhagat Jawahar Mal (also called Sian Saheb)
the movement transformed from a religious purification campaign to a
political one
basic tenets were abolition of caste and similar discriminations among
Sikhs, discouraging the eating of meat and taking of alcohol and drugs,
and encouraging women to step out of seclusion