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7.HFS5P1 P3 Colonization Gov Generals
7.HFS5P1 P3 Colonization Gov Generals
Economic Policy
Stages of Colonialism
Background
Stages of Colonialism
Colonialism 3 Stages/Phases
Industrial Revolution
Demand of Raw Material &
Industrial Revolution
Birth of Industrial
Capitalism
Phase II Industrial Phase (1813-1860)
Change in approach becomes visible
Railway
Providing loan/debt to government
Tea Plantation, Jute Mill
Coal Mining
Shipping
Company had sent Captain Hawkins to the court of the Mughal Emperor,
Jahangir in 1608
1613,Sir Thomas Roe obtained more trading rights and privileges for the
East India Company
Robert Clive was the first Governor of Fort William under the Company’s
rule
English
1600, Queen Elizabeth Charter to East India Company
Rights to Carry on Trade with all Countries on the eastern side of Cape
of Good Hope
Background
Governors-General Of Bengal (Regulating Act of 1773)
Nawab
Deputy Nawabs
Warren Hastings Reforms
2.Revenue Reforms
A Board of Revenue was established at Calcutta to supervise the
collection of revenue
Q. What work did board of revenue did?
Board of Revenue farmed out the lands by auction for a period of five
years instead of one year in order to find out their real value
Zamindars were given priority in the auction
Each district was provided with a civil court under the Collector and a
criminal court
Warren Hastings Reforms
3.Reorganisation of the Judicial System
To hear appeals from the district courts two appellate courts, one for
civil cases and another for criminal cases, were established at Calcutta
Collector
Village Headmen
5. Police Reforms
6. Other Reforms
7. Evaluation of Cornwallis
Lord Cornwallis Reforms
1.Tipu Sultan and the Third Mysore War (1790-92)
Treaty of Srirangapattinam 1792
Tipu had been defeated but not destroyed
2.Administrative Reforms
Greatest work purification of the civil service by the employment of
capable and honest public servants
Found that the servants of the company were underpaid
They received very high commissions on revenues
They conducted forbidden and profitable private trade in the names of
relatives and friends
Lord Cornwallis Reforms
2.Administrative Reforms
He persuaded the Directors of the Company to pay handsome salaries
to the Company servants
Cornwallis inaugurated the policy of making appointments mainly on
the basis of merit
laying the foundation of the Indian Civil Service
4. Judicial Reforms
Secured the services of Sir William Jones, who was a judge and a great
scholar
Hindu and Muslim laws were followed according to the religion of the
litigants
7.Evaluation of Cornwallis
He perceived the danger of Tipu’s growing power and curtailed it by
boldly discarding the policy of non-intervention
As an administrator, he consolidated the Company’s position in India
and started the tradition of efficient and pure administration
Question UPSC Pre 2011
The tendency for increased litigation was visible after the introduction
of the land settlement system of Lord Cornwallis in 1793. The reason for
this is normally traced to which of the following provisions?
a. Making zamindar’s Position stronger vis-a-vis the ryot
b. Making East India Co. an overlord of Zamidars
c. Making Judicial settlement more efficient
d. None of the a, b and c above
Answer: B
Question UPSC Pre 2009
By a regulation in 1793, the District Collector was deprived of his judicial powers
and made the collecting agent only. What was the reason behind such regulation?
a. Lord Cornwallis felt that the district collector’s efficiency of revenue collection
would enormously increase without the burden of other work
b. Lord Cornwallis felt that Judicial power should compulsorily be in the hands of
Europeans, while Indians, can be given the job of revenue collection in the districts
c. Lord Cornwallis was alarmed at the extent of power concentrated in the District
Collector and felt that such absolute power was undesirable in one person
d. The judicial work demanded a deep knowledge of India and a good training in
law and Lord Cornwallis felt that District collector should be only a revenue
collector
Answer: C
In between
Sir John Shore (1793-98) succeeded Cornwallis as Governor General
“He turned the East India Company from a trading corporation into an
imperial power”.
Inbetween
Marquess Cornwallis (Second time Govenor General) 1805
Died within 6 months of assuming charge. So new GG
4.Reforms of Hastings
5. Evaluation
Lord Hastings (1813-1823)
1. War against the Gurkhas (1814-16)
March 1816, the Treaty of Sagauli was concluded
Gurkhas gave up their claim over the Tarai region and ceded the
areas of Kumaon and Garhwal to the British
4. Reforms
Approved the Ryotwari system of land revenue introduced in the
Madras Presidency by Sir Thomas Munroe
Police system of Bengal was extended to other regions
4. Administrative Reforms
5.Social Reforms
3. Financial Reforms
In 1828, the financial position of the Company was poor
Bentinck reduced the salaries and allowances of all officers and
additional staff were removed
In the military department, he abolished the system of double bhatta.
(Bhatta was an allowance to troops on active service.)
At the time of his departure, he left the treasury with a surplus of rs.1.5
millions
Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835)
4. Administrative Reforms
In the judicial department he abolished the provincial courts of appeal
established by Cornwallis
The introduction of local languages in the lower courts and English in
the higher courts in the place of Persian
Abolition of Sati
greatly distressed when he received a report of 800 cases of sati in a
single year and that from Bengal
He became a crusader against it and promulgated his Regulation XVII on
4 December 1829 prohibiting the practice of sati.
Practising sati was made liable for punishment by law courts
Regulation was extended to the Madras and Bombay Presidencies in
1830.
Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835)
5.Social Reforms
William Bentinck made his name immortal in the history of British India
Suppression of Thugs
most commendable measure
They were hereditary robbers.
‘strangling and robbing peaceful travellers’.
A campaign was systematically organised by Colonel
Sleeman from 1830 against the thugs
For his role in the suppression of thugs, Sir William
Sleeman was known as “Thugee Sleeman”.
Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835)
5.Social Reforms
William Bentinck made his name immortal in the history of British India
Introduction of English Education
Significant event of lord William Bentinck's administration
Answer: B
Question UPSC Pre 2005
Q. Consider the following statements
1. Warren Hastings was the first Governor General who established a
regular police force in India on the British Pattern
2. A Supreme Court was established at Calcutta by the Regulating
Act,1773
3. The Indian Penal Code came into effect in the year 1860