Q1:Choose the correct answer

1- The four elements that makeup over 95 percent of the body in most
organisms are oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and …………..
a- Carbon
b- Sulfur
c- Phosphorus
d- Non-of the above
2- Symbiosis occurs when two species live closely together in one of three ways:
mutualism, commensalism, or …………
a-competition
b-one benefit-one not affected.
c-parasitism.
d-all of the above

3- Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the
other is …………………
a-harmed
b-benefit
c- neither helped nor harmed.
d-dies

4- ………consists of all the physical and biological conditions in which a species lives and
the way the species obtains what it needs to survive and reproduce.
a- Niche
b- Commensalism
c- Symbiosis
d- Resources
5- A resource is any necessity of life, such as water, …………., light, food, or space.
a- community
b- safety
c- nutrients
d- entertainment
6- A……………… species helps to stabilize the populations of other species in the community.
a-predator
b-prey
c-herbivory
d-keystone

7- Competition occurs when organisms try to use the …………… resources

a- Same
b- Different
c- Same and limited
d- Same and available
8- ……….. occurs when one organism captures and eats another.
a-competition
b-predation
c-symbiosis
d-herbivory

9- During ………………plants take all the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and change it to oxygen after
performing the photosynthesis process.
a-water cycle
b-nitrogen cycle
c- carbon cycle
d-phosphorous cycle

10- All the following are consumers except …………..is a producer.

a-field of corn.
b-chicken raised on a farm.
c-farmer who raises corn.
d-earthworm in a cornfield.

11- the process in which autotrophs use sun energy to produce carbohydrates is called ………

a-photosynthesis
b-chemosynthesis
c-cellular respiration
d-non-of the above
12- Chemosynthesis is the process by which autotrophs use ……………… energy to produce carbohydrates.
a-sun
b-energy
c-chemicals
d-oxygen

13- Omnivores are organisms that eat …………..

a-other animals
b-only plants
c- both plants and animals.
d-non-of the above

14- All the following are producers except……………

a-corn field
b-grasses
c-trees
d-mushrooms

15-Vultures and hyenas are …………… that feed on the meat of dead animals.
a-herbivores
b-omnivores
c-carnivores
d-scavengers

16-…………… is made of more than one overlapped food chain.

a-food web
b-trophic levels
c-trophic level
d-ecological pyramid

use the following energy pyramid to solve the following questions.

17-The …………..amount of energy is available in the basic level (primary producer)
a-greatest
b-least
c-minor
d-both b and c

18-Each trophic level will receive just 10% of energy from the previous level, the rest amount of energy
which is …… lost as heat to the environment.
a-40%
b-50%
c-90%
d-100%

19- A pyramid of …………… shows the relative numbers of individual organisms at the trophic levels in an
ecosystem.
a-biomass pyramid
b-energy pyramid
c- numbers
d-all of the above

20- The ………. in coal, oil, and natural gas came from the remains of dead organisms.
a-oxygen
b-hydrogen
c-carbon
d-water

21- …………. break the body down into simpler compounds then return all the carbon back to the
environment.
a-Decomposers
b-Scavengers
c-Omnivores
d-Herbivores
22- All organisms require ……….to make amino acids, which in turn are used to build …………..
a-hydrogen – fats
b-nitrogen- proteins
c-nitrogen-carbohydrates
d-oxygen – fats

23- ………………… is the process in which certain bacteria convert nitrogen gas into ammonia.
a- Nitrogen fixation
b-decomposition
c-denitrification
d-oxygen fixation

24- …………..starts when sun energy evaporates the water and change it from liquid water to water
vapour(gas).
a-Carbon cycle
b-Phosphorous cycle
c-Nitrogen cycle
d-Water cycle

25- Plants absorb phosphorus from the ……. or ………

a-atmosphere or soil
b-soil or water
c-air or soil
d-non-of the above

26- In a process known as denitrification, some types of soil bacteria obtain energy by converting nitrates
into ………..gas
a-oxygen
b-hydrogen
c-nitrogen
d-carbon
27-The continuous movement of water from the earth's surface to the atmosphere and then back to the
ground is called …………..
a-Carbon cycle
b-Phosphorous cycle
c-Nitrogen cycle
d-Water cycle

28- The particular role (job) of an organism in its environment including types of food it eats, how it obtains
its food, and how it interacts with other organisms is called ……….
a-Niche
b-ecosystem
c-home
d-habitat

29- A pyramid of …………… illustrates the relative amount of living organic matter available at each trophic
level in an ecosystem.
a-energy
b-biomass
c-number
d-all of the above

30- Chemical and physical processes include the formation of clouds ………..and the flow of running water.
a-burning food
b-lightning
c-precipitation
d-both b & c

31. An example of a producer is a(n)

a-a field of corn.
b-chicken raised on a farm.
c-farmer who raises corn.
d-earthworm in a cornfield.

32- The process in which autotrophs use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates is called ………
a-photosynthesis c-cellular respiration
b-chemosynthesis d-non-of the above
33-………..are organisms that eat both plants and animals.
a-carnivores
b-herbivores
c-omnivores
d-scavengers

34-Muchrooms and fungi are …………., they decay the wastes and organic matters.

a-decomposers
b-scavengers
c-detritivores
d-carnivores

35- …………… is a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.

a-food web
b-food chain
c-trophic level
d-ecological pyramid

Use the following diagram to solve the following questions

36- What is the type of the shown ecological pyramid ……………….

a-energy pyramid
b-biomass pyramid
c-number pyramid
d-non-of the above

37-The greatest amount of energy is always in the ……………level

a-primary producer
b-first level consumer
c-second level consumer
d-third level consumer
38-Ehe least amount of energy in the ……………level

a-primary producer
b-first level consumer
c-second level consumer
d-third level consumer

39-Each trophic level will receive just ………. of the available energy from the previous level.

a-10%
b-20%
c-50%
d-90%

40- 90% of the energy is being lost in the environment as ………….

a-light
b-heat
c-water
d-sun

41-The carbon in coal, oil, and natural gas came from

a-the combustion of fossil fuels.
b-the remains of dead organisms.
c-carbon-fixing bacteria in swamp soil.
d-carbon dioxide dissolved in ocean water

42- How does most of the carbon in an organism’s body return to the environment after the organism
dies?
a-decomposers break the body down into simpler compounds.
b-heat from the sun causes the carbon in the body to evaporate.
c-geological processes cause the body to turn into a fossil fuel.
d-Rainwater dissolves the carbon in the body and carries it to the ocean.

43- All organisms require nitrogen to make amino acids, which in turn are used to build …………..
a-Carbohydrates
b-Fats
c-Proteins
d-energy
44- ……………………. is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere.
a-Phosphorus
b-Carbon
c-Nitrogen
d- Hydrogen

45- Nitrogen fixation is the process in which certain bacteria convert nitrogen gas into ………….
a-carbon
b-ammonia
c- hydrogen
d-oxygen

46- Plants absorb phosphorus from the………..or water.

a-atmosphere
b-soil
c-air
d-non-of the above

47- The chemical substance that an organism needs to survive is called ……………..
a-wastes
b-nutrient
c-ammonia
d-both a & c

48- In a process known as ………….. , some types of soil bacteria obtain energy by converting nitrates into
nitrogen gas.
a-oxidation
b-nitrogen fixation
c-decaying
d- denitrification
49- Water cycle starts when sun energy …………..the water, to change it from liquid to gas.
a-evaporates
b-condenses
c-precipitate
d-run off

50-What are the biological processes that release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?
a-nitrification and denitrification
b-respiration and decomposition
c-photosynthesis and chemosynthesis
d-evaporation and condensation

51- ………………… occurs when organisms try to use the same limited resources.
a-mutualism
b-parasitism
c-commensalism
d- competition

52- Predation occurs when one organism (……….) captures and eats another (……….)
a-prey-predator
b-predator-prey
c-predator-predator
d-prey-prey

53-A keystone species is one that

a-eats a mixture of plants and animals.
b-is introduced into a community after a major disturbance.
c-causes the amount of diversity in a community to decrease.
d-helps to stabilize the populations of other species in the community

54- A ………………. is any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, light, food, or space.
a-niche c-herbivory
b-resource d-predation
55- Cow eating grass is an example of ……….
a-herbivory.
b-habitat destruction.
c-predation.
d-a keystone species

56- ………… occurs when two species live closely together in one of three ways:
mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism.
a-symbiosis
b-predation
c-both a & b
d-non-of the above

57- Niche consists of all the …………………. conditions in which a species lives and
the way the species obtains what it needs to survive and reproduce.
a-physical and biological
b-physical and chemical
c- geological
d-both b & c

Choose the type of the relationships

58- ………. is a symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is
neither helped nor harmed
a-commensalism
b-parasitism
c-mutualism
d-herbivory

59- Tick living on the body of a Deer is ………………

a-commensalism
b-parasitism
c-mutualism
d-herbivory
60- Bee eating a flower’s nectar and picking up the flower’s pollen is ………………. (both benefit)
a-commensalism
b-parasitism
c-mutualism
d-herbivory