Combined Thickness Combined Thickness

Combined chilling effect of joint type and The chilling effect of the joint
thickness.

t3
Heat flow

t1 t2 t1 t2

t = t1+t2 t = t1+t2+t3
Heat flow

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Combined Thickness The Chill Effect of the Material

The chilling effect of the joint

Two dimensional heat flow

Three dimensional heat flow

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Pre-Heat Application Pre-Heat Application

Furnace:
 Heating entire component - best.
Electrical elements:
 Controllable; portable; site use; clean; component cannot be
moved.
Gas burners:
 Direct flame impingement; possible local overheating; less
controllable, portable, manual operation possible, component
can be moved.
Radiant gas heaters:
 Capable of automatic control, no flame impingement, no
contact with component, portable. Electrical heated Manual gas
Induction heating: elements operation
 Controllable, rapid heating (mins not hours), large power
supply, expensive equipment.

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