Heating Temperature Control Hydrogen Cold Cracking Avoidance

 Tempilsticks - crayons, melt at set temps. Will Slow cooling rate

not measure max temp.  Apply or increase preheat - BS EN 1011 Part 2
 Pyrometers - contact or remote, measure actual Gives recommendations on suitable preheat
temp. levels.
 Thermocouples - contact or attached, very  Recommendations in specifications eg
accurate, measure actual temp. BS 2633, ASME VIII, ASME B31.3.
 Increase process heat input complying with
toughness requirements.

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Hydrogen Cold Cracking Avoidance Heat Input

 Maintain calculated preheats, and never allow the High heat input - slow cooling.
inter-pass temperature to go below the pre-heat  Low toughness (grain growth).
value.
 Reduction in yield strength.
 Use Low Hydrogen processes with short arcs and
ensure consumables are correctly baked and
stored as required. Low heat input - fast cooling.
 If using a cellulosic E 6010 for the root run, hot  Increased hardness.
pass as soon as possible. (Before HAZ < 300°C).  Hydrogen entrapment.
 Remove any paint, oil or moisture from the plate  Lack of fusion.
or pipe.
 Carry out any specified PWHT as soon as possible.
 Avoid any restraint, and use high ductility weld
metal.

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Cracks Solidification Cracking

Solidification Cracking

Usually Occurs in Weld Centerline

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17-10