NON COOOPERATION MOVEMENT:

The leaders of khilafat movement devised a new strategy to put pressure on govt and reinvigorate the
zeal and zest for freedom among the general populace.

Sept 06 1920, at end of meeting by the jamiat-ul-ulam-Hind issue fatwa of Tark-e-MaWALAAT.

The fatwa comprised the conjunctions regarding abandon all institutions where the govt funding or govt
role is there, like in govt jobs, schools, college and universities, courts honorary offices, govt. titles
renouncing.

Hindus took opportunity of this situation and filled all post which were abandoned by muslims so they
have to do petty pvt jobs. Mao college Aligarh didn’t pay heed to fatwa and disagreed with Mulana
Muhammad Ali. Same was case with hindu university at benaras where madan mohan malavia refused
to cooperate with Gandhi.

HINDU MUSLIM UNITY:

Muslims did what they could to please the bigoted hindus, some examples are as under:

Recognized vedas as revealed book, painted their forehead with tilak, Gandhi would have been prophet
if prophethood would not have been stopped, and on the top of it allowing shardhanand ( the one who
founded Shuddhi movement) to deliver speech from pulpit in jamia masjid delhi. But finally they
couldn’t bring any change in the mentality of hindu.

On other side hindus remained adamantly intractable, look at Gandhi statement.

From the point of view of hindu religion protection of the cow is extremely necessary. Only non
cooperation movement can help in gaining swaraj i.e independence and through swaraj only they can
protect the cow.

HIJRAT MOVEMENT:

The fatwa was issued by abul kalam azad and moulana abdul bari firangi mahali which declared
migration from india desirable for the muslims after the world war I. it was called dar ul harb. Hijra to
dar ula man was declared. Hindus looted and purchased their lands and animals at throw away prices.
At first the Kabul govt. welcomed the refugee but later seeing greater influx of immigrants and limited
resources available to them, they closed the frontiers. Although hijrat movement wasn’t supported by
eminent scholars of that time like thanvi, moulana habib ur Rehman etc. it happened in July 1920 .

Hijrat movement was a symbol of anti-British imperialism.

KARACHI TRIAL:

In 1921 a resolution was passed in the Khilafat Conference meeting in karachi, condemning police and
army services as unlawful and enjoined upon the Indian muslims to leave the two departments. Govt.
arrested moulana Muhammad ali and 6 others on treson charges/

The court proceedings started on 29 dec 1926 in Khaliq din hall, karachi. M m ali said it was the decision
of Quran that a muslim cant kill another muslim without any charges how a muslim can go to arab lands
under british army and kill muslims there. It is sacrilegious for a muslim to do so. Shankar acharya was
released but the other 5 were sentenced to 2 years rigorous imprisonment.
MOPLAH REVOLT:

It was revolt against govt in Malabar district in madras against the govt and hindu feudal lords when
govt tried to curb the activities of khilafat committee in Malabar. Arresting moppillas leaders and other
madras leaders incited the revolt. Heavy loss of property and lives was done to curb the situation by
govt.aug 20 1921 riots broke out.

END OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT:

The end to khilafat movement was brought about indirectly by gandhis announcement to discontinue
the non cooperation movement.

He used incident of arson on feb 1922 where violent mob set on fire a police station at chora churi in
dist. Gorakhpur burning 21 constables to death as excuse to call off the non cooperation movement.
Also announcement of democrat govt by Mustafa kamal ataturk in 1924 finally ended khilafat
committee.

Effects:

Since khilafat was an anti-british symbol, on this basis a hindu muslim alliance was built.

It created in Indian muslims a strong political consciousness .

It imparted training to muslims for agitational politics.

Destroyed the myth of muslim loyalty.

It imparted training, lessons, political consciousness and courage of conviction to Indian muslims

The zest and fervour with which the muslims of india rallied to the clarion call of the jinah was inevitable
result of khilafat movement.

Tradition of student politics was began with khilafat movement. For first time muslims realized the
necessity of national education free from biritish influence.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi got fame upon his return from south africa.

DELHI MUSLIM PROPOSAL:

Since after the 1924 series of hindu muslim riots engulfed the entire subcontinent. Jinnah tried for one
last time to bring hindu and muslims closer. Fr this purpose in annual meeting of aiml he proposed a
plan by which aiml will surrender their claim to separate electorate in return for few demands major of
which are

Sindh should be separated from Bombay presidency and made sperate province

Setting up of legislative councils like other provinces in nwfp and balochistan.

Rep of leg assemblies of pu and Bengal in acc with population.

1/3rd seats in central legislature should be reserve for muslims.

This offer must be accepted or rejected in entirety. Separate electorate was not an end in itself but a
mean to end, the real issue was how to give a real sense of confidence and security to minorities.

Congress at first accepted it but later due to pressure from hindu press and extremist movement , 06
month later they changed their decision.

Aiml was divided into shafi league and jinah league as sir m shafi started opposing this proposal even
though he was present in delhi meeting.

Although these proposals created dissension among the Muslims yet, they demonstrated the Quaid’s
earnest desire to create unity between the Hindus and the Muslims even in those difficult and hostile
circumstances.