B.
Men
Numerous male health risks can be
traced back to behavior: In general,
men engage in behaviors that lead to
higher rate of injury and disease. They
also tend to eat less healthful diets.
However, anatomy, hormones and
genes also play roles in men’s
increased risk for these disease
Cardiovascular Disease
Among men age 65 and over, more
than 39% have heart disease,
compared to about 27 % of women in
the same group. While women’s
bodies tend to be pear-shaped, men’s
bodies are generally apple-shaped.
When women gain weight, it often
lands on the hips and thighs. Men
almost always put weight on around
the middle and we know this type of
body fat, known as visceral, is a heart
disease risk factor that many women
simply don’t share.
Parkinson’s Disease.
This disabling neurological disease
affects about 50 % more men than
women
Diabetes
Men who have type 2 diabetes are
twice as likely to have low
testosterone (low-T) than men who
do not have diabetes. Low
testosterone can cause decreased sex
drive, depression, lack of energy,
and reduced muscle mass. It can also
cause male-specific sexual problems
and urological problems.
Erectile dysfunction- inability to get or
maintain an erection, is a common symptom
of diabetes in men
Prostate Cancer
Some genes control when our cells
grow, divide into new cells, and die
Certain genes that help cells grow, divide, and
stay alive are called oncogenes.
Genes that normally keep cell growth under
control, repair mistakes in DNA, or cause
cells to die at the right time are called tumor
suppressor genes.
MENTAL HEALTH
 the level of psychological well-being or
an absence of mental illness
 the state of someone who is
“functional at a satisfactory level of
emotional and behavioral adjustment
 which an individual realizes his or her
own abilities, can cope with the
normal stresses of life, can work
productively and is able to make a
contribution to his or her community
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
 confront not only women but also men
 because of the reproductive role of the
women, they are more vulnerable to
any reproductive health issue
The Reproductive Health Law
law includes your rights that
protects your sexual and reproductive health.
This guarantees universal access to methods of
contraception, fertility control, sexual education,
and maternal care.
he RH Law has twelve (12) elements:
1. Family planning information and services
2. Maternal, infant and child health and
nutrition, including breast feeding
3. Prevention of abortion and management
of post-abortion complications
4. Adolescent and youth reproductive health
guidance and counseling
5. Prevention and management of
reproductive tract infections (RTIs),
HIV/AIDS and sexually transmittable
infections(STIs)
6. Elimination of violence against women
and children and other forms of sexual
and gender-based violence
7. Education and counselling on sexuality
and reproductive health
8. Treatment of breast and reproductive
tract cancers and other gynecologic
conditions and disorders
9. Male responsibility and involvement and
men’s RH
10. Prevention, treatment and management
of infertility and sexual dysfunction
11. RH education for the adolescents
12. Mental health aspect of reproductive
health care
Given the facts and importance of the RH
Law, there are still a lot of misconceptions and
confusion specially in understanding sexual and
reproductive health and many of those are
actually baseless and no scientific explanation.
Here are some of the examples.
1. Myth: Contraceptives are
abortifacients, and the RH Law
promotes abortion.
 Facts: Contraceptives such as pills,
condoms and intrauterine devices
pregnancy and they actually work
before pregnancy begins and do
not cause abortion.
2. Myth: Contraceptives are
cancerous and hazardous to a
woman’s health
Fact: Contraceptives are not
cancerous
3. Myth: Reproductive health issues
are only for women.
Fact: Men are equally affected by
reproductive health issues such as
conception, infertility, family
planning, and sexually transmitted
diseases (STDs).
4. Myth: The RH Law promotes
sexual promiscuity.
Fact: A lot of people insist that
learning about sex will promote
sexual promiscuity, but many
studies from the west show that
children who had comprehensive
sex education are more likely to
delay sex than their peers who had
none.
5. Myth: You can’t get pregnant the
first time you have sex or while on
your period.
Fact: It may seem like odds are in
your favor, but there’s no reason to
risk it. As long as you are fertile
and ovulating, you are just as likely
to get pregnant the first time you
have sex as any other time you do
the deed
6. Myth: Birth control pills will make
you fat.
Fact: No clinical trial or
comprehensive study has been
able to prove a correlation
between oral contraceptives and
weight gain.
7. Myth: You will not get pregnant if
you exercise, jump up and down,
or douche your vaginal area after
the act.
Fact: Sperm moves quickly. Even if
you run a marathon after sex, it
will not make the sperm fall out of
your vagina and keep you from
getting pregnant.
8. Myth: Only gay men get HIV
Fact: HIV, can pass between people
of all genders and sexualities.
9. Myth: You can’t get Sexually
Transmitted Infections if you don’t
have penetrative sex.
Fact: STIs can spread from skin-to-
skin contact and in bodily fluids.
This means you can catch STIs
from having any type of sex,
10. Myth: Pulling out is an effective
birth control method when done
properly.
Fact: Even when done with
perfect timing, it has a
higher failure rate
compared to other forms of birth
control. WOMEN CAN STILL
GET PREGNANT from a man’s
PRE- CUM or pre-ejaculatory
fluid, while men who cannot
control their orgasm can have
premature ejaculation.
Pulling out also does not
protect against STDs.
GENDER-FAIR LANGUAGE
A. The importance of language
Language plays a central role in human
cognition and behavior. It is one of the most
common mechanism by which gender is
constructed and reinforced .
1. Language is vehicle for the
transmission of culture.
- Through language culture is transmitted
from one individual to another and from one
generation to generation through a process
called enculturation.
2.Language is our major mode of
communication upon which information is
transferred.
3. Language give us our identity
- The relationship between language and
society as studied by sociolinguists focus
on the social context of language.
4. Language pave way for continuity
of traditional culture.
- It facilitates understanding of various
cultures of the world. When a language dies
out, future generations lose a vital part of
the culture that is necessary to completely
understand it.
5. Language create gaps and caused
discrimination.
6. Language is not confined solely on
verbal language
B. Role of language in the transmission and
preservation of (traditional//Tribal) culture.
It is said that the lost of the complete unique
culture always ac-companies the lost of the
language. This becomes a reality and is
evidently true to the many IP communities
here and there. Other researches revealed the
importance of language in the identity of
people. Language is what they considered as
an important vehicle where their uniqueness as
people and the treasures/wealth of their kind
can be preserved. The elders hold knowledge
sacred. This knowledge can only be obtained
through their language. The loss of language
means the loss of culture and identity. In many
societies throughout history, the suppression of
the languages of minority groups has been
used as a deliberate policy in order to suppress
those minority cultures. As a result a large
number of the world’s languages have been
lost with the processes of colonization and
migration.
C. Gender-fair language (GFL)
Gender Fair Language
- otherwise known as gender- inclusive
language
- language that avoids bias towards a
particular sex or social gender
- Generally applies to nouns, pronouns,
role pronouns and possessive nouns.
1. Aim of Gender Fair Language
The use of GFL aims at reducing gender
stereotyping and discrimination.
Neutralization is achieved, for example, by
replacing male-masculine forms (policeman)
with gender-unmarked forms (police officer).
Feminization relies on the use of feminine
forms to make female referents visible (i.e., the
applicant… he or she instead of the
applicant… he).
2. HOW GENDER FAIR LANGUAGE
CONTRIBUTES TO THE REDUCTION OF
GENDER STEREOTYPING AND
DISCRIMINATION.
The way gender is encoded in a language may
be associated with societal gender equality
(Stahlberg et al., 2007). Countries with
grammatical gender languages, according to
the study, were found to reach lower levels of
social gender equality than countries with
natural gender languages or genderless
languages. This simply suggests that a higher
visibility of gender asymmetries is
accompanied by societal gender inequalities.
3. LANGUAGE POLICIES AS A
RESULT OF GFL
Many countries have pledged themselves to an
equal treatment of women and men. The
implementation, however, of GFL has reached
different stages in different countries and
speech communities as follows:
 The member states of the European
Union and associated states in the
Treaty of Lisbon- European
Commission, 2007 recommended the
wide use of GFL.
 UNESCO, 1999
 National Council of Teachers of English,
2002
 European Commission, 2008
 American Psychological Association,
2009
4. INDIVIDUAL FAIR LANGUAGE
BEHAVIOR IN THE USE GFL
Women hold more favorable attitude toward
GFL. Hence, the better and wider use of GFL
in the language of women. Research studies,
on the other hand show mix results as some
reveals that men neglected the use of GFL
while more women were using it.
Language use has been viewed as associated
with speakers’ sexist attitudes, so much so that
the use of sexist language has been regarded
as an example of subtle sexism (Swim et al.,
2004).
5.OVERCOMING GENDER
STEREOTYPING AND DISCRIMINATION
WITH GENDER-FAIR LANGUAGE?
Studies showed that consistent use of GFL
like in the story telling and use in the messages
or text utterances increase the probability of
GFL. Language policies have been successful
in incorporating role nouns with men and
women in putting gender stereotyped jobs in
their mental representations.
6. OBSTACLES THAT PREVENT GFL
FROM BECOMING A LINGUISTIC NORM OR
STANDARD AND PREVENT THE CHANGE
TOWARD AN EQUAL TREATMENT OF
WOMEN AND MEN.
First, the male bias of linguistic asymmetries in
mental representations is backed by a higher
prevalence of men in certain social roles that
are highly uphold (e.g., heroes, politicians).
Second, the use of gender-unfair language in Sexism In Language- is used of language
masculine generics. Become disadvantageous which devalues members of one sex, almost
to women as feminine form jobshave negative invariably women. It discriminate against women
consequencies. So to protect themselves, by rendering them invisible or trivializing them
at the same time that it perpetuates notion od
women avoids association with such jobs to
male supremacy.
avaoid labels of being incompetence and of
lower status. Kinds Of Sexist Language
Third, arguments against GFL have routinely
Language that excludes women or
included the presumed difficulty of
renders them invisible. The use of the generic
understanding GFL texts (Parks and Roberton, masculine is the classic example of this.
1998). In all, there is a lack of transfer of *Subsuming all humanity in terms man, father,
scientific knowledge which prevents the brother and master. This can be corrected by
understanding of linguistic asymmetries as part using Gender Fair Language (GFL). The following
of a broader gender imbalance and hinders are examples of these terms and their respective
social change. Education and policy-making alternative for us to practice better fairness of
therefore need to increase the efforts of treating women and men using GFL.
circulating new scientific insights about GFL to
Sexist Gender-fair
break the vicious circle of ill-informed
Man human being, human,
controversies and discussions about GFL. Person, individual
7.How do men view GFL? Mankind, men, human beings, humans,
people, humankind, humanity,
At the on set, it seems that only women can human race, human
benefit from GFL. For men, GFL means an species, society, men,
unwelcome loss of their privileged position in women
language. Only in few situations have they Working men, workers, wage earners
something to gain through GFL. Man on the street average person,
ordinary person, the
8. Using gender-fair or neutral common tao
language in writing Fore father ancestor
Layman layperson, non-
The English language usage standards used to specialist,
tell us to use "man," "he," etc., when speaking nonprofessional
about any unspecified individual.Here are Manhood adulthood, maturity
some of the identified solutions when neutral Manning staffing, working,
expressions rather than gender-specific running
phrases in occupations such as : To a man everyone, unanimously,
without exception
a. "police officer" instead of One man show one person show, solo
"policeman" exhibitions
b. "chair," "head," or presiding Founding fathers founders
officer" instead of "chairman" Man power human resources, staff,
c. ""executive" instead of personnel, labor force
"businessman" Brotherhood of a the family of humanity,
d. "humanity" or "humankind" man the unity of the people
instead of "mankind" or
e. "manufactured," "machine of human kind, human
made" instead of "man-made" solidarity
early man early people, early men
D. Sexism In Language
and women, early
human beings
statesmanship Diplomacy
Sexist Gender-fair man-made manufacture, synthetic,
Anchorman anchor, anchor person artificial
Business business executive, manager, old masters classic art/artists
man business owner, retailer masterful domineering, very
camera camera operators, skillful
man cinematographers, Terms ending in man refer to functions
photographer that may be performed by individuals of either
Chairman chairperson, chair sex.
 person’s sex suggest triviality, unimportance, or
There is a tendency to use “chairperson” inferiority of women occupying such a position.
to apply only to women while “ chairman” is used
for men , even though “chairperson” is applicable
to both sexes. ”Chairperson” is preferable for Current Usage: Alternative Current Usage:
their sex. language to be used Alternative
Sexist Gender-fair language to be
Congressman representative, member used
of congress, congress Actress: actor Hostesses: hosts
member, legislator Authoress: Author Poetess: poet
craftsmen artisan, craft artist, crafts Aviatrix: aviator Proprietress:
persons proprietor
firemen fire fighters Comedienne: comedian Suffragette:
fishermen fishers, fisherfolk suffragist
foremen supervisors Executrixes: Executors Usherette: usher
linemen line installer, line repairer Heroines: Heroes
lumbermen lumber cutters
pressmen press operator Use of sex-linked modifiers sounds
Policeman police officer, law gratuitous, is patronizing and suggests that
enforcement officer the norm of some occupations is for a
Repairmen repairers particular sex
salesmen sales person, sales
representative, sales Language that fosters unequal gender
agent relations lack of parallelism
spokesman spokesperson,
representative Current: Alternative
sportsmen sport enthusiasts Man and wife: husband and wife
statesmen diplomats, political leader Men and girls: men and women; boys and
watchmen guards girls
weathermen weather reporter, Men and ladies: men and women; ladies and
weather caster, gentlemen
meteorologist President Bush and President Bush and
Mrs. arroyo : President Macapagal-
Terms used as though they apply to adult Arroyo
males only, or are appropriated to a particular Martina and Connor: Navratilova and
sex Connors, or Martina and Jimmy
Current usage: alternative Connors and Miss Navratilova: Mr. Connors
Lady doctor,”doctora”: doctor and Miss Navratilova
Woman writer: writer
Currentlawyer:
Female Usage…lawyer Alternative The use of terms that call attention to a
Lawyers/doctors
Girl athlete: athlete Lawyers/doctors person’s sex in designating occupations,
Farmers
Male nurse:and
nursetheir Farmers and their positions, roles, etc..
wivessecretary: secretaryspouses
Male
The
Heroicteacher
women:and her teacher and his or her
heroes Current Usage: Alternatives
students mothers: wage earning
Working students;
mothers Delivery boys: deliverers, delivery man
: mothers workingand
teacher their
outside the Motherhood, fatherhood: parenthood
home students Political husbands: political spouse, political
the secretary
employed and mothers
mother: secretary
workinghisoutside
or her
the wives
the boss
home boss, secretaries and Headmasters, headmistresses: principals
their bosses
working wives: wives working outside the home Cowboys, cowgirls: ranch hands
Traffic in women: sex tourism
Girl watching: street harassment
Bellman, bellboy: bellhop
The generic masculine reflects gender Clergy man: member of the clergy, minister,
inequality in that women are never seen in terms rabbi,
of general or representative humanity. Men priest, pastor, etc.
represent the universal or the human to which Mailman, postman: mail carrier, letter carrier
women are the other. Father(religious): priests
Laundry women, washer women: launderers
Language that trivializes women or Chorus girl: chorus dancers
diminishes their stature Longshoremen: longshore worker, stevedores
Cleaning women, cleaning lady: cleaners
Feminine suffixes such as -ess, -ette, -trix, Stewardess, steward: flight/cabin attendant
or -enne, make unnecessary reference to the Corporate husbands: corporate spouse;
Corporate wives
Domestic, maids: household worker
Servants: household help
INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL
CELEBRATIONS: LOOKING BACK AND
CELEBRATING VICTORIES
International Women’s Day
 collective day of global celebration of
social, economic, cultural and political
achievements of women and a call for
gender parity.
 March 8 every year
 IWD logo is in purple and white and
 symbol of Venus, which is also the
symbol of being female.
Colors that signify IWD
 purple symbolize women
 the combination of purple, green and
white to symbolize women's equality
originated from the Women's Social
and Political Union in the UK in 1908.
 Purple- for justice and dignity
 Green- hope
 White- purity, but it is no longer used
JUSTICE- means being afforded the same
equal rights and opportunities as men and it is
based on respect and equality amongst people.
DIGNITY- refers to the idea that all people
have the right to be valued, respected and
receive ethical treatment.
HOPE- feeling of expectation and desire for a
certain thing to happen.
EQUALITY- ensuring all people have equal
opportunities to make the most of their lives
and talents, and that no one has poorer life
chances due to their background or status.
COLLABORATION- Strength in numbers and
voice are critical in driving change.
TENACITY- key principle with tireless effort in
fighting for change. "Deeds not words".
RESPECT- Equality can only be achieved if
the diversity, differences and qualities of
women are truly valued.
APPRECIATION- Through celebration of
women success and contribution, populations
become appreciative of the role women and
increased awareness
EMPATHY- Seeking to understand others,
caring for and valuing diversity, and
appreciating difference are key to forging deep
relationships to affect change.
FORGIVENESS- focusing attention and effort
on the way forward
Timeline History: International Women’s
Day
According to United Nations,
 1908: Garment workers protested
against inhumane working conditions.
 1909: IWD started in America when the
Socialist Party protest on streets. They
called it National Women’s Day, and it
took place on February 28.
 1910: Social International established
Women’s Day in Copenhagen to celebrate
those working for women’s rights and
universal suffrage.
 1911: Austria, Denmark, Germany, and
Switzerland celebrated the first official
International Women’s Day on March 19.
More people attended rallies focused on
suffrage, representation, education, and
workers’ rights. Over the next few years,
more countries in Europe marked the
holiday on March 8.
 March 8, 1975: when, during
International Women’s Year, the United
Nations celebrated it as an official holiday.
Since 1975, the holiday has gained
awareness around the globe as a way to
recognize women.
We celebrate Women’s Day / Month for
the followingreasons:
 To celebrate the incredible success
and achievements of strong women
all over the globe.
 To honor and pay tribute to the
females who dedicated their lives to
ensuring that women were granted
equal rights to men.
 To remember and acknowledge the
discrimination and inequality of
women in the past, as well as how
much of it still remains in many
cultures today. .
 To educate the masses not only
about female-related struggles, but
about diseases and other afflictions
such as female cancers that affect
women both young and old.
 The following issuances serve as legal
bases for the annual activity:
 Proclamation No. 224 s.
1988 declaring the first week of
March each year as Women’s Week
and March 8 as Women’s Rights
and International Peace Day;
  Proclamation No. 227 s.
1988 providing for the observance
of the Month of March as Women’s
Role in History Month; and
 Republic Act (RA) 6949 s.
1990 declaring March 8 of every
year as National Women’s Day
 2017-2022 Theme
 In 2017, the PCW Board Members
and Inter-Agency Technical
Working Group identified the
theme “We Make Change Work for
Women”, which shall be used from
2017-2022.
 It highlights the empowerment of
women as active contributors to
and claimholders of development.
 This pursuit of development is also
anchored on the commitment of
“Malasakit at Pagbabago” or True
Compassion and Real Change.
Elements of the Theme
The Philippine Commission on
Women (PCW) leads the annual National
Women’s Month Celebration and
explained the acronym chosen for the
theme, “WE Make Change Work for
Women”.
 WE = Women’ Empowerment –
empowering women enables them
to confidently and meaningfully
engage with appropriate
institutions to ensure that they
contribute to and benefit from
development and changes.
 Make Change Work = MCW =
Magna Carta of Women – making
change work for women
necessitates strengthening the
implementation of the MCW at all
levels. It means putting in place
functional mechanisms as well as
implementing and making known
to citizens, programs and services
that address strategic gender
needs of women.
 Change – also means Compassionate
and Harmonized Actions and
Networks for Gender Equality.
 We / us or “kami / tayo” in Filipino
–.It emphasizes our collective effort,
collaboration and participation to
ensure that women will not be left
behind in the pursuit of change.
The theme emphasizes that women
should be active drivers in bringing about
positive changes, and that they should also
reap from fruits of development efforts.
This can be made possible by empowering
women – enabling them to meaningfully
engage with other development stakeholders,
and by fully implementing the Magna Carta of
Women (MCW).
Objectives consistent with
Proclamation No. 227 s. 1988, the annual
conduct of the National Women’s Month
Celebration (NWMC) aims to give due
recognition to the contributions of Filipino
women in our society.
Specifically, the celebration aims to:
 Inform and engage women as
stakeholders of government
programs and services to promote
citizen-centric governance and make
“change” a conscious effort to know,
understand, and provide what ALL
citizens need;
 Create and facilitate platforms to
discuss good practices, gaps,
challenges , and commitments in
pursuing gender and development
(GAD) – to strengthen
implementation of the Magna Carta of
Women; and
 Inspire and empower women and
girls to be agents of change – to
contribute in promoting gender
equality and the empowerment of all
women.
18-DAY CAMPAIGN TO END VIOLENCE
AGAINST WOMEN
Campaign Background
 VAW C usually observed from November
25 to December 23, to raise awareness
among all stakeholders that VAW is a
public issue of national concern
 goal to protect the human rights of
women and its commitment to address all
forms of gender-based violence.
 The 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-
Based Violence begun in 1991, linking
November 25 (International Day Against
VAW) and December 10 (International
Human Rights Day) to emphasize that
VAW is a human rights violation.
 It is further strengthened with the
launching in 2008 of the United Nations
 (UN) Secretary-General’s UNiTE to End
VAW Campaign which envisions a world
free from all forms of violence against
women and girls. For the UN, this vision
can only be realized through meaningful
actions and ongoing political
commitments of national governments,
backed by adequate resources.
Legal mandates for the annual campaign to
end VAW
 Proclamation 1172 s. 2006 – Declaring 25
November to 12 December as the 18-Day
Campaign to End Violence Against Women
(VAW).
Republic Act 10398 (2013) – Declaring
November 25 of Every Year as National
Consciousness Day for the Elimination of
Violence Against Women and Children In
Support of the Worldwide Campaign to End
VAW.
The Philippine Campaign to End VAW
The Philippine government has
participated in this worldwide campaign to
eliminate VAW since 2002. Recognizing that
human trafficking is a form of VAW,
Presidential Proclamation 1172 s. 2006
extended the national campaign to 18 days, to
include December 12, a historic date that
marked the start of opening for signature in
year 2000 of the UN Protocol to Prevent,
Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons,
Especially Women and Children,
supplementing the UN Convention Against
Transnational Organized Crime.
Campaign Theme
The Inter-Agency Council on Violence
Against Women (IACVAWC) adopted the
theme “VAW-free community starts with
Me” for the annual 18-Day Campaign to End
VAW, from year 2016 to 2021.
The theme elevates the campaign to
positive advocacy as it enjoins everyone to
pursue the common vision of a community
free from violence against women and girls,
and highlights what can be done to achieve
such.
INTERNATIONAL DAY OF THE GIRL CHILD
 It is an international observance day
declared by the United Nations.
 It is also called the Day of Girls and
the International Day of the Girl.
 October 11, 2012, was the first Day of
the Girl Child.
 The observation supports opportunity for
girls and increases awareness of gender
inequality faced by girls worldwide
based upon their gender. This inequality
includes areas such as access to
education, nutrition, legal rights, medical
care, protection from discrimination,
violence against women, and forced
child marriage.
 The celebration of the day also "reflects
the successful emergence of girls
and young women as a distinct cohort
in development policy, programming,
campaigning and research.
Brief History of the International Day of the
Girl Child
 Plan International, a non-governmental
organization initiated the International Day
of Girls. The idea for an international day of
observance and celebration grew out of Plan
International's “Because I Am Girl” campaign,
which raises awareness of the importance of
nurturing girls globally and in developing
countries in particular.
 International Day of Girls was formally
proposed as a resolution by Canada in the
United Nations General Assembly. Rona
Ambrose, Canada's Minister for the Status of
Women, sponsored the resolution; a
delegation of women and girls made
presentations in support of the initiative at
the 55th United Nations Commission on the
Status of Women.
 On December 19, 2011, the United Nations
General Assembly voted to pass a resolution
adopting October 11, 2012 as the inaugural
International Day of Girls. The resolution
states that the Day of Girls recognizes
empowerment of and investment in girls,
which are critical for economic growth, the
achievement of all Millennium Development
Goals, including the eradication of poverty
and extreme poverty, as well as the
meaningful participation of girls in decisions
that affect them, are key in breaking the cycle
of discrimination and violence and in
promoting and protecting the full and
effective enjoyment of their human rights,
and recognizing also that empowering girls
requires their active participation
in decision-making processes and the active
support and engagement of their parents,
legal guardians, families and care providers,
as well as boys and men and the wider
community.
Each year's Day of Girls Theme:
 2012 "Ending Child Marriage"
  2013 "Innovating for Girls' Human Rights Characteristics
Education"
 2014 "Empowering Adolescent
Girls: Ending the Cycle of
Violence,"
 2015 "The Power of Adolescent
Girl: Vision for 2030."
 2016 "Girls' Progress = Goals'
Progress: What Counts for Girls,"
 2017 "EmPOWER Girls: Before,
during and after crises,"
 2018 “With Her: A Skilled Girl
Force.”
 2019 “GirlForce: Unscripted and Human Rights Outlined in the International
Unstoppable Bill of Rights

INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS DAY The right to equality and Right of peaceful
 The Office of the United Nations High freedom from assembly and
Commissioner for Human Rights plays a discrimination association
prominent role in coordinating worldwide The right to life, liberty, The right to participate
efforts to celebrate the day, which routinely and personal security in government
features cultural events and performances, Freedom from torture The right to social
public meetings and seminars, and other and degrading security
educational activities in promotion of human treatment The right to work
rights. The right to equality The right to an
 Dec. 4, 1950, the UN General Assembly before the law adequate standard of
passed a resolution (423 [V]) that invited all The right to a fair trial living
UN member states and any other interested The right to privacy The right to education
organizations to commemorate the Dec. 10, Freedom of belief and The right to health
1948, proclamation of the Universal religion The right to food and
Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) with an Freedom of opinion housing
annual celebration, called Human Rights Day
 Each year a theme is chosen to draw
attention to a particular facet of the effort to Who is Responsible for Upholding Human
uphold human rights. Themes have included Rights?
ending discrimination, fighting poverty, and
Governments have the primary
protecting victims of human rights violations.
responsibility for protecting and promoting
Additionally, since 1968, which the UN
human rights. The UDHR states: “Every
designated as the International Year for
individual and every organ of society shall strive
Human Rights, the organization has
by teaching and education to promote respect for
periodically awarded a United Nations Prize
these rights and freedoms and by progressive
in the Field of Human Rights on Human
measures, national and international, to secure
Rights Day.
their universal and effective recognition and
observance.”
The Importance of Human Rights
 Human rights reflect the minimum standards
necessary for people to live with dignity. Respect Protect Fulfil
 Human rights give people the freedom to Governments Governments Governments
choose how they live, how they express must not must prevent must take
themselves, and what kind of government deprive private actors positive
they want to support, among many other people of a from violating action to
things. right or the human facilitate the
 Human rights also guarantee people the interfere with rights of enjoyment of
means necessary to satisfy their basic needs, persons others. basic human
such as food, housing, and education, so they exercising rights.
can take full advantage of all opportunities. their rights.

 Finally, by guaranteeing life, liberty, equality,

and security, human rights protect people
against abuse by those who are more WORLD AIDS DAY
powerful.
The red ribbon is the global symbol for Behaviors and conditions that put
solidarity with HIV-positive people and those individuals at greater risk of contracting HIV
living with AIDS. include:
 having unprotected anal or
 World AIDS Day was first observed on
vaginal sex;
December 1, 1988 to bring greater
 having another sexually
awareness to HIV, as well as to commemorate
transmitted infection (STI) such
those affected by the disease. It’s an
as syphilis, herpes, chlamydia,
opportunity for people worldwide to unite in
gonorrhea and bacterial vaginosis;
the fight against HIV to show support for
 sharing contaminated needles,
people living with HIV and to commemorate
syringes and other injecting
those who have died from AIDS related
equipment and drug solutions
illness.
when injecting drugs;
 AIDS stands for Acquired Immune
 receiving unsafe injections,
Deficiency Syndrome. This is the name of
blood transfusions and tissue
the disease caused by HIV. AIDS is defined
transplantation, and medical
by the development of certain cancers,
procedures that involve unsterile
infections or other severe long term clinical
cutting or piercing; and
manifestations.
 experiencing accidental needle
 HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency
stick injuries, including among
Virus. It targets the immune system to
health workers
weaken people’s defense against many
infections and some types of cancer. The World AIDS Day Themes by Year
most advanced stage of HIV infection is
AIDS.HIV is spread by sharing needles and 1988 – Inaugural 2002 – Live and Let Live:
by having sex with a person who is Event Stigma and Discrimination
infected. Preventing the spread of HIV 1989 – Our World, 2003 – Live and Let Live:
means avoiding contact with other Our Lives – Let’s Stigma and Discrimination
people’s blood. Take Care of 2004 – “Have you heard me
Each Other today?” Women, Girls, HIV
Signs and symptoms 1990 – Women and and AIDS.
AIDS 2005 – Stop AIDS. Keep the
The symptoms of HIV vary depending on 1991 – Sharing the Promise.
the stage of infection. Though people living with Challenge 2006 – Keep the Promise –
HIV many are unaware of their status until the 1992 – Community Accountability
later stages. In the first few weeks after initial Commitment 2007 – Keep the Promise –
infection people may experience no symptoms 1993 – Time to Act Leadership “Take the Lead
or an influenza-like illness including fever, 1994 – AIDS and 2008 – Keep the Promise –
headache, rash or sore throat. As the infection the Family Leadership “Lead,
progressively weakens the immune system, they 1995 – Shared Empower, Deliver"
can develop other signs and symptoms, such as Rights, Shared 2009 – Keep the Promise –
swollen lymph nodes, weight loss, fever, Responsibilities Universal Access and
diarrhea and cough. Without treatment, they 1996 – One World. Human Right
could also develop severe illnesses such as One Hope. 2010 – Keep the Promise –
tuberculosis (TB), cryptococcal meningitis, 1997 – Children Universal Access and
severe bacterial infections, and cancers such Living in a World Human Right
as lymphomas and Kaposi's sarcoma. with AIDS 2011 – Getting to Zero: Zero
1998 – Forces of New HIV infections. Zero
Change: World discrimination. Zero
Transmission AIDS Campaign AIDS-related deaths.
with Young 2012 – 2015 Getting to
HIV can be transmitted via the exchange
People Zero: Zero New HIV
of a variety of body fluids from infected
1999 – Listen, infections. Zero
people, such as blood, breast milk, semen and
Learn, Live! World discrimination. Zero
vaginal secretions. HIV can also be
AIDS Campaign AIDS-related deaths.
transmitted from a mother to her child
with 2016 – Access Equity Rights
during pregnancy and delivery. Individuals
Children & Young Now
cannot become infected through ordinary
People 2017 – Increasing Impact
day-to-day contact such as kissing, hugging,
2000 – AIDS: Men Through Transparency,
shaking hands, or sharing personal objects,
Make a Difference Accountability,
food or water.
2001 – “I care. Do and Partnerships
you?” 2018 – Know Your Status
2019 — Ending the
HIV/AIDS Epidemic:
Community by Community

Risk factors:
PRIDE MONTH
Gay community is frequently
associated with certain symbol; especially
the rainbow or rainbow flag. The flag bears with
it the following colors and their meanings:
Pink - sexuality
Red - life
Orange - healing
Yellow - the sun
Green - nature
Blue - art
Indigo - harmony
Violet - spirit
 Pride Month is an entire month dedicated to
the uplifting of LGBTQ voices, celebration of
LGBTQ culture and the support of LGBTQ
rights.
 Throughout the month of June, nationwide,
there have traditionally been parades,
protests, drag performances, live theatre and
memorials and celebrations of life for
members of the community who lost their
lives to HIV/AIDS.
 Pride events are geared toward anyone who
feels like their sexual identity falls outside the
mainstream -- although many straight people
join in, too.
 LGBT is an acronym meaning lesbian, gay,
bisexual and transgender. The term
sometimes is extended to LGBTQ, or even
LGBTQIA, to include queer, intersex and
asexual groups. Queer is an umbrella term
for non-straight people; intersex refers to
those whose sex is not clearly defined
because of genetic, hormonal or biological
differences; and asexual describes those
who don't experience sexual attraction.
Why Do We Celebrate in June?
 We celebrate in June to coincide with the
catalyst of the Gay Liberation Movement
that was the Stonewall Uprising. In the early
morning hours of June 28, 1969, police
raided a popular gay bar in N.Y.C.'s West
Village, The Stonewall Inn.
 This was commonplace for the time, but on
this particular evening, the patrons of the bar
fought back, starting the Stonewall Riots,
which went on for days. The Stonewall Inn
was declared a historic landmark by the city
of New York in 2015 and later named a
national monument by President Barack
Obama in 2016.
passed away in 1992 at just 46 years old after
police found her body in the Hudson River
her death was initially ruled a suicide, despite
friends and loved ones insisting that could
not be the case.
 Sylvia Rivera was an activist and self-
professed drag queen who also played a part
in the Stonewall Riots. She fought for
transgender rights alongside Marsha P.
Johnson, creating S.T.A.R. (Street Transvestite
Action Revolutionaries) to help house
homeless LGBTQ youth. She advocated for
transgender rights until her passing in 2002.
 Stormé DeLarverie was a gay rights activist
and drag performer who was also at
Stonewall when it was raided that night. Her
friend, Lisa Cannistraci, told the New
YorkTimes upon her death in 2014.
Where did the Pride name come from?
 Pride marchers on June 25, 2017, in
Istanbul, Turkey. The 2017 LGBT Pride
March there was banned by authorities, but
organizers defied the order before being
dispersed by police and tear gas.
 It's credited to Brenda Howard, a bisexual
New York activist nicknamed the "Mother of
Pride," who organized the first Pride parade
to commemorate the one-year anniversary of
the Stonewall uprising.
What's the origin of the rainbow flag?
 In 1978, artist and designer Gilbert Baker
was commissioned by San Francisco city
supervisor Harvey Milk one of the first
openly gay elected officials in the US to make
a flag for the city's upcoming Pride
celebrations. Baker, a prominent gay rights
activist, gave a nod to the stripes of the
American flag but drew inspiration from the
rainbow to reflect the many groups within
the gay community. A subset of flags
represent other sexualities on the spectrum,
such as bisexual, pansexual and asexual

Who Were the Major Figures Involved?

 Marsha P. Johnson is often credited with

throwing the first punch at the Stonewall Inn.
She was a black trans woman celebrating her
25th birthday at the time of the riots and a
tour de force in the gay community. She