TOPIC-9

Three-Figures Bearing

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 ?What are bearings

Bearings (Directions): are simply a way of giving directions using the compass (a bit more
.accurately than just relying on North, South, East and West

Three-Figures Bearings: Are an alternative to compass bearings that are much more precise. The
.bearing is an angle measured clockwise from north

To measure a bearing, we must first know which direction is north. We then measure the required
angle in a clockwise direction. All bearings need to be given in three figures, so if the angle measured is
.less than 100 degrees, we must start the three-figure bearing with a zero

.Example: The diagram shows three points A, B and P

The angles are measured clockwise from the north line.

● The bearing of A from P is 045⁰.

● The bearing of B from P is 260⁰.

Bearings are used by sailors and pilots to describe the direction they are travelling. They are also used on
land by hikers and the military.

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 Drawing Bearings
In order to draw bearings:

1. Locate the point you are measuring the bearing from and draw a north line.
2. Using your protractor, place the zero of the scale on the north line and measure the required angle
clockwise, make a mark on your page at the angle needed.
3. Draw a line from the start point in the direction of the bearing.

The four main compass bearings (North, East, South, and West) are multiple of 90⁰.

In this topic, we will draw sketch angles (Approximated angle measures, without using the protractor)
using the four main bearings as a guidance.

Example 1: drawing a bearing less than 180°

Draw a bearing of 050⁰.

1) Locate the point you are measuring the bearing from and draw a north line if there is not already one
given.
2) Mark an angle of 50⁰ clockwise. (A sketch angle)
3) Draw a line from the start point in the direction of the bearing.

Example 2: drawing a bearing more than 180°

Draw a bearing of 300⁰.

1) Locate the point you are measuring the bearing from and draw a north line.
2) Mark an angle of 300⁰ clockwise. (A sketch angle)
3) Draw a line from the start point in the direction of the bearing.

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 Exercise-9a
Drawing tips:

● Draw a sketch (no need to use a protractor).

● The starting point comes after the word FROM.

● Always measure bearings starting from the North line.

● Always draw and measure bearings clockwise.

In questions 1 to 6, mark point A, then mark point B so that the bearing of B from A is:

2) 082° 1) 042°

4) 222° 3) 140°

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 6) 182° 5) 320°

Use the information given in each diagram to find the bearing of B from A:

8) 7)

___________________________ ___________________________

10) 9)

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 ___________________________ __________________________

12) 11)

__________________________ __________________________

Example 3: drawing a scale drawing with a bearing.

Make a scale drawing of a point Q 8km away from a point P on a bearing of 110° from P, using a scale
of 1cm:2km.

1) Locate the point you are measuring the bearing from and draw a north line.
2) measure the required angle clockwise.
3) Draw a line from the starting point in the direction of the
bearing. If the scale is 1cm:2km, we will need to
measure 4cm to locate Q.

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Draw diagrams to represent the information given in questions 13 to 17:

13) A car is driven 30 km on a bearing of 168°. It starts at point P and finishes at point Q.

14) A boy starts from C and cycles for 12km, on a bearing of 213°, to D.

15) A ship sails 10 km from A, on a bearing of 100°, to point B. It then sails 12 km to C on a bearing
of 070°.

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16) From town P, town Q is 45 km away on a bearing of 098°. Town R is 60 km from P on a bearing
of 003°.

17) A man walks 7 km from A, on a bearing of 285°, to B. Then he walks 3 km due east to C.

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 Find Bearings

Calculating a back bearing

The bearing of B from A is 070°. Calculate the bearing of A from B.

1) Locate the points you are calculating the bearing from and to.

2) Using the north lines for reference at both points, use angle rules and/or trigonometry to calculate
any angles that are required.

Drawing a north line at B and extending the line from A to B shows us a corresponding angle. If we travel
from A to B, we need to turn another 180° to return to A. 180° + 70°
= 250°

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3) Read off the three-figure bearing required. The bearing of A from B is 250°

Exercise-9b
1) The bearing of P from Q is 060°. What is the bearing of Q from P?

2) The bearing of C from D is 292°. What is the bearing of D from C?

3) The bearing of Y from X is 162°. What is the bearing of X from Y?

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 4) The bearing of A from B is 212°. What is the bearing of B from A?

Calculating angles using bearings

In order to calculate angles:

● Locate the points you are calculating the bearing from and to.

● Using the north lines for reference at both points, use angle rules and/or trigonometry to calculate
any angles that are required.
● Read off the three-figure bearing required.

In the following diagram, calculate the bearing of A from P.

1) Locate the points you are calculating the bearing from and to.

2) Using the north lines for reference at both points, use angle rules and/or trigonometry to calculate
any angles that are required.

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We need the angle around the point P clockwise from the north line. We know that angles on a straight
line add to 180°+53°=233°

3) Read off the three-figure bearing required. The bearing of A from P is 233°.
Exercise-9c

1) A car starts from C and is driven for 10 km on a bearing of 278°, to D. The car is then driven for
15 km due north to E. Find EDC.

2) The bearing of a town P from a town Q is 031°. The bearing of town R from town Q is 300°.
Find PQR.

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3) The bearing of a ship X from a lighthouse Y is 101°. Ship Z is — due west of X. The bearing of Z
from Y is 230°. Find the angles of triangle XYZ.

4) From a church tower P, the bearing of a bridge Q is 340° and the bearing of a crossroads R is
111°. Find QPR.

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Topic 10

Polygons

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POLYGONS
A polygon is a plane (flat) figure bounded by straight lines.

This is a nine-sided polygon.

Some polygons have names which you already know:

a three-sided polygon is a triangle

a four-sided polygon is a quadrilateral

a five-sided polygon is a pentagon

a six-sided polygon is a hexagon

an eight-sided polygon is an octagon

REGULAR POLYGONS

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A polygon is called regular when all its sides are the same length and all its angles are the
same size. The polygons below are all regular:

Exercise 10A
INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR ANGLES

INTERIOR ANGLES

Interior angle: An angle enclosed by the sides of a polygon.

Example

p, q and r are the interior angles of the triangle.

u, v, w, x and y are the interior angles of the pentagon.

EXTERIOR ANGLES

Exterior angle: An angle is formed outside the polygon when one side of a polygon is
extended.

Example
s is an exterior angle of the

quadrilateral.

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If we produce all the sides in order, we have all the exterior angles.

1) Answer the following questions.

a) What is the sum of the interior angles of any triangle? …………………………

b) What is the sum of the interior angles of any quadrilateral? …………………………

2) Use triangle ABC to find

a) The size of each marked angle.

∠x

∠q

∠p

∠r

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 b) The sum of the exterior angles.

3) Use parallelogram ABCD to find

a) The size of each marked angle.

∠x

∠y

∠w

∠z

b) The sum of the exterior angles.

4) In triangle ABC, write down the value of

a) x + q

b) The sum of all six marked angles.

c) The sum of the interior angles.

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 d) The sum of the exterior angles.

Exercise 10B
THE SUM OF THE EXTERIOR ANGLES OF A POLYGON

The sum of the exterior angles of a polygon is 360°

Example:

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a) Find the size of the angle marked p

1. 2.

3. 4.

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5. 6.

7. 8.

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 9. 10.

b) Find the value of x.

1. 2.

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 Exercise 10C
THE EXTERIOR ANGLE OF A REGULAR POLYGON

If a polygon is regular, all its exterior angles are the same size. We know that the sum of
the exterior angles is 360°, so the size of one exterior angle is easily found; we just divide
360° by the number of sides of the polygon, i.e.

In a regular polygon with n sides, the size of an exterior angle is

360°
n

Example:

Find the size of each exterior angle of a 24-sided regular polygon.

360 °
Each exterior angle= =15 °
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Find the size of each exterior angle of regular polygon with:

1. 10 sides 2. 6 sides 3. 9 sides

4. 8 sides 5. 15 sides 6. 16 sides

7. 12 sides 8. 18 sides 9. 20 sides

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 Exercise 10D
THE SUM OF THE INTERIOR ANGLES OF A POLYGON

Consider an octagon:

At each vertex there is an interior angle and an exterior angle

and the sum of these two angles is 180˚ (angles on a straight line)

p + q = 180˚ at each one of the eight vertices.

The sum of an interior angle and an exterior angle at the same vertex is 180˚

In a polygon with n sides, the sum of the interior angles is

( n−2 ) 180 °

Example #1:

Find the sum of the interior angles of a 14-sided polygon.

∑ of interior angles=( 14−2 ) 180 °

¿ 12 ×180 °

¿ 2160 °

Example #2:

Step 1: The ∑ of the interior angles=( 6−2 ) 180°

¿ 720 °

Step 2: 90 ° +140 ° +70 °+160 °+2 x=720 °

460 ° +2 x=720 °

x=130 °
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a) Find the sum of the interior angles of a polygon with:

1. 6 sides 2. 4 sides 3. 18 sides

4. 5 sides 5. 7 sides 6. 9 sides

7. 10 sides 8. 12 sides 9. 15 sides

b) Find the size of the angle(s) marked x

1. 2.

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3. 4.

5. 6.

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 The size of an interior angle in a regular polygon with n sides is:

( n−2 ) 180 °
n

Example #3:

Find the size of each interior angle of a regular nine-sided polygon.

( 9−2 ) 180 °
The ¿ each interior angle=
9

¿ 140 °

The number of the sides in a regular polygon when an exterior angle is given

360 °
n=
angle

Example #4:

How many sides has a regular polygon if each exterior angle is 45˚.

360 °
n=
45°

¿ 8 sides

The polygon is a regular octagon

c) Find the size of each interior angle of:

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 1. A regular pentagon 2. A regular ten-sided polygon

3. A regular hexagon 4. A regular 12-sided polygon

5. A regular octagon 6. A regular 20-sided polygon

d) How many sides has a regular polygon if each exterior angle is:

1. 20˚ 2. 15˚

Exercise 10E

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 Mixed Problems

Find the size of the angle(s) marked x

1. 2.

3. 4.

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5. 6.

7. 8.

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