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Year 10 Semester One Revision Sheet 2 ANSWERS
Year 10 Semester One Revision Sheet 2 ANSWERS
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2. This pedigree shows a family where some individuals have the inherited
disease albinism, a disease characterised by a lack of the skin pigment
melanin. They have very white skin, white or yellow hair and blue or red eyes.
There are two alleles – A (normal allele) or a (albinism allele).
The disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive disease. ‘Autosomal’ tells
you that the gene for albinism is not on one of the sex chromosomes and
therefore the sex of a person does not affect their risk of inheriting the
disease. ‘Recessive’ tells you that an individual will only get the disease if they
only have recessive alleles (aa). People whose genotypes are AA or Aa will
not have the disease.
b. If II.2 and II.3 have another child, what is the probability (likelihood) that
the child will have albinism? Show your working by using a Punnett
Square.
A a
A AA Aa
a Aa aa
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3. Milli Vanilli syndrome is a real, imaginary disease characterised by an
individual’s lips moving as if they are speaking, but without making any sound.
Milli Vanilli syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease.
There are two alleles for this disease – M (the dominant, disease allele) and
m (the recessive, normal allele).
The disease is described as being autosomal because the gene is not on one
of the sex chromosomes and so the gender of the individual does not affect
their risk of inheriting the disease.
The disease is described as being a dominant disease because if you have at
least one copy of the dominant allele (MM or Mm) then you will have the
disease. People with the genotype mm will be normal.
a. Two parents who are both heterozygous for Milli Vanilli syndrome are
going to have a child. What is the probability that the child will have
Milli Vanilli syndrome? Show your working. (Hint – ‘heterozygous’
means that the two alleles are different).
M m
M MM Mm
m Mm mm
M m
M MM Mm
M MM Mm
c. Write the three possible genotypes for Milli Vanilli syndrome and next
to each write the corresponding phenotype (hint – phenotype is the
physical characteristic the person has).
Genotype Phenotype
MM Milli Vanilli syndrome
Mm Milli Vanilli syndrome
mm Normal
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4. Duchenne muscular dystrophy, red-green colour blindness and haemophilia
are all X-linked recessive diseases. To say that the disease is ‘X-linked’ (also
called ‘sex-linked’) means that the gene for the disease is on the X-
chromosome. To say that the disease is recessive means that an individual
will only get the disease if they have only recessive allele/s. Males are much
more likely to get these diseases than females.
a. For Duchenne muscular dystrophy, there are two alleles – D (the
dominant, normal allele) and d (the recessive, Duchenne muscular
dystrophy disease). Complete this table showing the 5 possible
genotypes and the corresponding phenotypes. Some information has
already been filled in for you.
Genotypes Phenotypes
XDXD Normal female
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XDXd
iii. II.2
XdY
iv. II.5
XDXD or XDXd
c. If I.1 and I.2 have another child, what is the probability that the child will
have Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
XD Xd
D
X XDXD XDXd
Y XDY XdY
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