stions

Levels I, 11, and III

Magnetic Particle Testing
Method

Supplement to
Recommended Practice
No. SNT-TC-1A
BookB
The AInerican Society
for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.
Published by
The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.
1711 Arlingate Lane
PO Box 28518
Columbus, OH 43228-0518

Copyright © 1994 by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. ASNT is not responsible for the
authenticity or accuracy of information herein. Published opinions and statements do not necessarily reflect
the opinion of ASNT. Products or services that are advertised or mentioned do not carry the endorsement or
recommendation of ASNT.

This publication contains suggested questions and answers in the Magnetic Particle Test method for use in
conjunction with Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1Afor Personnel Qualification and Certification in
Nondestructive Testing. Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A is available from ASNT.

IRRSP, Level III Study Guide, Materials Evaluation, NDT Handbook, Nondestructive Testing Handbook,
The NDT Technician and www.asnt.org are trademarks of The American Society for Nondestructive
Testing, Inc. ACCP, ASNT, Research in Nondestructive Evaluation and RNDE are registered
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ISBN-13: 978-0-931403-11-8
ISBN-lO: 0-931403-11-1

Printed in the United States of America

first printing 07/87

second printing 03/88
third printing04/88
fourth printing 02/89
fifth printing 04/90
sixth printing 05/92
seventh printing with revision 05/94
eighth printing 10/96
ninth printing 11/98
10th printing 07/03
11th printing 03/06

2
 Table of Contents

References 25
15
17
39
27
33
7
43 65
27
17
7
35

cation
List

3
 Recommended Training References
Magnetic Particle Testing Method

The following references were used in formulating the questions contained in this book.

A.* Betz, Carl E. Principles of Magnetic Particle Testing. Chicago, IL: Magnaflux Corporation. 1966.

B.* McMaster, R.C., ed. Nondestructive Testing Handbook, first edition. Columbus, OH: The American Society
for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 1959.

c.* Magnetic Particle Testing: Classroom Training Handbook (CT-6-3). San Diego, CA: General Dynamics/
Convair Division. 1977. (Now published by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.)

D. Doane, F.G. and Carl E. Betz. Principles of Magnaflux. Chicago, IL: Photopress. 1948.

E.* McGonnagle, WJ. Nondestructive Testing. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. 1961.

F. * Metals Handbook, Eighth Edition, Nondestructive Inspection and Quality Control, Volume 11. Materials
Park, OH: American Society for Metals. 1976.

G.* Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 03.03, Nondestructive Testing. "Standard Guide for Magnetic
Particle Examination," Standard ASTM E 709. Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and
Materials. Latest edition.

* Available from The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.

Each question found in this book contains letter(s) and page number(s) in bold type immediately following the answers.
For example,

13. What rule describes the direction of current flow

(+ to -) when lines of magnetic force surround a
conductor?

a. the left hand rule

b. the right hand rule
c. the flux rule
d. the reluctance rule

I A.143 I

In this example, the letter "A" refers to Reference A in the list provided above and "143" is the specific page in
Reference A where the answer to the question can be found.

5
 Reference Usage List
Magnetic Particle Testing Method
Reference A: Total = 123 Reference E: Total = 1
Level 1(29) Level I (1)
Level II (58) Levelll (0)
Level III (36) Level III (0)
Reference B: Total = 57 Reference F: Total = 5
Level 1(36) Level 1(0)
Level II (8) Level II (0)
Level III (13) Level III (5)
Reference C: Total = 24 Reference G: Total = 3
Level 1(19) Level 1(0)
Level II (3) Levelll (0)
Level ill (2) Level ill (3)
Reference D: Total = 5
Level I (5)
Levelll (0)
Level III (0)

6
 Level I Questions
Magnetic Particle Testing Method

a.d.Iron a. it isindications
attached
coercive
farad force7istononferrous
anan electrostatic field
The
Which permeability
retentivity
areofusually
"Magnetic
Why
If magnetic
Ferromagnetic
a crack
unit the 1. ofinof
following
particle"
field
magnetic
exists material
used isall
aparticles of the
aismaterial
acircular
material
a can be
strongest
to above
describes
describes
inthe:
magnetized?
nondestructive
is:
denote when
available
magnet, the:
the the: is the: of 7.
examination
different
flux densityattraction 9.
10.
11.
12. b.
C.2-9
d.
c.
b.
c. weak
no
the
d. C.2-12
B.30.8
A.60
high
the
strong
Which
they
Magnetic
Afuzzy
part indications
material
reluctance
magnetizing
material
magnetic
a. Doppler
leakage
ampere
gauss
henry material
is exhibits
particles
neverfield
effect
indications
statement
seek
fluxthe
indications
are most lines
adaptable at
iscurrent
cross to electric
the
high
the
ferromagnetic
is
pathtrue
dense of
which
to atwhenareconductor
crack
isleast
coercive
not
flowing
crack
the
magnetic flowingforces
isparticle
caused
relatedof to
resistance
parallel
poles a a: B.30.11
by
magnetic
atomagnet
inspection if:
b. tolines
colors?
b. enhance
of the
8.of
discontinuity
depth the
force? detectionfield
produce:
magnetic of in
indications
the part C.2-7 a. magnetizing voltage is flowing
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level I

13. What rule describes the direction of current flow 20. Magnetic lines of force:
(+ to -) when lines of magnetic force surround a
conductor? a. travel in straight lines
b. form a closed loop
a. the left hand rule c. are randomly oriented
b. the right hand rule d. overlay in highly ferromagnetic materials
c. the flux rule A.13I
d. the reluctance rule
A.143 21. A magnetic particle build-up from a discontinuity is
strongest when the discontinuity is oriented:
14. The magnitude of the residual magnetic field in a
specimen is dependent on the: a. 180° to the magnetic field
b. 45° to the magnetic field
a. LID ratio (length to diameter) c. 90° to the magnetic field
b. strength of the applied magnetizing force d. 90° to the current flow
c. right hand rule A.134, 135; C.2-I0
d. left hand rule
B.30-I4 22. A specimen may be demagnetized by:

15. The proper number of ampere-turns for a given test a. heat treatment above Curie temperature
specimen is determined by: b. an AC coil
c. reversing DC fields
a. its length d. all of the above
b. the material B.30.22
c. both a and b
d. its diameter 23. Which of the following is an advantage of magnetic
B.30.I4 particle testing over penetrant testing?

16. A circular field may be induced into a specimen by: a. it can detect surface discontinuities with foreign
material imbedded in them
a. direct induction (head shot) b. it is faster on individual parts
b. direct induction (prods) c. it can detect near-surface discontinuities
c. central conductor d. all of the above
d. all of the above A.68
C.2-I5
24. The amount of amperage used for magnetic particle
17. An electrical yoke produces: inspection using the prod method is determined from
the:
a. a longitudinal field
b. a circular field a. type of material
c. alternating fields b. distance between the prods
d. a swinging field c. diameter of the part
C.2-I6 d. total length of the part
B.30.I4
18. A coil around the part produces:
25. The flux within and surrounding a magnetized part or
a. a circular field around a conductor carrying a current is known as:
b. a longitudinal field
c. either a or b depending on the type of current a. saturation point
applied b. magnetic field
d. an intermittent field c. ferromagnetic
C.2-I6 d. paramagnetic
D.45,47
19. In longitudinal magnetization, the proper term for
calculating magnetizing force is:

a. amperes
b. ampere-turns
c. watts
d. ohms
A.145; C.2-I7

8
 Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level]

26. The areas on a magnetized part from which the 33. Which type of current brings out surface indications
magnetic field is leaving or returning into the part are most clearly?
called:
a. AC
a. salient points b. DC
b. defects c. pulsed DC
c. magnetic poles d. DC with surge
d. nodes B.30.8; D.139
D.43,63
34. Fluorescent magnetic particle indications should be
27. A metal that is difficult to magnetize is said to have: inspected under:

a. high permeability a. fluorescent light

b. low permeability b. any light
c. high reluctance c. black light
d. low retentivity d. neon light
D.50 A.274

28. The magnetism that remains in a piece of

magnetizable material after the magnetizing force has
been removed is called the:
35. Inspecting a part by magnetizing, removing the
current flow, and then applying the medium is called
the:
I
a. tramp field a. continuous method
b. residual field b. wet method
c. damped field c. residual method
d. permanent field d. dry method
D.52 A.269

29. Why is it preferable to disassemble parts before 36. False indications are caused by magnetic particles
magnetic particle inspection? being held to the part by which of the following
means?
a. disassembly makes all surface areas visible
b. interfaces will create leakage fields which may a. gravity

I
confuse the inspection b. mechanical

II
c. it is usually easier to handle the disassembled parts c. both a and b
d. all of the above d. none of the above
E.2-7 A.382

30. Subsurface discontinuity indications usually appear: 37. Which of the following is the most effective method
for the detection of extremely deep lying defects?
a. sharp and distinct
b. sharp and wide a. dry residual method using DC with surge
c. wide and fuzzy b. wet continuous method using half-wave rectified
d. high and loosely held current
B.32.2 c. wet residual method
d. dry continuous method using half-wave rectified
31. Which residual field is most difficult to demagnetize? current with prods
A.271
a. longitudinal
b. circular 38. A curve is sometimes drawn to show graphically the
c. vector relation of the magnetizing force to the strength of the
d. binodal magnetic field produced in a cer1ain material. This
B.30.21 curve is known as the:

32. Which technique is the most sensitive'? a. magnetic force curve

b. hysteresis curve
a. continuous c. saturation curve
b. residual d. induction curve
C.2-14
c. interrupted
d. counter-current
B.30.12

9
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level I

39. What method provides greater sensitivity, particularly 44. The point at which the magnetism in a material cannot
in locating subsurface discontinuities? be increased even though the magnetizing force
continues to increase is known as the:
a. continuous
b. residual a. salient pole
c. circular b. saturation point
d. longitudinal c. residual point
A.239 d. remnant point
A.120
40. When magnetizing a weld in two directions, if the
current used in the ftrst direction is 750 amps and the 45. Which type of current has a "skin effect?"
current in the second direction is 400 amps, which of
the following is true? a. AC
b. DC
a. the part should be checked to see if c. half-wave rectifted
demagnetization between operations is necessary d. full-wave rectifted
b. no precautions should be taken before the second A.152
operation
c. this is not a valid technique 46. A high velocity flow of wet method bath over surfaces
d. there is no need to magnetize a weld in two of the specimen following removal of the magnetizing
directions current may cause:
A.307
a. a fine or weakly heJ.d indication to be washed away
41. When there is absolutely no pattern or distribution of b. no problems
magnetic particles, the possible cause is that: c. particles to be splashed into eyes
d. none of the above
a. the material is nonmagnetic A.239
b. the amperage setting is too low
c. no current is being applied 47. Residual magnetic particle inspection may be used
d. any of the above could be true when:
B.30.12
a. parts are irregular in shape
42. What are the three causes of nonrelevant indications? b. parts are highly retentive
c. parts are highly stressed
a. lack of fusion, change of section thickness, d. evaluating continuous method indications
grinding cracks C.5-3
b. change of section thickness, very high amperage,
drilled hole near surface 48. Magnetic particle inspection is a reliable method for
c. very high amperage, drilled hole near surface, blow detecting all of the following indications except:
holes
d. drilled hole near surface, very high amperage, lack a. laps
of fusion b. deep seated cavities
B.32.14 c. cracks
d. seams
43. Using the residual test method, a number of parts are B.32.3
magnetized and laid on a rack prior to application of
magnetic particles. Why is it important that they do 49. The wet fluorescent magnetic particle inspection
not rub or touch each other? method is the same as the standard wet magnetic
particle method with the exception of requirements
a. there is a possible loss of the magnetic fteld for:
b. it may cause magnetic writing
c. it may damage the part a. black light
d. it makes parts hard to handle b. higher current
B.32.17 c. a different machine
d. type of current
B.30.17

10
 Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level I

50. A defect open to the surface produces an indication 57. An electric current through a copper wire:
that is:
a. creates a magnetic field around the wire
a. sharp and distinct b. creates magnetic poles in the wire
b. wide and indefinite c. magnetizes the wire
c. cri ss-cross ri. does not create a magnetic field
d. high and fuzzy C2-10
B.32.I
58. Why should parts be cleaned after demagnetization?
51. Which of the following will produce circular
magnetism? a. to assure that the magnetic particles are removed
b. to prevent false indications
a. passing current through a coil c. to save the solids of the suspension
b. placing the test part in a solenoid d. to prevent cracking during heat treatment
c. passing current through prods C.S-14
d. yokes
B.30.5 59. In circular magnetization. the magnetizing force is
expressed in amperes. What term is used to express
52. When using the wet continuous method, the flow of the magnetizing force in longitudinal magnetization?
suspension from the hose should be shut off:
a. amperes
a. immediately after applying the current b. ampere-turns
b. immediately before applying the current c. consequent poles
c. while the current is flowing d. volts
d. 30 seconds before applying the current A.145
B.30.I2
60. A longitudinal surface crack in a circularly magnetized
53. The strongest magnetic field in a coil is at the: part will cause:

a. outside edge a. the magnetic field to die out

b. inside edge b. a decrease in permeability
c. center c. a magnetic leakage field
d. end d. a current to flow
A.146; C2-27 C2-7

54. To detect lengthwise defects on the inside diameter of 6 J. In a magnetic particle test. assuming that all of the
a hollow part. you should: following are in the same relative position in a small
part, which would be the hardest to detect?
a. pass current through it
b. magnetize it with a coil a. a surface crack
c. pass current through a central conductor b. a near surface crack
d. increase the amperage used c. a scratch
Cs-s d. a seam
A.62
55. What equipment is used to determine whether a part
has been demagnetized? 62. If wet magnetic particle suspension is not uniform.
then:
a. a magnet on the part
b. a field meter a. the strength of an indication may vary, and the
c. a survey meter interpretation of the indication may be erroneous
d. careful observation for clinging magnetic particles b. the magnetic flux would not be uniform
B.30.27 c. greater mobility would be required
d. the part cannot be magnetized
56 Which of the following is most often used for dry A.261
magnetic particle inspection?
63. Which of the following will best define surface cracks')
a. full cycle direct current
b. half-wave rectified alternating current a. half-wave rectified AC
c. high voltage. Iow amperage current b. DC
J. Jirect current from electrolytic cells c. AC
C2-23 d. surge current
A.232

11
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level I

64. When a magnetic field is induced in a part with prods 70. When inspecting a tabular product for surface defects
spaced 152 mm (6 in.) apart, the field is: along its length, the best type of magnetic field to use
is a:
a. solenoida1
b. circular a. longitudinal field
c. longitudinal b. circular field
d. distorted trapezoida1 c. swinging field
C.2-1S d. yoke magnetization
B.30.8-11
65. Applying the theory ofthe "Right Hand Rule," a
longitudinal surface defect in a round bar is detected 71. The area of maximum induced field strength using a
by -current passing in a direction parallel to the yoke is:
direction of expected defects" because:
a. at the North pole of the yoke
a me current direction is in line with the defect b. at the South pole of the yoke
b. the m~crnetic field is at right angles to the defect c. the area directly between the poles
~. it rr:.a..'.;:es
no difference d. on the outside of pole pieces
cL the ma.gnetic field is parallel to the defect B.30.10-11
B.30.4
72. The strength of the magnetic field induced in a part is
66" If a cur:rem is passed :,",-,olIgn an electrical conductor, often referred to as:
\vhat v.ill 5~l--:-D::.nd L1c conductor?
a. current density
a. an eddy C1l:Tent field b. voltage
b. carrent c. flux density
c. a m~crnetic field d. retentivity
d. a residual field B.30.12
B.3D.6
The major factor that determines the success of
67. With current flowing from - to - I::: 3 coil. a magnetic particle inspection is the:
longitudinal field is created. Whic:o of the follov.ing
may be used to establish u~e direction of the ma.gnetic a. field strength
field? D" voltage on magnetizing coil
c. current through the coil
a. the left hand rule d. time of magnetization
b. the right hand rule B.30.12
c. Ohm's law
d. there is no relevant law The type of current that is best suited to detect surface
B.30.6 discontinuities is:

68. When magnetic material is placed into a coil, the a. DC

magnetic lines of flux concentrate themselves in the b. AC
material and: c. pulsating DC
d. half-wave
a. create a longitudinal magnetic field B.30.8
b. create a circular magnetic field
c. create a longitudinal-circular field 75. When preparing a bath, it is important to have the bath
d. have no effect strength at a proper level because too many particles
B.30.6 can result in:

69. Which form of magnetization is easiest to control in a. a lowering of the test amperage
most parts? b. the need to increase the magnetizing current
c. the masking of indications
a. longitudinal magnetization d. none of the above
b. permanent magnetism B.30.16
c. circular magnetization
~ prallel magnetizatioI).
B.30.8

12
 Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level I
76. One advantage of using fluorescent particles is: 82. Retentivity:

, a.
b.
c.
d.
that less equipment is required
the high speed of inspection
the cost
that they are more readily attracted
B.30.18
a. represents the ability to induce magnetism in a
ferromagnetic body by an outside magnetizing
force
b. represents the ability of a material to resist the
establishment of magnetic flux within it
c. represents the ability of a material to retain a
77. When using a dry magnetic particle powder, the portion of the magnetic field set up in it after the
proper way to apply it to the part is to; magnetizing force has been removed
d. is not a term used in magnetic particle testing
a. forcibly apply it with air C.2-13
b. roll the material in the container of powder
c. apply it from the bottom of the part 83. Resistance to demagnetization is:
d. float the particles to the inspection surface as gently
as possible a. greater in hard materials than soft materials
B.30.18 b. greater in soft materials than hard materials
c. the same for both hard and soft materials
78. When using the wet particles in water suspension, d. nonexistent
wetting agents are added to: B.30.22

a. prevent freezing 84. Demagnetization:

b. prevent corrosion of inspection equipment
c. ensure the proper wetting of the part a. may be easy or difficult depending on the type of
d. decrease the amount of water needed material
B.30.18 b. is easy for materials having a high coercive force
c. is always most difficult in materials retaining a
79. When preparing an inspection bath, the amount of high residual field
magnetic particles per gallon of fluid is called its: d. all of the above
A.306
a. measuring scale
b. particle number 85. The strength of the wet suspension should be
~'

c. strength or concentration maintained at a given level because:

d. usable limits
B.30.16 a. a low level might give a weak indication
b. a high level may give a heavy background
80. Coercive force: c. both a and b
d. none of the above
a. describes the means by which the magnetic A.261
particles are suspended in the liquid when using the
wet method
b. describes the magnetizing force used with the
continuous method
c. represents the reverse magnetizing force necessary
to remove the residual magnetism in a material
d. is not a term used in magnetic particle testing
C.2-13

81. Demagnetization:

a. may be accomplished by heating a material above

its Curie point
b. is always necessary
c. can be performed only with AC
d. can be performed only with DC
A.309

13
 Level I Answers
Magnetic Particle Testing Method

1. c 23.
65.d
37.
33.
29.
27.
39.
40.
30.
34.
24.
35.
36.
26.
28.
32.
38.
31.
25.
43.
41.
42.
66.
78.
70.
69.
76.
77.
54.
60.
53.
71.
74.
75.
79.
61.
83.
68.
67.
48.
49.
80.
52.
73.
63.
62.
58.
51.
55.
72.
45.
56.
57.
82.
84.
81.
50.
59.
64.
46.
44.
47.
85.ca
d
bbacbd
cc
a
b
C

15
 Level IT Questions
Magnetic Particle Testing Method

I. The interpretation of magnetic particle indications 6. Why are large soft contact areas such as lead or
may be aided by: copper braid used for surfaces or headstocks?

a. observing with a magnifying glass
b. observing the indications as they are formed
L'. reproducing the indication residually
d. all of the above
A.397
2. Residual magnetism may be beneficial as an aid:
a. to increase the contact area and reduce the
possibility of burning the part
b. because of their low melting points
c. because they help heat metal, thus facilitating
magnetic induction
d. to increase the contact area and flux density
B.30.9

a. in the deposition of weld metal 7. A rough forging that has received no further
b. in interpretation and evaluation of indications processing is magnetic particle tested. An indication
L'. in demagnetization is observed to run in every direction. It appears to
d. all of the above extend deeply into the part and run perpendicular to
A.397 the surface. It is very sharp. What is the probable
identity of the indication?
}. /\n interruption in the normal physical structure or
configuration of a part which produces an MT a. forging burst
indication is called: b. lap
c. flake
a. a discontinuity d. seam
b. a defect A.8S
c. an indication
d. a deformation 8. A gear with case-hardened ground teeth and hub ends
A.126 is MT tested. Individual indications are detected on
five of the teeth and on the one end surface of the hub.
4. Comparing parts that have been circularly magnetized Although the indications are very sharp and distinct,
and those that have been longitudinally magnetized, they do not break over the edges of the part. What is
which retains the most objectionable residual field if the probable identity of the indication?
not demagnetized?
a. grinding cracks
a. longitudinal b. inclusions
D. circular c. porosity
c. yectored d. quench cracks
d. remnant A.90
B.30.21
9. If an overall pattern (sometimes circular lines) appears
s. What type of magnetization uses the formula: on the test surfaces, how should the inspector
Ampere-turns == 45,000 ? reprocess the test piece?
LD
I
<l. circular a. retest at a higher amperage
I
b. longitudinal b. demagnetize
I c. parallel c. retest at lower amperage

iI d. vectored d. both a and b

A.20g
I B.30.13

i
I 17
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level II

10. A prime consideration when selecting a powder to be 16. Which of the following depicts the wave form of
used as a magnetic particle medium is to select a three-phase full-wave rectified AC?
powder that: A.121-123

a. provides a high contrast to the surface being tested a. +

b. provides a Iow contrast to the surface being tested
c. wiII adhere to the surface being tested
Mean DC
d. requires a high demagnetization current to remove it
A.22 Volts
Time
11. When testing for fine shallow surface cracks, the
preferred MT method should be: 1 cycle
a. dry AC
b. dry DC
c. wetAC
d. wetDC
A.235 b. +
12. Which of the following is an advantage of the dry
method over the wet method?

a. it is more sensitive to fine surface cracks I Time

\ I
b. it is more capable of providing full surface coverage , .. ; I , .. ; I
on irregularly shaped parts
c. it is easier to use for field inspection with portable
equipment
d. it is faster than the wet method when testing a
number of small parts
A.235
c. +
13. When testing a bar with an LID ratio of four in a
ten-turn coil, the required current would be: -
r--------
I::
Q)
a. 1 125 amperes l::
=
I T'
b. 18 000 amperes
c. 45 000 amperes
U lme
d. unknown; more information is needed
B.30.14

14. Internal splines and holes drilled parallel to or near test

surfaces will cause:
d. +
a. broad, fuzzy indications directly aligned with the
part's internal contours
b. sharp, well-defined indications directly aligned with
the part's internal contours
c. no indications Time
d. both a and b
A.384

15. Some limitations of coil magnetization techniques are:

a. that the coil must be of minimum diameter in

relation to part
b. that the etfective field is generally limited on either
side of the coil
c. that small diameter parts should be placed close to
the coil
d. all of the above
A.145-146

18
 Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level II

17. Which of the following casting defects is caused by 23. External poles, which are too strong to permit good
non uniform cooling resulting in stresses which rupture inspection of a part, are more likely to result when
the surface of the metal? using:

a. shrink a. circular magnetization

b. hot tears b. longitudinal magnetization
c. porosity c. polarized magnetization
d. dross d. residual magnetization
A.88 A.382

18. The term used to refer to the total opposition to flow 24. A rough forging discontinuity has the following
of current represented by the combined effect of characteristics: it can occur on the surface or
resistance, inductance, and capacitance of a circuit is: internally; it is associated with processing at too Iowa
temperature; it is often caused by excessive working;
a. inductive reactance and it creates straight or irregular cavities varying in
b. impedance size. This discontinuity would be identified or
c. reluctance classified as:
d. decay
A.I22 a. a burst
b. shrinkage
19. A coil shot is required to be performed after a head c. a pIpe
shot using the wet continuous method. In order to d. a lamination
properly conduct the coil shot, it is necessary to: C.7-8

II
a. remove all residual wet magnetic particle fluid 25. Discontinuities in plate, sheet, or strip caused by pipe,
from the part using clean, dry absorbent rags inclusions, or blowholes in the original ingot which,
b. demagnetize the part between the head and first after rolling, are usually flat and parallel to the outside
coil shot surface are called:
c. place the part in the coil and continue the
inspection after evaluating the head shot indications a. seams
d. none of the above b. laminations
A.308 c. cracks
d. laps
20. When adding concentrate to any wet magnetic particle A.82; B.32.7
suspension liquid, it is common practice to:
26. Forging laps occur in what relation to the axial
a. add powder directly to the suspension liquid direction of a part?
b. make a small, slurry-like test mixture of the powder
c. do both of the above a. may occur anywhere on surface and may bear no
d. do neither of the above relation to axial direction of the part
A.263-264 b. always are found on thermal centerline
c. are found on surface of part at a 90° angle to long
21. A desirable property of magnetic particles used for the aXIs
inspection medium for either the dry or wet method is d. may occur anywhere in the part and always run in
that they: direction of working
A.86
a. are nontoxic
b. possess high permeability 27. The accumulation of particles at a site on the part
c. possess low retentivity surface, collected at and held to the site by the
d. have all of the above characteristics magnetic leakage field, is called:
A.209-228
a. a discontinuity
22. Which of the following can cause nonrelevant b. a defect
magnetic particle indications? c. an indication
d. magnetic writing
a. joints between dissimilar metals A.126
b. brazed joints
c. roughing tool cuts on surface
d. all of the above
A.390-391

19
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level II

28. Where particles are attracted to a site on the surface of 34. Which of the following is a defect commonly
a part by a magnetic leakage field that is due to a associated with the welding process?
condition such as a crack, lap, or other condition not
acceptable to the applicable standards for the part, a. lack of penetration
then we have: b. flakes
c. seams
a. a discontinuity d. laminations
b. a defect A.440-442
c. a nonrelevant indication
d. all of the above 35. Which of these cracks may appear as an irregular,
A.126 checked, or scattered pattern of fine lines usually
caused by local overheating?
29. Half-wave rectified AC (HWDC) is used for detection
ot: a. fatigue cracks
b. grinding cracks
a. surface defects only c. crater cracks
b. subsurface defects only d. HAZ cracks
'2. surface and subsurface defects C.7-15,7-16
d. nOTIeof the above
A.154 36. Of the following discontinuity categories, which one
is considered most detrimental to the service life of an
-"';-'. \\ meh of the following techniques for removing a thin item?
film of oil or grease prior to magnetic particle testing
is not acceptable: a. subsurface inclusions
b. subsurface porosity and voids
a. washing with a solvent c. cracks open to the surface
b. degreasing using a vapor degreasing method d. all of the above
c. dusting the surface with chalk or taIc then wipe A.369-370
with dry clean cloth
d. brushing the surface with power wire brush 37. If a copper conductor is placed through a ferrous
A.246 cylinder and a current is passed through the
conductor, then the magnetic field (flux density) in the
Which of the following is a commonly used technique cylinder will be:
for preserving MT powder patterns?
a. the same intensity and pattern as in the conductor
a. dear lacquer b. greater than in the conductor
b. transparent tape c. less than in the conductor
c. photography d. the same regardless of its proximity to the cylinder
d. all of the above wall
A.407-412 A.192

.~ ef following discontinuities
t..;'1e are commonly 38. The length of a part being magnetized by passing an
f)11:-.d in.rolled products except: electric current from one end to the other:

a. affects the permeability of the part

~ Jli'7'inations b. changes the strength of the magnetic field
__ co1d shuts c. does not affect the strength of the magnetic field
d. causes the magnetic field to vary
A.SO-83 A.186

,-\:: er:h;: tolIowing discontinuities are commonly 39. If 25 mm (1 in.) and 51 mm (2 in.) diameter bars are
:':..:=': := rorged products except: magnetized by passing the same current through them,
the magnetic fields would be:

a. the same for both

b. stronger in the 5 I mm (2 in.) diameter bar
c. weaker in the 2S mm (1 in.) diameter bar
A.82-87 d. stronger in the 2S mm (1 in.) diameter bar
A.186

20
 Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level II

40. If a current of the same amperage is passed through 46. To alleviate the problem of cold working indications
two conductors of the same dimensions, one of which in a part, the part should be:
is magnetic and one of which is nonmagnetic, the
magnetic field surrounding the conductors will: a. demagnetized then retested
b. retested after stress relieving
a. be stronger for the magnetic conductor c. retested in the opposite direction
b. be stronger for the nonmagnetic conductor d. remagnetized at a higher amperage
c. vary with the permeability A.387-389
d. be the same for both conductors
A.147 47. The unit of measure of one line of flux per square
centimeter of area is one:
41. The most effective MT method for inspection of a
large casting is the use of: a. oersted
b.ohm
a. multidirectional magnetization c. gauss
b. a central conductor d. ampere
c. prod inspection in two directions A.llS
d. direct magnetization
A.4S0 48. The ability of matter to attract other matter to itself is
a phenomenon associated with:
42. The most common failure mechanism associated with
sharp fillets, notches, undercuts, and seams is: a. field strength
b. magnetism
a. fatigue cracking c. coercive force
b. crystallization d. pole strength
c. shrinkage A.1l4
d. decarburization
A.103,481-489 49. Materials which are strongly attracted to a magnet are
called:
43. \Vhen it is believed that a defect has been removed by
chipping, grinding, or flame cutting, the next a. magnetized
operation is to: b. nonmagnetic
c. ferromagnetic
a. repair it d. polarized
b. measure it to see if minimum thickness remains A.llS
c. reexamine the area by magnetic particle testing
d. sign off the part 50. Materials which are weakly attracted magnetically are
A.400-401 called:

\\-hen the most complete demagnetization available is a. paramagnetic

desired and demagnetization is to be accomplished by b. diamagnetic
placing the part in a coil energized with AC of c. ferromagnetic
progressively decreasing amperage, the following d. nonmagnetic
orientation of the long axis of the part is most A.1l9
desirable:
5 I. Materials which are repelled magnetically are called:
a. East-West
b. North-South a. paramagnetic
c. South-West b. diamagnetic
d. North-East c. ferromagnetic
A.314, 324; B.30-2S d. nonmagnetic
A.1l9
45. Nonrelevant indications due to residual local poles
interfere with magnetic particle testing. For a 52. The end of a magnet at which the lines of flux are
successful examination, one should: thought of as entering the bar is:

a. use more amperage a. the north pole

b. demagnetize then remagnetize in the desired b. the south pole
direction c. both north and south poles
c. use lower amperage d. none of the above
d. magnetize in another direction A.133
A.387

21
Magnetic Particle Testing Method, Level II
59. A magnetic discontinuity, which is a break in the
53. A general rule to use for determining the detectability
of surface discontinuities by magnetic particle magnetic uniformity of a part, is related to a sudden
change in:
inspection is that:
a. inductance
a. the depth and width have no bearing to each other
b. resistivity
b. the depth should be at least five times the width of
c. capacitance
the opening of the defect at the surface
c. the depth should be at a one-ta-one ratio to the d. permeability
A.127
width
d. none of the above
A.371 60. In order to detect defects in different directions in a
material by magnetic particle inspection, it is best to
use:
54. The general term used to refer to a break in the
metallic continuity of the part being tested is:
a. two or more fields in different directions
a. discontinuity b. only one field
b. crack c. other probe locations
c. seam d. a high frequency field
A.127
d. lap
A.126
61. The parts are blanks cut from rolled iron bar stock.
They have been rough machined. Inspection by the
55. The pattern of iron powder sprinkled on a paper continuous method, using a circular shot, reveals well-
placed over a bar magnet is called a: defined but broken lines running parallel with the axis
on some of the pieces and no indications on others.
a. field survey
The broken lines range in length from 6 to 25 mm
b. magnetometer
(0.25 to I in.). These indications are indicative of:
c. magneto graph
d. fluxmeter
A.119,169 a. shrinkage
b. machining tears
56. The lines of force that form a path around a crack in a c. surface checking
d. nonmetallic inclusions
ring magnet are called: A.77

a. magnetic lines
b. leakage flux 62. A large forging is repaired by welding. Magnetic
c. field strength particle inspection of the repair weld reveals an
d. longitudinal field irregular indication running parallel with the weld
B.30.3 passes. It is located in the center of the bead and

57. Since the magnetic lines of force within a bar magnet

run the length of the bar, it is said to be:
starts and ends by turning off slightly from the axial
direction. This indication is indicative of: I
a. inclusions
b. crater cracks
a. randomly magnetized
c. weld shrinkage cracks
b. permanently magnetized
d. surface checking
c. circularly magnetized A.441
d. longitudinally magnetized
B.30.3
63. What wattage is most commonly used for mercury
58. Lines of flux are thought to leave a magnet at: vapor bulbs for portable fluorescent magnetic particle
inspection?
a. the north pole
a. 200 W
b. the south pole
b.50W
c. both north and south poles
d. none of the above c. 100 W
A.133 d.75W
A.297

22

I
 Magnetic Particle Testing Method, LH£' Il
66. In magnetic particle inspection, it is best to:
64. An example of a nonrelevant indication classified as a
magnetic irregularity rather than an actual a. reinspect all questionable discontinuities to assure
discontinuity could be caused by: that no defective parts are accepted
b. make sure that parts meet specified acceptance

I
a. a slag pocket criteria
b. grinding cracks c. make certain that parts are better than specified and
c. an abrupt change in the hardness of part contain no discontinuities at all
d. none of the above
A.73,391 d. reinspect questionable parts utilizing another NDT
method
A.416
65. The detection of deep-lying defects in heavy
weldments (6 to 51 mm [0.25 to 2 in.] below surface)
is:

a. very similar to the detection of surface cracks

b. not difficult if the defect is attributable to fine
porosity
c. simple if the defect's width can be approximated
d. very improbable A.375

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