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Design of Suspension Bridge
Design of Suspension Bridge
SUSPENSIO
N BRIDGE
(WALK
THROUGH)
CONSIDERING
THE
FOLLOWING
DATA
1.
Width of river =
190 m2.
No. of Tower to
be Provided= 23.
Centre span = 95
m4.
Live load = 5
kN/m
2
7.
Material
available: M30
grade Concrete&
HTS wire or bar
of diameter =
15.2 mm8.
Allowable stress
in HTS wire or
bar of diameter
15.2 mm = 1000
N/mm
2
9.
22
Height of tower
from deck h = 32
mDip of main
cable of center
(mid span) =16
mLoad
calculation: -
Assume thickness
of slab =
300mmSelf wt.
of slab =
×25
=7.5
/
2
Total Load on
Deck = w =7.5 +
5.0 = 12.5
kN
/m
2
UDL on one side
=
12.5 ×
.
=22.5
kN/m
≈ 25
kN/mDiameter of
High Tensile
steel hanger
Cable = 50
mmWeight of
one Hang Cable
=
×()
×()
× 32 × 78.5
= 4.93 KN ≈ 5
kN/mEquivalent
UDL of hang
cable =
.
=2
kN/m
∴
Total Load on
each side w
= 22.5 + 2 = 24.5
≈ 25
kN/mH
A
= Horizontal
component of
tension in the
cable =
×
×
=
×
×
H
A
= 1762.7
kNVertical
reaction on the
TowerV
A
=
=
×
= 1187.5 kNRes
ultant Reaction
R
A
= T = Tension
into the CableT =
T
max
=
+
=
√ 1762.7
+1187.5
= 2125.38 ≈
2125.4
kNAxial
compressive
force from cable
P
1
= Tsin
Θ
1
From mid span
on Tower
= 2125.4 ×
sin33.97°=
kN= 1187.5 kN
Θ
2
= Inclination of
cable at support
(Towards end
span)= Tan
-1
(
) = Tan
-1
(
×
)
Θ
2
= 9.56°
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23
Compressive
force on the cable
from end span
side, P
2
=Ts
inΘ
2
=2125.4 ×
sin9.56°=353
kNFor the worst
case, Total
Compressive
ForceP = P
1
+P
2
(P
1
=P
2
= 1187.5)=
1187.5 + 1187.5=
2375
kNHorizontal
pull on the Tower
(pier)= H = T
max
(cosΘ
1
cosΘ
2
)=2125.4(-
cos33.97° +
cos30.52°)= 68.3
kN
≈
70 kN
DESIGN: -
1.
Design of Main
Cables: -Length
of main cable in
midspan
∴
L
1
=l+
×
= 95 +
×
= 95 + 7.19
= 102.21 m
≈
105 mLength of
main cable in end
span
∴
L
2=
×(2+
×
)
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24
∴
L
2=
×(2×47.
5×
×
×
.
)
= 48 m ≈ 50 m
∴
Total Length of
main cableL = L
1
+2×L
2
= 105 + 2 × 50=
205 mTotal
Tension in the
Cable = 2125.4
kN = TDiameter
of HTS wire/bar
available = 15.22
mm
∴
Allowable stress
in HTS = 1200
N/mm
2
Force in each
HTS wire =
× (15.2)
2
×
= 181.46 × 1.0T
1
= 181.46 kN No.
of 15.2 HTS wire
required =
=
.
.
= 11.71 ≈ 12
∴
Strands
comprises 12 no.
of 15.2 mm wires
can be used in the
main cable.
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25
2 Design of
Hanger Cable
: -Self wt. of
Hang Cable =
5kNLoad due to
DL + LL = 25
×2.5 = 62.5 kN
∴
Total Load
(Tension) = 5 +
62.5 = 67.5
kNStrength of
15.2 mm dia
HTS with 1000
N/mm
2
stress=
×(.)
×
×
=1887.7 kN >
67.5 kNHence
SAFEProvide
15.2 mm
diameter strand at
2.5m c/c
throughout length
of Suspension
bridge.
3 Design of
Tower
Height of power
= 32 mAssumed
o/s dimensions =
2.4 m × 1.2 m =
2304
kNCompressive
force on
pylondue to cable
= 2375 kNTotal
Compressive load
= 4679 kN
≈ 4680
kNHorizontal
force at tip of
pylon = 70 kN
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26
BM at bottom =
70 × 32 = 2240
KNm
∴
pylon will
Designed to resist
axial load and
biaxial BM,P =
4680 kNM
x
= 2240 kNM
u
=
× 4680 = 93.6
kNm
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27
P
a
= 1.5 P = 1.5
× 4680 = 7020
kNM
xu
= 1.5 M
x
=1.5 × 2240 =
3360 kNmM
yu
= 1.5 M
y
= 1.5 × 93.5 =
140.4 kNm
∴
P
a
= 7020 kN
∴
M
xu
=3360 kNm
∴
M
yu
=140.4 kNmC/S
Area of column
= 2400 × 1200 =
2.88 ×10
6
= 2.88 m
2
Assume Steel =
0.8%=
.
× 1200 ×
2400=23040 mm
2
=0.830=
0.0027
××
=
×
×
×
= 0.08125Using
chart (43) of SP-
16
= 0.08
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28
′
=
= 0.042 ≈ 0.05
∴
= 0.08
∴
= 0.08 ×
=
.
× ×
×
= 16588.8
KNmMoment
Capacity along
shortest
dimension:
′
=
= 0.067 ≈ 0.05
Using the chart
(43) sp-16
= 0.08M
u
y
1
= 0.08 ×
=
.
× ×
×
= 8249.4KNmA
c
=A
g
–
A
sc
= 1200 × 2400 -
23040= 2856960
mm
2
P
uz
= 0.45 f
ck
A
c
+ 0.75 f
y
A
sc
=(0.45 × 30 ×
2856960 + 0.75
× 415 ×
23040)=45740.16
KN
=
.
= 0.1535
∴
Since
= 0.1353 < 0.2
α is taken as 1 i.e.
α
= 1.
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29
∴
+
≤ 1;
∴(
.
) +(
.
.
)
≤ 1;
∴
0.2026 +0.017 ≤
1;
∴
0.2 ≤ 1 ;
Hence SAFE
∴
No. of 32 mm of
bars Required=
×()
=
.
= 28.65
≈
32 No.Fig.
Cross
of Tower showi
ng
reinforcement d
etails
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30
CONCLUSI
ONS:
Suspension
bridge has been
designed for a
river of width
190 m. Two
Towers are
providedwith
central main span
of 95m and end
spans each of
47.5 m. Tower
Design has been
carriedout using
limit state
method as per the
specifications
given in the Code
IS: 456-2000 and
SP-16. Main
cable and steel
suspenders are
designed
considering
allowable stresses
which
areapplicable to
High Tensile
steel used in pre-
stressed concrete.
Design details are
incorporatedin
the Project report.
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31
REFERENC
ES:
1.
IS: 456-
2000, “Indian
Standard Plain
and Reinforced
Concrete Code of
Practice”,
Bureau of Indian
Standards, New
Delhi2.
SP:16(6)-
1980, “Design
Aids for
Reinforced
Concrete to IS:
456-
1978”, Bureau of
Indian Standards,
New Delhi3.
P.C. Vergese
, “Limit State
Design of
Reinforced
Concrete”, PHI
Publications,
New
Delhi4.
N Krishna Raju,
Design of
Reinforced Concr
ete
Structures, CBS
Publishers New
Delhi5.
C.S. Reddy
, “Basic
Structural
Analysis”, Tata
M
ec Graw Hill
Publications,
New Delhi
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