Aklan State University College of Fisheries and Marine Science

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Victimization within peer and dating relationships is a public health

concern that impacts many adolescents and leads to an array of negative health

outcomes. Peer victimization includes experiencing physical, verbal, or cyber

forms of aggression that are unwanted and perpetrated by a peer or a group of

peers. Forms of victimization also may occur within current or previous dating

relationships, referred to as dating violence. Victimization in these contexts can

increase the risk for physical injury, negative mental health symptoms, academic

difficulties, self-harm, and suicide.

According to Kosciw et al., 2011 Dating violence and peer victimization are

an even greater public health concern for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender,

and questioning or queer (LGBTQ) adolescents because researchers have found

that LGBTQ adolescents experience higher rates of victimization compared with

non-LGBTQ youth. Hate crimes and bullying against youth who identify as

lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB)have received much attention in the media

(King, 2013) and in the research literature, with studies consistently finding

higher levels of interpersonal violence among LGB than heterosexual youth.

Although important, such attention masks the fact that youth who are vulnerable
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to violence from others may be at increased vulnerability for experiencing and

perpetrating violence among themselves, particularly in their dating relationships.

The goal of this study is to explore the Effects of dating violence

experiences of LGBTQ youth compare those of heterosexual youth, by

examining variations in the prevalence of physical, psychological, sexual abuse

among both populations. We also compare the rates of both teen dating

victimization and perpetration among females, males and transgender youth.

Lastly, we examine how often LGB victims of dating violence seek help for their

experiences, in comparison to heterosexual victims, and whether any particular

risk factors (e.g., poor school performance, drug use, delinquency) distinguish

the two groups of dating violence victims.

Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted to determine the effects of Peer Victimization

and Dating Violence Among LGBTQ Youth. Specifically, this study sought to

answer the following questions:

1. What is the socio-demographic profile of respondents in terms of;

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

1.3 course
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2. What are the effects of Peer Victimization and Dating Violence among

LGBTQ youth considering;

2.1 mental health outcomes;

2.2 social well-being, and

2.3 academic performance?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the socio-demographic profile of

respondents on the Effects of Peer Victimization and Dating Violence

Against LGBTQ Youth?

Hypothesis of the Study

On the forgoing statement of the problem the researchers would like

advance their null hypothesis of the study.

There is no significant relationship between the socio-demographic profile

of respondents on the Effects of Peer Victimization and Dating Violence Against

LGBTQ Youth.

Theoretical Framework

This study will be anchored to the Minority Stress Theory proposed by Meyer

(2003). This theory posits that individuals from marginalized or minority groups,

such as LGBTQ individuals, experience excess stress due to social prejudice,

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discrimination, and stigma, which can lead to adverse mental and physical health

outcomes.

This theory provides a valuable framework for understanding the

mechanisms through which peer victimization and dating violence impact the

well-being of LGBTQ youth, highlighting the role of societal discrimination and

stigma in exacerbating these negative effects.

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework outlines the relationship between the

independent variables (socio-demographic profile) and the dependent variable

(effects of peer victimization and dating violence) and aims to explore the

potential significance of this relationship through quantitative analysis.

The socio-demographic profile of respondents (age, sex, and year level)

will be analyzed to determine its relationship with the effects of peer victimization

and dating violence among LGBTQ youth.

The effects of peer victimization and dating violence will be measured

based on various factors such as mental health outcomes, social well-being, and

academic performance among LGBTQ youth.

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Research Paradigm

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Socio-demographic profile
of the respondents Effects of peer victimization

 Sex, and dating violence

 Age, considering:

 Civil Status 1. mental health outcomes

 Educational 2. social well-being, and

Attainment 3. academic performance

 Occupation

Figure 1. A schematic diagram showing the relationship between independent

variable and dependent variable.

Significance of the Study

The result of the study is deemed beneficial to the following;

LGBTQ Community. This study will provide valuable insights into the

experiences of peer victimization and dating violence among LGBTQ youth,

shedding light on the challenges they face within their communities.

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Findings from the research can inform LGBTQ support groups, advocacy

organizations, and community leaders about the specific needs and

vulnerabilities of LGBTQ youth, facilitating the development of targeted

interventions and support services.

Parents. Parents play a crucial role in supporting and protecting their

children, including those who identify as LGBTQ. Understanding the effects of

peer victimization and dating violence on LGBTQ youth can equip parents with

the knowledge and resources to better advocate for their children's safety and

well-being.

The study findings can also guide parents in fostering open

communication and providing appropriate support to LGBTQ youth who may

experience discrimination or violence in their peer relationships or dating

experiences.

Government Sector. Policymakers and government agencies responsible

for youth welfare can use the research findings to inform the development of

policies, programs, and initiatives aimed at addressing peer victimization and

dating violence among LGBTQ youth.

By understanding the specific challenges faced by LGBTQ youth,

policymakers can work towards implementing inclusive and comprehensive anti-

bullying measures, LGBTQ-inclusive sex education curricula, and support

services within schools and communities.

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Education Sector. Schools are critical settings where peer victimization

and dating violence can occur. Educators and school administrators can benefit

from this research by gaining insights into the prevalence and effects of such

behaviors among LGBTQ youth.

The findings can inform the implementation of anti-bullying policies,

LGBTQ-inclusive education and support programs, and staff training initiatives to

create safer and more inclusive school environments for all students, regardless

of sexual orientation or gender identity.

Future Researchers. This study will contribute to the existing body of literature

on LGBTQ youth experiences by providing empirical evidence on the effects of

peer victimization and dating violence.

This can also build upon the findings of this study to delve deeper into

specific aspects of LGBTQ youth well-being, explore potential protective factors,

and evaluate the long-term impacts of interventions aimed at reducing peer

victimization and dating violence within this population.

Scope and Delimitations

The study will focus on LGBTQ youth enrolled at Aklan State University

New Washington Campus in the Philippines. The respondents will consist of

students from various academic programs and departments.

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The study will employ a descriptive quantitative research design to

analyze the effects of peer victimization and dating violence among LGBTQ

youth.

Data collection will involve surveying respondents using structured

questionnaires to gather information on socio-demographic profiles, experiences

of peer victimization, and dating violence.

Statistical analysis will utilize chi-square tests, means, frequency counts,

and percentages to examine relationships between variables and describe the

socio-demographic profile of respondents.

The findings of the study may not be generalizable beyond the specific

population of LGBTQ youth at Aklan State University New Washington Campus.

The results may not fully represent the experiences of LGBTQ youth in other

geographical locations or educational settings.

Definition of Terms

For better comprehension, the variables were conceptually defined and

operationalized according to how they were used in the study.

LGBTQ. LGBTQ is an acronym that stands for "lesbian, gay, bisexual,

transgender and queer (or "questioning"). It's for people who aren't heterosexual.

It's also for people who don't identify with the sex they were assigned at birth.
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Let's go through each letter to learn about those in the LGBTQ community (2024

Willis-Knighton Health System).

In this study the term "LGBTQ" refers to those participants to answer the

survey questionnaire, also they are the topic of this study which are very

vulnerable in peer victimization and subject in dating Violence.

Peer. he people who are approximately the same age as you and come

from a similar social group (Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024).

In this study, peer refers to those people with the same age that becomes which

will be subject in victimization and violence of their same age.

Victimization. the act of victimizing someone treating them unfairly

(Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024).

In this study refers to someone becomes victim of harassment, violence

and harm.

Lesbian. "L" is for "lesbian." A lesbian is a woman who is attracted to

other women. Some of these women may prefer to identify as "gay," or as "gay

women."(2024 Willis-Knighton Health System).

In this study, the term "Lesbian" means that those women who become

attracted with another women, or having relationship with other woman is called

Lesbian.

Gay. of, relating to, or being a person who is sexually or romantically

attracted to people of their own sex or gender (2023 Dictionary.com, LLC).

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In this study means that a person with the same sex is attracted with their

same sexes, Man to man, and women to a woman.

Bisexual. “B" is for "bisexual" (or "bi"). These people can feel attracted to

both men and women. The type of people they're attracted to may change over

time (2024 Willis-Knighton Health System)

In this study means those people who are attracted with both sexes,

example is Man to man or women, and woman to woman and woman to man.

Transgender. "T" is for "transgender." These are people who feel the sex

they were assigned at birth doesn't match the gender they feel they truly are

inside (2024 Willis-Knighton Health System).

In this study, transgender means those people didn't accept the sex given

to them from birth, they change their sexes according to what they want.

Queer. is a word that describes sexual and gender identities other than

straight and cisgender. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people may all

identify with the word queer. (2024 Willis-Knighton Health System).

In this study, the word "Queer" refers to those people with other sexual

and gender identities rather than man and Woman.