Learning Area: Algebra

Chapter

3 Systems of Equations

1 (a) x+y+z =3 ….① Substitute x = 1 into ④:

2x + y − z = 3 ….② 1−y=2
x + 2y + 3z = 6 ….③ y = −1
① + ②: 3x + 2y = 6 ….④ Substitute x = 1 and y = –1 into ①:
① × 3: 3x + 3y + 3z = 9 ….⑤ 2x + y + z = 2
⑤ – ③: 2x + y = 3 ….⑥ 2(1) − 1 + z = 2
⑥ × 2: 4x + 2y = 6 ….⑦ z=1
④ – ⑦: −x = 0 Multiply equation ⑥ (b) x + 2y = z + 2
with 2 to eliminate
∴x=0 the variable y. x + 2y – z = 2 ….①
Substitute x = 0 into ④: 2x – z = 1 – y
3(0) + 2y = 6 2x + y − z = 1 ….②
y=3 2y + 3z = 14 – x
Substitute x = 0 and y = 3 into ①: x + 2y + 3z = 14 ….③
0+3+z=3 ① – ②: −x + y = 1 ….④
z=0 ① × 3: 3x + 6y − 3z = 6 ….⑤
(b) x + y + 2z = 3 ….① ⑤ + ③: x + 2y = 5 ….⑥
2x + y − z = 5 ….② ④ + ⑥: 3y = 6 To eliminate z
3x + 2y + 5z = 8 ….③ y=2
① – ②: −x + 3z = −2 ….④ Substitute y = 2 into ⑥:
② × 2: 4x + 2y − 2z = 10 ….⑤ x + 2(2) = 5
⑤ – ③: x – 7z = 2 ….⑥ x=1
④ + ⑥: –4z = 0 To eliminate y Substitute x = 1 and y = 2 into ①:
∴z=0 1+ 2(2) − z = 2
Substitute z = 0 into ④: z=3
−x + 3(0) = −2
x =2 x y
3 + +z=1
Substitute x = 2 and x = 0 into ①: 3 6
2 + y + 2(0) = 3 2x + y + 6z = 6 ….①
y=1 11 To eliminate
x+y+z= fractions
3
2 (a) 2x + y = 2 – z 3x + 3y + 6z = 11 ….②
2x + y + z = 2 ….① 3x + 2y = 7 ….③
x + z = −2y ① – ②: –x – 2y = –5 ….④ To eliminate z
x + 2y + z = 0 ….② ④ + ③: 2x = 2
3y + 3z = 1 – x x=1
x + 3y + 3z = 1 ….③ Substitute x = 1 into ④: −1− 2y = −5
① – ②: x – y = 2 ….④ –2y = –4
① × 3: 6x + 3y + 3z = 6 ….⑤ y=2
⑤ – ③: x = 1
To eliminate z

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 Substitute x = 1 and y = 2 into ①: 6 The simultaneous linear equations are:
2x + y + 6z = 6 500x + 100y + 200z = 1 786 ….①
2(1) + 2 + 6z = 6 100x + 200y + 500z = 1 810 ….②
6z = 2 100x + 600y + 400z = 2 592 ….③
1 ② – ③: −400y + 100z = −782 ….④
z=
3

To eliminate x
4 The simultaneous linear equations are:
3x + 2y + 2z = 256 ….① ② × 5: 500x + 1 000y + 2 500z = 9 050 ….⑤
4x + y + 2z = 218 ….② ① – ⑤: −900y − 2 300z = −7264 ….⑥

Chapter
2x + y + 3z = 173 ….③ ④ × 23: −9 200y + 2 300z = −17 986 ….⑦
① – ②: −x + y = 38 ….④ ⑦ + ⑥: −10 100y = −25 250
① × 3: 9x + 6y + 6z = 768 ….⑤ To eliminate z ∴ y = 2.50

3
③ × 2: 4x + 2y + 6z = 346 ….⑥
Substitute y = 2.50 into ⑥:

Form 4
⑤ – ⑥: 5x + 4y = 422 ….⑦
−900(2.5) − 2 300z = −7264
④ × 4: −4x + 4y = 152 ….⑧
–2 300z = –5014
⑧ – ⑦: −9x = −270 To eliminate y
z = 2.18
x = 30
Substitute y = 2.50 and z = 2.18 into ①:
Substitute x = 30 into ⑦:
500x +100(250) + 200(2.18) = 1 786
5(30) + 4y = 422
500x = 1 100
y = 68
x = 2.20
Substitute x = 30 and y = 68 into ①:
Hence, the prices of RON95, RON97 and
3(30) + 2(68) + 2z = 256
diesel are RM2.20, RM2.50 and RM2.18
2z = 30
respectively.
z = 15
Hence, the prices of shirts, pants and neckties 7 The simultaneous linear equations are:
are RM30, RM68 and RM15 respectively. 5x + 2y + 3z = 23.60 ….①
3x + y + 2z = 14.20 ….②
5 The simultaneous linear equations are: x + 3z = 4y
3x + 2y + 5z = 267 ….① ⇒ x − 4y + 3z = 0 ….③
2x + 3y + z = 145 ….②
① – ③: 4x + 6y = 23.60 ….④
x + 5y + 4z = 230 ….③
① × 2: 10x + 4y + 6z = 47.20 ….⑤
② × 5: 10x + 15y + 5z = 725 ….④ ② × 3: 9x + 3y + 6z = 42.60 ….⑥
① – ④: −7x − 13y = −458 ….⑤ ⑤ – ⑥: x + y = 4.60 ….⑦
② × 4: 8x + 12y + 4z = 580 ….⑥ ⑤ × 4: 4x + 4y = 18.40 ….⑧
⑥ – ③: 7x + 7y = 350 ….⑦
④ – ⑧: 2y = 5.20 To eliminate x
⑤ + ⑦: −6y = −108 To eliminate x
∴ y = 2.60 To eliminate z
y = 18 To eliminate z
Substitute y = 2.60 into ⑦:
Substitute y = 18 into ⑤:
x + 2.60 = 4.60
−7x −13(18) = −458
x = 2.00
−7x = −224
x = 32 Substitute x = 2.00 and y = 2.60 into ①:
5(2.00) + 2(2.60) + 3z = 23.60
Substitute x = 32 and y = 18 into ①:
3z = 8.4
3(32) + 2(18) + 5z = 267
z = 2.80
5z = 135
z = 27 Hence, the prices of a cup of coffee, a cup of
Milo and a glass of orange juice are
Hence, the prices of a Mathematics book, a
RM2.00, RM2.60 and RM2.80 respectively.
Bahasa Melayu book and an English book
are RM32, RM18 and RM27 respectively.

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 8 x2 + 2y = 2x + 2y = 6 2
Substitute x = and x = 3 into ③:
2x + 2y = 6 3
2
x+y=3 ….① Linear equation
2
10 – 3
3  
x2 + 2y = 6 ….② Non-linear equation When x = , y =
3 3
=4
From ①: y = 3 − x ….③ Make y the subject
of the fomula
Substitute ③ into ②: 10 – 3(3)
When x = 3, y =
x2 + 2(3 − x) = 6 2
x2 + 6 − 2x = 6 1
=
x2 − 2x = 0 2
Form 4

x(x − 2) = 0 2
Hence, the solutions are x = , y = 4 or
x = 0 or 2 3
1
3

Substitute x = 0 and x = 2 into ③: x = 3, y = .

2
Chapter

When x = 0 , y = 3 − 0
=3 10 x + y + 2 = 0 ….①
When x = 2 , y = 3 − 2 2 5
=1 – =6 ….②
x y
Hence, the solutions are x = 0, y = 3 or From ①: y = −x − 2 ….③
x = 2, y = 1.
Eliminate fractions in ②:
Make y the subject
6 4 2 5 of the fomula
9 + = 3x + 2y = 10 – =6
x y x y
2y – 5x
3x + 2y = 10 ….① Linear equation
=6
6 4 xy
+ = 10 ….② Non-linear equation
2y − 5x = 6xy
x y
2y − 5x − 6xy = 0 ….④
From ①:
2y = 10 − 3x Substitute ③ into ④:
10 – 3x 2(−x − 2) − 5x − 6x(−x − 2) =0
y= ….③ Make y the subject −2x − 4 − 5x + 6x2 + 12x =0
2 of the fomula
6x2 + 5x − 4 =0 Solve by
factorisation
Eliminate fractions in ②: (2x −1)(3x + 4) =0
6 4 1 4
+ = 10 x= or –
x y 2 3
6y + 4x 1 4
= 10 Substitute x = and x = – into ③:
xy 2 3
6y + 4x = 10xy 1 1
When x = , y = – – 2
3y + 2x = 5xy 2 2
3y + 2x − 5xy = 0 ….④ 1
= –2
Substitute ③ into ④: 2
1 1 –
3
10 – 3x
 2 
+ 2x – 5x
10 – 3x
2 =0 Multiplied
throughout
When x = –1 , y = – –1
3 3
2 
3(10 − 3x) + 4x − 5x(10 − 3x) = 0 by 2 to 2
=–
30 − 9x + 4x − 50x + 15x2 = 0
eliminate
fractions.
3
15x2 − 55x + 30 = 0 1 1
Hence, the solutions are x = , y = –2
3x2 − 11x + 6 = 0 2 2
1 2
(3x − 2)(x − 3) = 0 or x = –1 , y = – .
3 3
2
x= or 3
3
Solve by
factorisation

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 11 3x + 2y = 10 ….① Eliminate fractions from ②:
3 2 y 3
+ =5 ….② 2x + + 1 =
x y 2 x
4x + y + 2 3
From ①: =
2 x
2y = 10 − 3x 4x2 + xy + 2x = 6
10 – 3x Make y the subject
y= ….③ of the fomula 4x2 + xy + 2x – 6 = 0
2
Substitute ③ into ④:
Eliminate fraction in ②: 5 – 2x
3
+
2
=5
4x2 + x 3 
+ 2x − 6 = 0

Chapter
x y 12x + x(5− 2x) + 6x − 18 = 0
2 Multiply by 3 to
eliminate fraction
3y + 2x 12x + 5x − 2x + 6x − 18 = 0
2 2
=5 10x2 + 11x − 18 = 0
xy

3
3y + 2x = 5xy (10x − 9)(x + 2) = 0

Form 4
3y + 2x − 5xy = 0 ….④ x = 9 or –2
Substitute ③ into ④: 10
10 – 3x 10 – 3x 9 and x = –2 into ③:
Substitute x=
3 2 
+ 2x – 5x
2 =0  10
9
3(10 − 3x) + 4x − 5x(10 − 3x) = 0
30 − 9x + 4x − 50x + 15x2 = 0 9 ,y=
5–2  
10
When x =
15x2 − 55x + 30 = 0 10 3
3x2 − 11x + 6 = 0 =1 1
(3x − 2)(x − 3) = 0 15
5 – 2(–2)
2 When x = –2 , y =
x = or 3 3
3 =3
2
Substitute x =
3
and x = 3 into ③: Hence, the solutions are x = 9 , y = 1 1
10 15
2 or x = –2, y = 3.
2
10 – 3
3  
When x = , y =
3 3 13 P = Q = R
=4 2x + 1 = 4x + y = x2 – 2xy + 3y – x
10 – 3(3)
When x = 3, y =
2 P=Q Make y the subject
of the fomula
1 2x + 1 = 4x + y
=
2 y = 1 – 2x ….① Linear equation
2
Hence, the solutions are x = , y = 4 Q=R
3
1 4x + y = x2 − 2xy + 3y − x
or x = 3, y = . x2 − 2xy + 2y − 5x = 0 ….②
2
Non-linear equation
Substitute ① into ②:
12 2x + 3y = 5 ….① x2 − 2x(1 − 2x) + 2(1− 2x) − 5x = 0
y 3 x2 − 2x + 4x2 + 2 − 4x − 5x = 0
2x + + 1 = x ….②
2 5x2 − 11x + 2 = 0
(5x − 1)(x − 2) = 0
From ①:
1
3y = 5 − 2x x = or 2
5
5 – 2x Make y the subject
y= ….③ of the fomula
3

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 1 Substitute x = –3 into ③:
Substitute x = and x = 2 into ①: y = –3(–3) – 4
5
1 1
When x = , y = 1 – 2
5 5   =5

3 Hence, the solutions are:

= 2
5 x = , y = –6 or
3
When x = 2, y = 1− 2(2)
x = –3, y = 5.
= −3
Hence, the solutions are: 16 3x + y = 2 ….①
1 3 x2 + 2y2 + xy = 4 ….②
x = , y = or
Form 4

5 5 Make y the subject

From ①: y = 2 – 3x ….③ of the fomula
x = 2, y = –3.
Substitute ③ into ②:
3

14 m − 2n = −1 ….① x2 + 2(2 −3x)2 + x(2 − 3x) = 4

Chapter

mn + n − 3m = 0 ….② x + 2(4 − 12x + 9x2) + 2x − 3x2 − 4 = 0

2
Make m the
From ①: m = 2n − 1 ….③ subject of
x2 + 8 − 24x + 18x2 + 2x − 3x2 − 4 = 0
the fomula 16x2 − 22x + 4 = 0
Substitute ③ into ②: 8x2 − 11x + 2 = 0
n(2n −1) + n − 3(2n −1) = 0
–(–11) ± √(–11) – 4(8)(2)
2
Use the quadratic
2n2 − n + n − 6n + 3 = 0 x=
2(8) formula
2n2 − 6n + 3 = 0
11 ± √57
–(−6) ± √(−6)2 − 4(2)(3) Use the quadratic x=
n= formula 2
2(2) x = 1.159 or 0.216
6 ± √12
n= Substitute x = 1.159 into ③:
4 y = 2 − 3(1.159)
= 2.366 or 0.634 = −1.477
Substitute n = 2.366 and n = 0.634 into ③: Substitute x = 0.216 into ③:
When n = 2.366, m = 2(2.366) − 1 y = 2 −3(0.216)
= 3.732 = 1.352
When n = 0.634, m = 2(0.634) − 1
= 0.268 Hence, the solutions are:
x = 1.159, y = −1.477 or
Hence, the solutions are: x = 0.216, y = 1.352 (3 decimal places)
m = 3.732, n = 2.366 or
m = 0.268, n = 0.634. 17 y cm
A F
15 3x + y + 4 = 0 ….① 10x cm 10x cm
xy + 40 = y 2 ….②
B 12x cm E
Make y the subject
From ①: y = −3x − 4 ….③ of the fomula
10x cm 10x cm
Substitute ③ into ②:
C D
x(−3x − 4) + 40 = (−3x − 4)2 y cm
−3x2 − 4x + 40 = 9x2 + 24x +16 Perimeter = 48 cm
9x2 + 3x2 + 24x + 4x + 16 − 40 = 0 10x + 10x + y + 10x + 10x + y = 48
12x2 + 28x − 24 = 0 40x + 2y = 48
3x2 + 7x − 6 = 0 20x + y = 24
Solve by factorisation y = 24 − 20x….①
(3x – 2)(x + 3) = 0 Area of polygon = 144 cm2
2 Area of ΔABC + Area of ACDF + Area of
x = or –3 ΔFED = 144 cm2
3
2 1 1
Substitute x = into ③:
3
2 
× 12x × 8x + 12xy +
2 
× 12x × 8x = 144 
2 48x2 + 12xy + 48x2 = 144
y = –3
3 –4
96x2 + 12xy = 144
= –6 8x2 + xy = 12 ….②
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 Substitute ① into ②: 19 K L
8x2 + x(24 − 20x) = 12
8x2 + 24x − 20x2 − 12 = 0
7x cm P
−12x2 + 24x − 12 = 0 Divided
x2 − 2x + 1 = 0 throughout
by –12.
(x − 1)(x −1) = 0 N 10y cm M
x=1
From ①, when x = 1 , Area of the rectangle KLMN = 420 cm2
y = 24 − 20(1) (7x)(10y) = 420
=4 xy = 6

Chapter
6
18 U
y= x ….①
Perimeter of the cardboard left is 96 cm.

3
S
Length of arc KPN + KL + LM + MN = 96
T

Form 4
R πr + 10y + 7x + 10y = 96
22 1
P 4x cm Q
3x cm
 7 2 
× × 7x + 7x + 20y = 96
11x + 7x + 20y = 96
Sum of all the edges = 66 cm 18x + 20y = 96
2(4x + 3x + 5x) + 3y = 66 9x +10y = 48 ….②
24x + 3y = 66
Substitute ① into ②:
8x + y = 22
6
y = 22 − 8x ….① 9x2 + 10  
x
= 48
Total surface area = 192 cm 2
9x2 + 60 = 48x Multiplied throughout by
(2 × Area of ΔPQR) + Area of PQTS + 9x2 − 48x + 60 = 0 x to eliminate fraction.
Area of TURQ + Area of PSUR = 192 3x − 16x + 20 = 0
2

12x2 + 12xy = 192 (3x −10)(x − 2) = 0

x2 + xy = 16 ….② 10
x= or 2
Substitute ① into ②: 3
x2 + x(22 − 8x) = 16 10
x= is not accepted because the question
x2 + 22x − 8x2 −16 = 0 3
−7x2 + 22x − 16 = 0 states that x is an integer.
7x2 − 22x + 16 = 0 ∴x=2
(7x − 8)(x − 2) = 0 From ①:
8 6
x = or 2 When x = 2, y =
7 2
From ①: =3
8
When x =
7 20 60 m
1
=1
7 20 m Rose
1
y = 22 – 8 1
7   xm

6 Cactus
= 12
7
From ①: ym
When x = 2, Area planted with roses = 1 840 m2
y = 22 − 8(2) 60x − (x − 20)(60 − y) = 1 840
=6 60x − (60x − xy − 1 200 + 20y) = 1 840
xy + 1 200 − 20y − 1 840 = 0
xy − 20y − 640 = 0 ….①

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 Perimeter of the area planted with cactuses 329 is not accepted.
is 96 m. x=–
51
2(60 − y) + 2(x −20) = 96 ∴x=7
120 − 2y + 2x − 40 = 96
From ②:
2x − 2y − 16 = 0 Divided throughout
When x = 7,
x−y−8=0 by 2.
y = 2π(7) – 4
x = y + 8 ….②
22
Substitute ② into ①: =2× ×7–4
7
y(y + 8) − 20y − 640 =0 = 40
y2 + 8y − 20y − 640 =0
Form 4

Hence, the volume of the cylinder

y2 − 12y − 640 =0
22
(y −32)(y + 20) =0 πx2y = × 72 × 40
7
3

y = 32 or –20
= 6 160 cm3
y = −20 is not accepted.
Chapter

∴ y = 32 22
From ②, when y = 32, x = 32 + 8
(2x + 3) m
= 40 xm

21
(x + y) m

Perimeter = 30 m
y cm x + (x + y) + 2x + 3 = 30
4x + y = 27
y = 27 – 4x ….①
x cm x + (x + y) = (2x + 3)
2 2 2

x2 + x2 + 2xy + y2 = 4x2 + 12x + 9

Total surface area = 658π cm2 2x2 − y2 − 2xy + 12x + 9 = 0 ….②
Area of the bottom circular surface + Area Substitute ① into ②:
of the top circular surface + Area of the 2x2 − (27−4x)2 − 2x(27 − 4x) + 12x + 9 = 0
curved surface = 658π 2x2 − (729 − 216x + 16x2) − 54x + 8x2 + 12x + 9 = 0
Divided throughout
πx2 + πx2 + 2πxy = 658π by π. 2x2 − 729 + 216x − 16x2 − 54x + 8x2 + 12x + 9 = 0
2πx + 2πxy = 658π
2
−6x2 + 174x − 720 = 0
2x2 + 2xy = 658 Use factorisation 6x
6 2 − 174x + 720 = 0
x2 + xy = 329 ….① (x – 24)(x – 5) = 0
Circumference of the circular base – x = 24 or 5
Height = 4 cm x = 24 is not accepted.
2πx − y = 4 ∴x=5
y = 2πx − 4 ….② Substitute x = 5 into ①:
Substitute ② into ①: y = 27 – 4(5)
x2 + x(2πx −4) = 329 =7

22 Length of each side:


x2 + 2 ×
7 
× x2 − 4x = 329 Multiply
throughout by x = 5 cm
7 to eliminate x+y=5+7
7x2 + 44x2 − 28x = 2 303 fraction
= 12 cm
51x2 − 28x − 2 303 = 0
2x + 3 = 2(5) + 3
28 ± √(–28)2 – 4(51)(–2 303) = 13 cm
x=
2(51) Use the quadratic
28 ± 686 formula
x=
2(51)
329
x = 7 or –
51

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 23 P 12y m Q From ②:
4
7x m 4
10 – 3
3  
T When x = , y =
14x m 3 2
7x m =3
S 10y cm R 10 – 3(2)
When x = 2, y =
2
Area of PQRS = 672 m2 =2
12y × 14x = 672 Not accepted because the condition of
168xy = 672 PQ > PS is not satisfied.

Chapter
xy = 4 ….①
Perimeter of PQRST = 120 m 4
Hence, x = and y = 3.
Perimeter of semicircle + PQ + QR + RS = 120 3

3
22 Volume of water = 123.2 cm3
× 7x + 12y + 14x + 12y = 120

Form 4
4 2
7
36x + 24y = 120
1 22
2
×
7
 
× 7 × 3 d = 123.2
3x + 2y = 10 1 232
d = 123.2
9
y = 10 – 3x ….② d = 0.9
2
Make y the subject Hence, the depth of water is 0.9 m.
Substitute ② into ①: of the fomula
10 – 3x x = 4
 2 
10x − 3x2 = 8
3x2 − 10x + 8 = 0
(3x – 4)(x – 2) = 0 Use factorisation

4
x = or 2
3

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