Learning Area: Geometry

Chapter

7 Coordinate Geometry

1 C(5, 3) –10 + 3k
=7
P
5
1
–10 + 3k = 35
2
3k = 45
k = 15
D(–4, –3) Hence, the coordinates of point B are
(10, 15).
P = 1(–4) + 2(5) , 1(–3) + 2(3)
 
1+2 1+2 4 B(6, 7)
= (2, 1)
n
P(3, 4)
2 MR = 3RN
MR
=3 m
RN
MR : RN = 3 : 1 A(1, 2)
M(3, 9)
 n(1)m++m(6)
n
, n(2) + m(7)  = (3, 4)
m+n
3
By comparison,
R n + 6m = 3
1 m+n
n + 6m = 3m + 3n
N(7, 1) 3m = 2n
m 2
R = 1(3) + 3(7) , 1(9) + 3(1)
  =
n 3
3+1 3+1
= (6, 3) m:n=2:3

3 5 PQ = 2QR
B(h, k) PQ
=2
QR
N(8, 7) 2
PQ : QR = 2 : 1
3 At point P (on the y-axis), x = 0.
y + 3x = 6
A(5, –5) y + 3(0) = 6
y=6
N(8, 7) = 2(5) + 3h , 2(–5) + 3k
  ∴ P = (0, 6)
3+2 3+2
10 + 3h –10 + 3k At point Q (on the x-axis), y = 0.
N(8, 7) =  5
,
5  y + 3x = 6
10 + 3h 0 + 3x = 6
=8 x=2
5
3h = 30 ∴ Q = (2, 0)
h = 10

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 P(0, 6)
9 T(–5, 0)
1

2 Q

4
Q(2, 0)
1
P(0, –10)
R(h, k)
Q = 4(–5) + 1(0) , 4(0) + 1(–10)
 
1(0) + 2h , 1(6) + 2k = (2, 0) 1+4 1+4
 

Chapter
2+1 2+1 = (–4, –2)
2h , 6 + 2k = (2, 0)

3 3  Area of ΔOQP =
1 0
2 0
–4
–2
0
–10
0
0

7
By comparison, 1
= |40|

Form 4
2h = 2 6 + 2k = 0 2
3 3 = 20 unit2
h=3 6 + 2k = 0
k = –3 10 Area of triangle KLM = 12 unit2
Hence, the coordinates of point R are (3, –3). 1 1 5 –3 1 = 12
2 3 2 q 3
6 Area of ABCD 1
|2 + 5q – 9 – (15 – 6 + q)| = 12
1 0 –2 –5 5 0 2
=
2 3 2 –3 –9 3 |–16 + 4q| = 24
1 –16 + 4q = ±24
= |6 + 45 + 15 – [(–6) – 10 – 15]|
2 When –16 + 4q = 24
1 4q = 40
= |66 – (–31)|
2 q = 10
= 48.5 unit2
When –16 + 4q = –24
7 Area of ΔPQR = 2.5 unit 2 4q = –8
1 2t 3 –1 2t q = –2
= 2.5
2 t+2 4 5 t+2
|8t + 15 − t − 2 − [3(t + 2)−4 + 5(2t)]| = 5 11 (a) (i) The equation of the straight line
|7t + 13 – (13t + 2)|= 5 PQS is 3y = x − 6.
|−6t + 11| = 5 At point S, (on the x-axis), y = 0.
–6t + 11 = ±5 3(0) = x − 6
When −6t + 11 = 5 x=6
−6t = –6 ∴ S = (6, 0)
t=1 At point P, (on the y-axis), x = 0.
When −6t + 11 = −5 3y = 0 − 6
−6t = −16 y = −2
8 ∴ P = (0, −2)
t=
3 Q = Midpoint of PS

8 If the points R, S and T lie on a straight line, = 0 + 6 , –2 + 0

 
2 2
Area of ΔRST = 0 = (3, –1)
1 –5 –1 p–1 –5
=0 (ii) Area of the quadrilateral OPQR
2 –2 1 p –2
|−5 − p − 2p + 2 − [2+ p − 1 − 5p]| = 0 1 0 0 3 2 0
=
|−3p − 3 − 1 + 4p| = 0 2 0 –2 –1 0 0
|p − 4| = 0 1
= |0 – (–6 – 2)|
p =4 2

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 1 Point B(p, q) lies on the straight line
= |8|
2 y − x − 1 = 0.
1 Therefore,
= (8)
2 q−p−1=0
= 4 unit2 −p + q = 1 ....②
(b) Let T be (h, k). ① + ②: 6p = 18
⇒p=3
T(h, k)
Substitute p = 3 into ②:
−3 + q = 1
⇒q=4
Form 4

(b) At point D (on the x-axis), y = 0

y−x−1=0
7

R(2, 0)
1
0−x−1=0
Chapter

Q(3, –1) x = −1
∴ D(−1, 0)
By comparison,
3(3) + 1(h) = 2 B(3, 4)
1+3
9+h =8 n
h = –1 D(–1, 0)

3(–1) + 1(k) = 0
1+3
m
–3 + k = 0
k =3
Hence, the coordinates of point T are C(–3, –2)
(−1, 3).
By comparison,
(c) A(–2, p), B(4, 6), T(−1, 3), U(–1, –7)
n(–3) + m(3) = –1
TU = √[(−1 − (−1)]2 + [3 − (−7)]2 m+n
= √100 –3n + 3m = –m – n
= 10 4m = 2n
AB = TU m 2
=
n 4
AB = 10
√(−2 – 4)2 + (p − 6)2 = 10 1
=
2
√36 + (p − 6)2 = 10 m:n=1:2
36 + (p − 6)2 = 102
36 + p – 12p + 36 – 100 = 0
2

p2 – 12p – 28 = 0 Solve with 13 M = 1 + (–3) , 4 + 2

 
factorisation 2 2
(p + 2)(p – 14) = 0 M = (–1, 3)
p = –2 or 14
N = –3 + 7 , –2 + (–6)
 
12 (a) Area of ΔABC = 18 unit2 2 2
N = (2, –4)
Area of ΔACB = 18
1 –2 –3 p –2 = 18 The equation of MN is
y–3
2 5 –2 q 5 = –4 – 3
x – (–1) 2 – (–1)
The vertices of the ΔACB are arranged in the anticlockwise y – 3 –7
direction so that the sign of the area is positive. =
x+1 3
|4 − 3q + 5p − (−15 − 2p − 2q)| = 36 3y − 9 = −7x − 7
19 − q + 7p = 36 3y = −7x + 2
7p − q = 17 ....①

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 y 17 3y − x = 1 ....①
14 x – =1
4 2 y + 2x = 5 ....②
2x – 4y = 8 ....① ① × 2: 6y − 2x = 2 ....③
y − (−5) = −2(x − 4) ③ + ②: 7y = 7
y + 5 = −2x + 8 y=1
y = −2x + 3 Substitute y = 1 into ①:
2x + y = 3 ....② 3(1) − x = 1
① – ②: −5y = 5 x=2
y = −1 ∴ P = (2, 1)

Chapter
Substitute y = –1 into ①: The equation of the straight line PQ is
2x − 4(−1) = 8 y – (–3) 1 – (–3)
=
2x = 8 − 4 x–3 2–3
y+3

7
x=2 = –4
Hence, the coordinates of the point of x–3

Form 4
intersection are (2, –1). y + 3 = −4(x − 3)
y + 3 = −4x + 12
15 The equation of AB is y = 2x + 4 ....① y = −4x + 9
The equation of PQ is
y–0 18
= 5–0 E(r, 9)
x – (–5) 0 – (5)
y=x+5 ....②
D(5, 6)
Substitute ② into ①: 1
N
x + 5 = 2x + 4 3
x=1 C(–3, –6)
Substitute x = 1 into ①: y = 2(1) + 4
=6 (a) mDE = mCD
Hence, the coordinates of the points of 9 – 6 = 6 – (–6)
intersection are (1, 6). r–5 5 – (–3)
3 = 3
16 B(6, 16) r–5 2
6 = 3r – 15
3r = 21
2 r=7
(b) The coordinates of point N are
1(–3) + 3(5), 1(–6) + 3(6) = (3, 3)
P

1
 3+1 3+1 
A(3, –5) 19 Since the points A, B and C are collinear,
mAB = mBC.
P = 2(3) + 1(6) , 2(–5) + 1(16)
 
1+2 1+2 mAB = mBC
= (4, 2) 5 – (–1) = k – 5
The equation of the straight line PQ is 6–4 –1–6
y – y1 y2 – y1
= 3=k–5
x – x1 x2 – x1 –7
y–2 k – 5 = –21
= 6–2 k = –16
x – 4 –1 – 4
y–2
= 4
x – 4 –5
−5(y − 2) = 4(x − 4)
−5y + 10 = 4x −16
5y = −4x + 26

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 20 mAB = mCD
x y 1
1–3 = 6–2 24 – =
3 k
1–4 h–1 kx – 3y 1
2 =
= 4 3k
3 h–1
kx – 3y = 3k
2h – 2 = 12
3y = kx – 3k
2h = 14
k
h=7 y= x–k
3
k
21 Since ∠PQR = 90°, ∴ m1 = –
3
Form 4

(mPQ)(mQR) = –1
6x + 8y – 3 = 0
p – (–1) 7 – (–1)
  
= –1 8y = –6x + 3
7

6–2 –2 – 2
3 3
p+1 y =– x+
 
Chapter

(–2) = –1 4 8
4
3
p+1 1 ∴ m2 = –
= 4
4 2
2p + 2 = 4 Since the two straight lines are perpendicular,
2p = 2 m1m2 = −1
k –3
p=1
  
3 4
= –1

22 (mRS)(mTU) = –1 – k = –1
n – 1 5 – (–2) 4
 
3 – (–n) –7 – 2  = –1 k=4
n–1 7
  
3 + n –9
= –1 25 3y − 2x + 5 = 0
n–1 9 3y = 2x − 5
= 2 5
3+n 7 y= x−
7n – 7 = 27 + 9n 3 3
–34 = 2n 2
∴m=
n = –17 3
The required equation of the straight line is
23 2x − 6y + 5 = 0 y − y1 = m(x − x1)
6y = 2x + 5 2
y − (–4) = (x –1)
1 5 3
y = x+
3 6 3(y + 4) = 2(x − 1)
1 3y + 12 = 2x − 2
∴ m1 =
3 3y = 2x − 14
3x + py – 8 = 0
py = –3x + 8 –4 – 1
26 mAB =
3 8 3–2
y =– x+ = –5
p p
3 The required equation of the straight line is
∴ m2 = –
p y − y1 = m(x − x1)
Since the two straight lines are parallel, y − 5 = −5[x − (−2)]
m1 = m2 y − 5 = −5(x + 2)
1 – 3 y − 5 = −5x −10
= y = −5x − 5
3 p
p = –9

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 The required equation of the straight line is
27 Midpoint of KL = –3 + 5 , 0 + (–2)
 
2 2 y − y1 = m(x − x1)
= (1, –1) y − (–3) = −2(x − 5)
2x − 3y + 4 = 0 y + 3 = −2x + 10
3y = 2x + 4 y = −2x + 7
2 4
y= x+
3 3 30 Midpoint of PQ = 3 + 1, 4 + (–2)
 
2 2 2
∴m= = (2, 1)
3
m1 = mRS
The required equation of the straight line is

Chapter
y − y1 = m(x − x1) 8 – (–6)
=
2 –3 – (–5)
y − (–1) = (x –1) 14
3 =

7
3(y + 1) = 2(x − 1) 2

Form 4
3y + 3 = 2x − 2 =7
3y = 2x − 5 1
m2 = –
m2
28 2x + 3y − 4 = 0 1
3y = –2x + 4 =–
7
2 4
y=– x+ The required equation of the straight line is
3 3
y − y1 = m(x − x1)
2
∴ m1 = – 1
3 y − 1 = – (x − 2)
7
1
m2 = – 7(y – 1) = −(x – 2)
m2
7y – 7 = −x + 2
1 7y = −x + 9
=–
–2  
3
31 Midpoint of PQ = –1 + 3 , 2 + 8
 
3 2 2
=
2 = (1, 5)
The required equation of the straight line is m1 = mPQ
y − y1 = m(x − x1) 8–2
=
3 3 – (–1)
y − 2 = (x –1)
2 6
=
2(y – 2) = 3(x − 1) 4
2y – 4 = 3x − 3 3
=
2y = 3x + 1 2
1
m2 = –
29 m1 = mMN m2
3–4 1
= =–
–4 – (–2) 3
=
–1  
2
–2 2
=–
1 3
=
2 Hence, the equation of the perpendicular
1 bisector of PQ is
m2 =
m1 y − y1 = m(x − x1)
1
=– 2
y − 5 = – (x − 1)
1
2   3
3(y – 5) = −2(x – 1)
= –2 3y – 15 = −2x + 2
3y = −2x + 17
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 3(y − 3) = –2x
32 Midpoint of RS = –2 + 6 , 3 + 7
  3y – 9 = –2x
2 2
= (2, 5) 3y = –2x + 9
m1 = mRS
34 (a) Let R = (a, b)
7–3
= R(a, b)
6 – (–2)
4
= 4
8 Q(2, 3)
1
=
Form 4

2 1
1 P(0, 2)
m2 = –
7

m1
By comparison,
Chapter

1 4(0) + 1(a) = 2
=–
1
2  1+4
a = 10
= –2
4(2) + 1(b) = 3
Hence, the equation of the perpendicular 1+4
bisector of RS is 8 + b = 15
y − y1 = m(x − x1) b =7
y − 5 = –2(x − 2)
Hence, the coordinate of point R are
y − 5 = –2x + 4
(10, 7).
y = –2x + 9
At A (on the x-axis), y = 0. 3–2
(b) mPQR =
0 = −2x + 9 2–0
9 1
x= =
2 2
1 Thus, the gradient of the straight line
=4
2 that is perpendicular to the straight
1 line
∴ The coordinates of point A are 4  2 
,0 .
PQR = –
1
mPQR
33 2y = 3x + 6 1
=–
3 1
y= x+3
2 2 
3 = –2
mQR =
2 Hence, the equation of the straight line
– 1 that is perpendicular to the straight
mPQ =
3
2   line PQR is
y − 7 = −2(x −10)
2 y − 7 = −2x + 20
=–
3 y = −2x + 27
At Q (on the y-axis), x = 0.
2y = 3(0) + 6 (c) At point S (on the x-axis), y = 0.
y=3 0 = −2x + 27
∴ Q = (0, 3) 27
x=
2
Hence, the equation of the straight line PQ is
27
y − y1 = m(x − x1) ∴S=
2 ,0 
2
y − 3 = – (x − 0)
3

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 The area of the quadrilateral OQRS 36 (a) The equation of the straight line DC is
27 4y = 3x + 10
1 0 2 10
2
0
3 5
2 0 ⇒y= x+
3 7 0 0 4 2
1 1 ∴ mAB = mDC
=
2 
14 – 30 + 94
2  =
3
1 1 4
= –110
2 2 It is given that B = (13, 6).
1 1 Hence, the equation of the straight line
= × 110
2 2 AB is

Chapter
1 3
= 55 unit2 y − 6 = (x – 13)
4 4
4(y − 6) = 3(x − 13)

7
35 Q = Midpoint of PR 4y − 24 = 3x − 39

Form 4
0+h k+0
= 
2
,
2  4y = 3x − 15
1
h k (b) mBC = –
= ,
2 2  mDC
1
h k =–
Point Q
2 2
,  
lies on the straight line
 3
4
2y = x + 4. 4
= –
Therefore, 3
k h It is given that B = (13, 6).
2 
2
= +4
2 Hence, the equation of the straight line
2k = h + 8 ....① BC is
k+0 4
mPR = y − 6 = – (x – 13)
0–h 3
h 3(y − 6) = –4(x − 13)
=– 3y − 18 = –4x + 52
k
3y = –4x + 70
2y = x + 4
1 (c) At point A (on the x-axis), y = 0.
⇒y= x+2
2 4(0) = 3x −15
1 x=5
∴ The gradient of the straight line is .
2 Hence, the coordinate of point A is
(5, 0).
Thus, –  hk  12  = –1 (d) Equation of DC: 4y = 3x + 10 ....①
k = 2h ....② Equation of BC: 3y = −4x + 70 ....②
Substitute ② into ①: ① × 4: 16y = 12x + 40 ....③
2(2h) = h + 8 ② × 3: 9y = −12x + 210 ....④
3h = 8 ③ + ④: 25y = 250
8 y = 10
h=
3 Subsitute y = 10 into ①:
2 4(10) = 3x +10
=2
3 3x = 30
2 x = 10
Substitute h = 2 into ②:
3 Hence, the coordinates of point C are
(10, 10).
k=2 2  23 
1
=5
3

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 (e) A(5, 0), B(13, 6), C(10, 10), D(–2, 1) By comparison,
Area of the trapezium ABCD 1(2) + 4p = 13
4+1
1 5 13 10 –2 5
= 2 + 4p = 65
2 0 6 10 1 0 4p = 63
1 p = 15.75
= |30 + 130 + 10 – (60 – 20 + 5)|
2
1(0) + 4q = 3
1
= |125| 4+1
2
4q = 15
1
= 62 unit2 q = 3.75
Form 4

2
∴ E = (15.75, 3.75)
37 (a) (i) mAD = mBC A(2, 0), D(7, 15), C(16, 12),
7

12 – 3 E(15.75, 3.75)
=
Chapter

16 – 13 Area of the quadrilateral ADCE

=3 1 2 7 16 15.75 2
It is given that A = (2, 0). =
2 0 15 12 3.75 0
Hence, the equation of the straight
1
line AD is = |30 + 84 + 60 – (240 + 189 + 7.5)|
2
y − 0 = 3(x − 2)
1
y = 3x − 6 = |–262.5|
2
1 1
(ii) mCD = – = (262.5)
mBC 2
1 = 131.25 unit2
=–
3
It is given that C = (16, 12) 38
Hence, the equation of the straight
SMART TIP
line CD is The diagonals of a rhombus intersect each
1 other at a right angle.
y − 12 = – (x − 16)
3
3(y − 12) = −(x – 16)
3y – 36 = −x + 16 (a) It is given that the equation of the
3y = −x + 52 straight line QS is
2x + y − 4 = 0
(iii) Equation of AD: y = 3x − 6 ....① ⇒ y = −2x + 4
Equation of DC: 3y = −x + 52 ....② Thus, mQS = −2
② × 3: 9y = –3x + 156 ....③ 1
Hence, mPR = –
① + ③: 10y = 150 mQS
⇒ y = 15 1
Substitute y = 15 into ①:
=–  
–2
15 = 3x – 6 1
=
3x = 21 2
x=7 It is given that the coordinate of P are
Hence, the coordinates of point D (5, –1).
are (7, 15). Hence, the equation of the straight line
(b) Let E = (p, q) PR is
E(p, q) 1
y − (–1) = (x − 5)
B(13, 3) 2
1
2(y + 1) = x – 5
2y + 2 = x – 5
4
2y = x – 7
A(2, 0)

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 (b) (i) At point Q (on the y-axis), x = 0. y
2x + y − 4 = 0 y = 2x + 6
2(0) + y − 4 = 0
y=4 C B(0, 6)
Hence, the coordinates of point Q
are (0, 4).
(ii) Equation of QS: y = −2x + 4 ....①
Equation of PR: 2y = x − 7 ....② x
A(–3, 0) O
② × 2: 4y = 2x – 14 ....③
① + ③: 5y = –10

Chapter
(a) The straight line y − 2x − 6 = 0 is given.
⇒ y = –2
At point A (on the x-axis), y = 0.
Substitute y = –2 into ②: 0 − 2x − 6 = 0

7
2(−2) = x − 7 ⇒ x = −3
x=3

Form 4
The coordinates of point A are (–3, 0).
Hence, the coordinates of point T
At point B (y-axis), x = 0.
are (3, –2).
y − 2(0) − 6 = 0
(iii) Q(0, 4), T(3, –2) ⇒y=6
Let S(h, k) The coordinates of point B are (0, 6).
T is the midpoint of QS.
1
0 + h , 4 + k = (3, –2) (b) It is given that mBC = .
 2 2  2
Hence, the equation of the straight line
By comparison, BC is
h =3 1
y= x+6
2 2
⇒h=6 2y = x + 12
4 + k = –2 1
(c) mAC = –
2 mBC
⇒ k = –8
=– 1
1
Hence, the coordinates of point S
are (6, –8). 2  
= –2
1 0 6 5 0 Hence, the equation of the straight line
(c) Area of ΔQSP =
2 4 –8 –1 4 AC is
1 y − 0 = −2[x − (−3)]
= |–6 + 20 – (24 – 40)| y = −2x − 6
2
1 (d) Equation of BC: 2y = x + 12 ....①
= |30|
2 Equation of AC: y = −2x – 6 ....②
= 15 unit2
① × 2: 4y = 2x + 24 ....③
Hence, the area of the rhombus PQRS ③ + ②: 5y = 18
= 2 × Area of ΔQSP 3
= 2 × 15 ⇒y=3
5
= 30 unit2
3
Substitute y = 3 into ②:
5
39 3
SMART TIP 23  5  = x + 12
Sketch a diagram so that the problem can be 4
x = –4
interpreted clearer. 5
Hence, the coordinates of point C are
4 3

–4 , 3 .
5 5 
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 (e) Area of ΔABC Substitute x = 5 into ①:
4 y = 2(5) – 14
1 –3 0 –4 5 –4
= = –4
2 3
0 6 –3 0 The coordinates of point D are (5, –4).
5
1 4 4
=
2 5 
–18 – –28 – 10
5  41 (a) (i) mJK = mRQ

=
1
21
3 = –1 – (–2)
2 5 3–0
4 1
= 10 unit2 =
5 3
Form 4

Hence, the equation of the straight

40 (a) Given that AB = 2BC line JK is
1
7

√[18−(−2)]2 + (k − 12)2 = y − 3 = [x − (−1)]

3
Chapter

2√[−2 − (−7)]2 + (12 − 2)2

3(y − 3) = x + 1
400 + (k − 12)2 = 22(25 + 100)
3y − 9 = x + 1
400 + k2 − 24k + 144 = 500
3y = x + 10
k2 − 24k + 44 = 0
(k − 2)(k − 22) = 0 (ii) mJL = mPQ
k = 2 or 22 –1 – 3
=
k = 2 is not accepted 3 – (–1)
∴ k = 22 –4
=
4
(b) mAD = mBC
= –1
12 – 2
= Thus, the gradient of the
–2 – (–7)
perpendicular bisector:
=2
A = (18, k) – 1 =– 1  
mJL –1
= (18, 22) =1
The equation of the straight line AD is Midpoint of JL = (0, –2)
y − 22 = 2(x − 18) Hence, the equation of the
y − 22 = 2x − 36 perpendicular bisector of the
y = 2x − 14 straight line JL is
1 y − (−2) = 1(x − 0)
(c) mCD = – y+2=x
mBC
y=x−2
=– 1
2 (b) Equation of KJ: 3y = x + 10 ....①
C = (–7, 2) Equation of the perpendicular bisector
The equation of the straight line CD is of JL: y=x–2 ....②
y − 2 = – 1 [x − (−7)] ① – ②: 2y = 12
2 ⇒y=6
2y – 4 = −x − 7
Substitute y = 6 into ②:
2y = −x – 3
6=x–2
(d) Equation of AD: y = 2x – 14 ....① x=8
Equation of CD: 2y = −x – 3 ....② Hence, the coordinates of point S are
① × 2: 2y = 4x – 28 ....③ (8, 6).

③ – ②: 0 = 5x – 25
⇒x=5

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 (c) Area of ΔPQR Hence, the vertical height of the
1 –1 3 0 –1 parallelogram KLMN from the vertex L
= to the base KN is 4.111 units.
2 3 –1 –2 3
1 (c) L(2, 2), M(4, –4)
= |1 – 6 – (9 + 2)|
2 The equation of the straight line PLM is
1 y – 2 –4 – 2
= |–16| =
2 x–2 4–2
1 y–2
= (16) = –3
2 x–2
= 8 unit2 y – 2 = –3(x – 2)

Chapter
Hence, the area of ΔJKL y – 2 = –3x + 6
= 4 × ΔPQR y = –3x + 8
=4×8

7
mLM = –3
= 32 unit2

Form 4
mKP = 1
mLM
42 (a) Midpoint of KM = Midpoint of LN
a+4 4+b 2 + (–1) 2 + (–2) =– 1  
2 ,
2
=
2  
,
2  –3
= 1
a+4 4+b 1
2 ,
2
=
2
,0    3

By comparison, It is given that the coordinates of

a+4 1 K = (a, 4) = (–3, 4).
=
2 2 Hence, the equation of the straight line
a = –3 KP is
4+b 1
=0 y − 4 = [x − (−3)]
2 3
b = –4 3(y − 4) = 1(x + 3)
(b) L(2, 2), K(–3, 4), N(–1, –2), 3y − 12 = x + 3
3y = x + 15
Area of ΔLKN
P is the intersection point of the
1 2 –3 –1 2
= straight lines PLM and KP.
2 2 4 –2 2 y = –3x + 8 ....①
1 3y = x + 15 ....②
= |8 + 6 – 2 – (–6 – 4 – 4)|
2
② × 3: 9y = 3x + 45 ....③
1
= |26| ① + ③: 10y = 53
2
3
= 13 unit2 ⇒y=5
10
Distance of KN = √[–3 – (–1)]2 + [4 – (–2)]2 3
= √4 + 36 Substitute y = 5 into ②:
10
3
= √40 units 
35
10  = x + 15
Let the perpendicular distance from 9
the vertex L to the base KN as h units ⇒x=
10
Area of ΔLKN = 13 9 3
1
The coordinates of P are  10
,5
10 
.
× Base × Height = 13
2
1 x y
× KN × h = 13 43 (a) The equation of AB is + = 1.
2 15 5
1 (b) 3AD = 2DB
× √40 × h = 13 AD 2
2 =
26 DB 3
h=
√40
= 4.111
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 A(0, 5) (d) Area of ΔBAD
2 1 2 –1 3 2
D =
2 7 1 –1 7
3
1
= |2 + 1 + 21 – (–7 + 3 – 2)|
B(15, 0) 2
= 15 unit2
D = 0 + 2(15) , 3(5) + 2(0)
  Hence, the area of the rectangle ABCD
2+3 2+3
= (6, 3) = 2 × 15
= 30 unit2
(c) mAB = – 5
Form 4

15 9–7
45 (a) mPQ =
=– 1 6–2
7

3 1
mCD = 3 =
Chapter

2
y = mx + c mPS = –2
y = 3x + c
The equation of PS is
3 = 3(6) + c
y − 7 = –2(x − 2)
c = −15
y − 7 = –2x + 4
y = 3x – 15
y = –2x + 11
y-intercept = –15
(b) Substitute y = −2x + 11 into
44 (a) mAB = mDC = 2 7x − 2y = 44
The equation of AB is 7x − 2(−2x + 11) = 44
y − 7 = 2(x − 2) 7x + 4x − 22 = 44
y − 7 = 2x − 4 11x = 66
y = 2x + 3 x=6
When x = 6 , y = −2(6) + 11
(b) mAD = – 1 = −1
mDC
1 Hence, S is point (6, −1).
=–
2
(c) T = 3(2) + 1(6) , 3(7) + 1(–1)
 
Equation of AD is 1+3 1+3
1 = (3, 5)
y − (–1) = – (x − 3)
2
2y + 2 = –x + 3 (d) Area of PQRS = 30
2 6 k 6 2
2y = –x + 1 1
= 30
2
(c) y = 2x + 3 ....① 7 –1 7k – 44 9 7
2y = −x + 1 ....② 2
–2 + 3(7k – 44) + 9k + 42 –
Substitute ① into ②: [42 – k + 3(7k – 44) + 18] = 60
2(2x + 3) = −x + 1 −2 + 3(7k − 44) + 9k + 42
4x + 6 = −x + 1 −42 + k −3(7k − 44) −18 = 60
5x = −5 −20 + 10k = 60
x = −1 k=8
Substitute x = –1 into ①: 7k – 44
Substitute k = 8 into y = ,
y = 2(−1) + 3 2
=1 7(8) – 44
Hence, the coordinates of A are (−1, 1). y=
2
=6
Hence, the coordinates of point R are
(8, 6).

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 46 (a) S(x, y), P(0, 3), Q(1, 0) PA = 3PQ
SP = SQ x + 1 = 3√(x − 3)2 + (y − 1)2
√(x − 0)2 + (y − 3)2 = √(x − 1)2 + (y − 0)2 (x + 1)2 = 32[(x – 3)2 + (y – 1)2]
x2 + y2 − 6y + 9 = x2 − 2x + 1 + y2 x2 + 2x + 1 = 9(x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 2y + 1)
6y = 2x + 8 x2 + 2x + 1 = 9x2 – 54x + 81 + 9y2 – 18y + 9
3y = x + 4 8x2 + 9y2 – 56x – 18y + 89 = 0
Hence, the equation of the locus of the Hence, the equation of the locus of the
moving point S is 3y = x + 4. moving point P is
8x2 + 9y2 – 56x – 18y + 89 = 0
(b) T(x, y), R(1, 1)

Chapter
TR = √58 (b) When y = −1,
√(x − 1)2 + (y − 1)2 = √58 8x2 + 9y2 – 56x – 18y + 89 = 0
(x − 1)2 + (y − 1)2 = 58 8x + 9(−1)2 −56x − 18(−1) + 89 = 0
2

7
x − 2x + y2 − 2y – 56 = 0
2 8x2 + 9 − 56x + 18 + 89 = 0

Form 4
Hence, the equation of the locus of the 8x2 − 56x + 116 = 0
moving point T is b − 4ac = (−56) −4(8)(116)
2 2

x2 − 2x + y2 − 2y – 56 = 0 = −576
Since b2 − 4ac  0 , the locus of point P
(c) Locus S: 3y = x + 4 ....① will not intersect the straight line
Locus T: x2 − 2x + y2 − 2y − 56 = 0 ....② y = −1.
From ①: x = 3y − 4 ....③
Substitute ③ into ②: 48 (a) 3x + 2y − 23 = 0
(3y − 4)2 − 2(3y −4) + y2 − 2y − 56 = 0 2y = –3x + 23
9y2 − 24y + 16 − 6y + 8 + y2 − 2y − 56 = 0 3 23
y =– x+
10y2 − 32y − 32 = 0 2 2
5y2 − 16y − 16 = 0 3
∴ mAB = –
(5y + 4)(y − 4) = 0 2
4 Since the line DC is parallel to the line
y = − or 4
5 AB, mDC = mAB
From ③: 3
4 =–
When y = – , x = 3 – 4 – 4   2
5 5 h – 6 3
2 – =–
= –6 0 – (–2) 2
5 h–6 – 3
=
When y = 4, x = 3(4) – 4 2 2
=8 h – 6 = –3
Hence, the coordinates of the h =3
intersection points of the locus S and (b) Since the line AD is perpendicular to
the locus T are – 6 2 , – 4 and (8, 4).
  the line DC,
5 5
mAD = – 1
mDC
47 (a) y
=– 1
P(x, y) –3
 
Q 2
1 x 2
=
3
y = –1 Hence, the equation of AD is
A(3, 1)
x y − 6 = 2 [x – (–2)]
–1 O 3
3(y − 6) = 2(x + 2)
3y −18 = 2x + 4
2x − 3y + 22 = 0
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 (c) Equation of AD: 2x – 3y + 22 = 0 ....① k 3
∴ =
Equation of AB: 3x + 2y – 23 = 0 ....② 4 4
① × 3: 6x – 9y + 66 = 0 ....③ ⇒k=3
② × 2: 6x + 4y – 46 = 0 ....④ (ii) 4y = 3x + 25 ....①
③ – ④: –13y + 112 = 0 4
y=– x ....②
y=8 8 3
13 Substitute ② into ①:
Substitute y = 8 8 into ①:  4

4 – x = 3x + 25
13 3
8 –16x = 9x + 75
Form 4

2x – 3 8 
13
+ 22 = 0 25x = −75
2x = 3 8 8 – 22   x = −3
7

13 Substitute x = –3 into ②:
Chapter

x =1 12 4
13 y = – (–3)
3
Hence, the coordinates of point A is =4
1 12 , 8 8 .  The coordinates of point A are (–3, 4).
13 13
(d) Since ∠BPD = 90°, (b) (i)
B(h, k)
mBP × mPD = –1 Q0, 25  1
y–2 y–6 4

x–6 x+2  = –1 
(y – 2)(y – 6) = –(x – 6)(x + 2) 3
y2 – 8y + 12 = –(x2 – 4x – 12)
A(–3, 4)
y2 – 8y + 12 = –x2 + 4x + 12
x2 + y2 – 4x – 8y = 0 By comparison,
1(–3) + 3h
49 y =0
3+1
B h=1
25 1(4) + 3k
k x+ Q = 25
4y
= 3+1 4
A 4 + 3k = 25
y=– 4x k=7
3 C
x
The coordinates of point B are (1, 7).
O
4
(ii) mC = mOA = –
4 3
(a) (i) y = – x
3 The equation of BC is
4
mOA = – y − 7 = – 4 (x – 1)
3 3
mAB = – 1 3y − 21 = –4x + 4
–4
  3y = –4x + 25
3
3 (c) PA = 2PB
= PA2 = 22 PB2
4
(x + 3)2 + (y − 4)2 =
4y = kx + 25 22[(x − 1)2 + (y − 7)2]
k 25 x + 6x + 9 + y − 8y + 16 =
2 2
y= x+
4 4 4(x2 − 2x + 1 + y2 − 14y + 49)
k x2 + 6x + y2 − 8y +25 =
mAB =
4 4x2 − 8x + 4y2 − 56y + 200
3x − 14x + 3y − 48y + 175 = 0
2 2

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 50 51 (a) (i) Area of ΔOAB
y
Q(x, y) 1 0 –3 6 0
P(1, k) =
2 0 –5 1 0
5 units
5 1
= |–3 – (–30)|
M(4, 2) 2
1
5 units = |27|
O
x 2
= 13.5 unit2
R
(ii) AB = √[6 − (−3)]2 + [1− (−5)]2

Chapter
(a) Let point Q be (x, y). AB = √92 + 62
QM = 5 AB = √117
√(x − 4)2 + (y − 2)2 = 5
AB = 10.82 units

7
(x − 4)2 + (y − 2)2 = 52

Form 4
x2 − 8x + 16 + y2 − 4y + 4 = 25 (b) (i) Let P = (x, y)
x2 − 8x + y2 − 4y − 5 = 0
PA = 2PB
(b) (i) Since P(1, k) lies on the locus of Q, (PA)2 = (2PB)2
12 − 8(1) + k2 − 4k − 5 = 0 PA2 = 4PB2
k2 − 4k − 12 = 0 [x − (−3)] +[y − (−5)]2 =
2

(k + 2)(k − 6) = 0 4[(x − 6)2 + (y − 1)2]

k = −2 or 6 (x + 3)2 + (y + 5)2 = 4[(x − 6)2 + (y −1)2]
k = −2 is not accepted x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 +10y + 25 =
∴k=6 4(x2 −12x + 36 + y2 − 2y + 1)
(ii) Since point P and point R lie on the x + 6x + 9 + y2 +10y + 25 =
2

locus of Q, their distances from 4x2 − 48x + 144 + 4y2 − 8y + 4

point M are equal. This means that 0 = 3x2 − 54x + 3y2 − 18y + 114
M is the midpoint of PR. x2 − 18x + y2 − 6y + 38 = 0
Let point R be (a, b). (ii) At the y-axis, x = 0.
1+a 6+b ∴ 02 − 18(0) + y2 − 6y + 38 = 0
 2
,
2 
= (4, 2) y2 − 6y + 38 = 0
b − 4ac = (−6) − 4(1)(38)
2 2
By comparison,
= 36 − 152
1+a 6+b
= 4 and =2 = −116
2 2
Since b2 − 4ac  0, there are no real
a=7 b = –2
roots and hence, the locus will not
The coordinates of point R are
intersect the y-axis.
(7, –2).
(c) O(0, 0), P(1, 6), R(7, − 2) 52 (a) (i) 2x − y − 5 = 0
1 0 1 7 0 y = 2x − 5
Area of ΔOPR = mBC = 2
2 0 6 –2 0
1
1 mAB = –
= |–2 – (42)| mBC
2 1
1 =–
= |–44| 2
2 The equation of the straight line AB
= |–22| is
= 22 unit2
1
y – (–5) = – [x – (–10)]
2
2(y + 5) = −x − 10
2y + 10 = −x − 10
2y = −x − 20

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 (ii) Equation of BC: y = 2x − 5 ....① (c) ∠APB = 90°
Equation of AB: 2y = −x − 20 ....② (mAP)(mPB) = −1
Substitute ① into ②: y – (–5) y – (–9)
× = –1
2(2x − 5) = −x − 20 x – (–10) x – (–2)
4x −10 = −x − 20 y+5 y+9
5x = −10  
x + 10 x + 2 = –1
x = −2 y2 + 14y + 45 = −x2 − 12x − 20
Substitute x = –2 into ①: x2 + y2 + 12x + 14y + 65 = 0
y = 2(−2) − 5
= −9 53 (a) (i) Radius of circle
Form 4

The coordinates of point B are = √(−3 − 1)2 + (0 − 3)2

(–2, –9). = √16 + 9
7

= √25
(b) A(–10, –5)
=5
Chapter

2 MR = MA
√(x − 1)2 + (y − 3)2 =5
B(–2, –9) (x − 1)2 + (y – 3)2 = 52
3
(x − 2x + 1) + (y2 − 6y + 9)
2
= 25
x2 − 2x + y2 − 6y − 15 =0
D(h, k)
(ii) Since the point, B(4, k) lie on the
3(–10) + 2h 3(–5) + 2k
 2+3
,
2+3 
= (–2, –9) circumference of the circle,
42 − 2(4) + k2 − 6k − 15 = 0
2h – 30 2k – 15
 5
,
5 
= (–2, –9) k2 − 6k − 7 = 0
(k − 7)(k + 1) = 0
By comparison, k = 7 or –1
2h – 30
= –2 0–3
5 (b) mMA =
–3 – 1
2h – 30 = –10
3
2h = 20 =
4
h = 10
1
2k – 15 ∴ mAC = –
= –9 3
5 4
2k – 15 = –45 4
2k = –30 =–
3
k = –15
The equation of the straight line
Hence, the coordinates of point D are
AC is
(10, –15).
Area of ΔADO y – 0 = – 4 [x – (–3)]
3
1 –10 10 0 –10
3y = −4(x + 3)
=
2 –5 –15 0 –5 3y = −4x − 12
1 At point C (on the y-axis), x = 0.
= |150 – (–50)|
2
3y = −4(0) − 12
1
= |200| y = −4
2
= 100 unit2 ∴ C(0, –4)
Area of ΔOAC
1 0 –3 0 0
=
2 0 0 –4 0
1
= |12|
2
= 6 unit2

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 54 (a) (i) C(6, 11) 4[x2 − 4x + 4 + y2 + 14y + 49
x2 − 12x + y2 − 22y + 157 =
4x2 − 16x + 4y2 + 56y + 212
3
3x + 3y – 4x + 78y + 55 = 0
2 2

B(0, 5)
55 (a) (i) Area of the quadrilateral PQRS
2
1 –5 14 15 0 –5
=
2 4 19 2 1 4
A(h, k)
1
= |–95 + 28 + 15 – (56 + 285 – 5)|
Let the coordinates of point A be 2

Chapter
(h, k) 1
= |–388|
3h + 2(6) 3k + 2(11) = (0, 5) 2
 2+3 
2+3  = 194 unit2

7
3h + 12 3k + 22 = (0, 5) (ii)
  

Form 4
C(11, 11)
5 5
By comparison,
3h + 12 3
=0
5
3h + 12 = –12 B(2, 5)
h = –4 1
3k + 22 A(h, k)
=5
5
Let A be (h, k)
2k + 22 = 25
CB : BA = 3 : 1
3k = 3
1(11) + 3h 1(11) + 3k = (2, 5)
k =1  3+1 
3+1 
Hence, the coordinates of point A 11 + 3h 11 + 3k = (2, 5)
are (−4, 1).  4 4  
(ii) The equation of the straight line By comparison,
AD is 11 + 3h
y–1 –7 – 1 =2
= 4
x – (–4) 2 – (–4) 11 + 3h = 8
y–1 4
=– 3h = –3
x+4 3 h = –1
3y – 3 = –4x – 16
11 + 3k
3y = –4x – 13 =5
4
(iii) Area of ΔACD 11 + 3k = 20
1 –4 6 2 –4 3k =9
=
2 1 11 –7 1 k =3
1 Hence, the coordinates of point A
= |–44 – 42 + 2 – (6 + 22 + 28)|
2 are (−1, 3).
1
= |–140| (b) Let T be (x, y).
2
= 70 unit2 TC = 3
√(x − 11)2 + (y − 11)2 = 3
(b) Let P be (x, y). (x − 11)2 + (y – 11)2 = 9
PC = 2PD x − 22x + 121 + y2 − 22y + 121 = 9
2

√(x − 6)2 + (y + 11)2 = x2 + y2 − 22x − 22y + 233 = 0

2√(x − 2)2 + [(y – (–7)]2
(x − 6)2 + (y − 11)2 =
22[(x − 2)2 + [y − (–7)]2
x2 − 12x + 36 + y2 − 22y + 121 =

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 56 (a) (i) The equation of PS is (b) The equation of PS is 2y = 5x − 23.
2y = 5x – 23 When y = 1,
5 23 2(1) = 5x − 23
y= x–
2 2 5x = 25
5 x=5
mPS =
2 Thus, the coordinates of S are (5, 1).
1
mPQ = Let T be (x, y).
mPS
1 TS = 5
=– (x − 5)2 + (y − 1)2 = 5
5
  (x − 5)2 + (y − 1)2 = 52
Form 4

2
x − 10x + 25 + y2 − 2y + 1 = 25
2
2
=– x2 − 10x + y2 − 2y + 1 = 0
5
7

The equation of PQ is
Chapter

2
y – (–2) = – [x – (–2)]
5
5(y + 2) = −2(x + 2)
5y + 10 = −2x − 4
5y = −2x − 14
(ii) Equation of PS: 2y = 5x − 23 ....①
Equation of PQ: 5y = −2x − 14 ....②
① × 5: 10y = 25x − 115 ....③
② × 2: 10y = –4x − 28 ....④
③ – ④: 0 = 29x – 87
x=3
Substitute x = 3 into ①:
2y = 5(3) − 23
y = –4
Hence, the coordinates of P are
(3, −4).

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