Multiple Choice Questions (Semiconductor Basics)

1. What is the primary function of electronic materials?

o A. To store energy
o B. To generate and control the flow of electrical current
o C. To produce light
o D. To generate heat
o Answer: B
2. Which of the following is a good conductor?
o A. Glass
o B. Wood
o C. Copper
o D. Plastic
o Answer: C
3. What is the atomic structure feature of good conductors?
o A. Only two electrons in the outer shell
o B. No electrons in the outer shell
o C. One electron in the outer shell
o D. Full outer shell
o Answer: C
4. Which material has high resistance and suppresses electrical current
flow?
o A. Conductor
o B. Insulator
o C. Semiconductor
o D. Superconductor
o Answer: B
5. What type of bond is formed when semiconductor atoms link together?
o A. Ionic bond
o B. Covalent bond
o C. Metallic bond
o D. Hydrogen bond
o Answer: B
6. What element is the most widely used semiconductor?
o A. Germanium
o B. Silicon
o C. Carbon
o D. Boron

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 o Answer: B
7. How many valence electrons does a silicon atom have?
o A. Two
o B. Three
o C. Four
o D. Five
o Answer: C
8. What happens to silicon atoms at higher temperatures?
o A. They form more covalent bonds
o B. Electrons become free to move
o C. Atoms move out of the lattice
o D. Valence electrons decrease
o Answer: B
9. Which element in the periodic table is a common semiconductor besides
silicon?
o A. Gold
o B. Iron
o C. Germanium
o D. Aluminum
o Answer: C
10. What is the term for the process where an electron leaves its position
in the lattice, creating a vacancy?
o A. Doping
o B. Recombination
o C. Electron-hole pair generation
o D. Conduction
o Answer: C
11. In an intrinsic semiconductor, what is the relationship between the
number of electrons and holes at a given temperature?
o A. There are more electrons than holes
o B. There are more holes than electrons
o C. The number of electrons and holes is equal
o D. The number of electrons is zero
o Answer: C
12. What is the primary characteristic of an n-type semiconductor?
o A. Extra electrons
o B. Extra holes
o C. High resistance

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 o D. No free charge carriers
o Answer: A
13. What kind of impurity is added to create an n-type semiconductor?
o A. An element with three valence electrons
o B. An element with four valence electrons
o C. An element with five valence electrons
o D. An element with six valence electrons
o Answer: C
14. What charge does a hole carry in a semiconductor?
o A. Positive
o B. Negative
o C. Neutral
o D. It does not carry any charge
o Answer: A
15. What is the energy called that is needed to remove an electron from a
covalent bond in a semiconductor?
o A. Ionization energy
o B. Band-gap energy
o C. Activation energy
o D. Thermal energy
o Answer: B
16. In p-type semiconductors, what is the primary charge carrier?
o A. Electrons
o B. Protons
o C. Holes
o D. Neutrons
o Answer: C
17. What is the process of adding impurities to a semiconductor called?
o A. Ionization
o B. Diffusion
o C. Doping
o D. Recombination
o Answer: C
18. Which type of semiconductor material contains more holes than
electrons?
o A. N-type
o B. P-type
o C. Intrinsic

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 o D. Extrinsic
o Answer: B
19. Which element, when doped into silicon, creates p-type material?
o A. Phosphorus
o B. Boron
o C. Arsenic
o D. Antimony
o Answer: B
20. What happens when an electric field is applied to an intrinsic
semiconductor?
o A. Only electrons move
o B. Only holes move
o C. Both electrons and holes move
o D. No movement occurs
o Answer: C
21. Which property of semiconductors can be controlled by doping?
o A. Melting point
o B. Electrical conductivity
o C. Thermal conductivity
o D. Density
o Answer: B
22. What is the term for a semiconductor with no impurities?
o A. Extrinsic
o B. Doped
o C. Intrinsic
o D. Compound
o Answer: C
23. What is a common application of semiconductors?
o A. Insulation
o B. Electrical wiring
o C. Integrated circuits
o D. Heat sinks
o Answer: C
24. What type of bonds do silicon atoms form in a crystal lattice?
o A. Ionic bonds
o B. Covalent bonds
o C. Metallic bonds
o D. Hydrogen bonds

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 o Answer: B
25. Which type of current is generated by the motion of charge carriers
due to an electric field?
o A. Diffusion current
o B. Drift current
o C. Convection current
o D. Displacement current
o Answer: B
26. Which type of semiconductor material has electrons as the majority
carriers?
o A. P-type
o B. N-type
o C. Intrinsic
o D. Amorphous
o Answer: B
27. How does the number of electron-hole pairs change with temperature in
an intrinsic semiconductor?
o A. It decreases
o B. It remains constant
o C. It increases
o D. It fluctuates randomly
o Answer: C
28. What is the term for the region where an electron has left in a
semiconductor lattice?
o A. Vacancy
o B. Hole
o C. Donor
o D. Acceptor
o Answer: B
29. What type of impurity atom increases the number of holes in a
semiconductor?
o A. Donor
o B. Acceptor
o C. Conductor
o D. Insulator
o Answer: B
30. Which of the following materials is a good insulator?
o A. Silver

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 o B. Silicon
o C. Glass
o D. Germanium
o Answer: C
31. What term describes the simultaneous creation of an electron and a hole
in a semiconductor?
o A. Recombination
o B. Generation
o C. Ionization
o D. Doping
o Answer: B
32. What is the main mechanism of conduction in a heavily doped n-type
semiconductor?
o A. Hole movement
o B. Electron movement
o C. Proton movement
o D. Neutron movement
o Answer: B
33. Which of the following best describes an intrinsic semiconductor at
absolute zero temperature?
o A. It behaves like a conductor
o B. It behaves like an insulator
o C. It has a moderate conductivity
o D. It has a high number of free electrons
o Answer: B
34. What is the primary effect of doping silicon with phosphorus?
o A. It creates holes
o B. It increases resistivity
o C. It creates free electrons
o D. It decreases conductivity
o Answer: C
35. In which type of semiconductor does the addition of boron create holes?
o A. N-type
o B. P-type
o C. Intrinsic
o D. Insulating
o Answer: B

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 36. What happens to the conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor as
temperature increases?
o A. It decreases
o B. It increases
o C. It remains the same
o D. It becomes zero
o Answer: B

37. What is the term for the positively charged particle that can move in a
semiconductor?

 A. Electron
 B. Hole
 C. Neutron
 D. Proton
 Answer: B

38. Which type of semiconductor is created by adding a pentavalent impurity

to silicon?

 A. N-type
 B. P-type
 C. Intrinsic
 D. Compound
 Answer: A

39. Which property of semiconductors allows them to be used in electronic

switches and amplifiers?

 A. High melting point

 B. Variable conductivity
 C. High density
 D. Thermal stability
 Answer: B

40. Which of the following elements is typically used as a dopant to create

p-type silicon?

 A. Phosphorus
 B. Boron
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  C. Arsenic
 D. Antimony
 Answer: B

41. What is the term for the energy difference between the valence band
and the conduction band in a semiconductor?

 A. Ionization energy
 B. Work function
 C. Band-gap energy
 D. Activation energy
 Answer: C

42. What is the primary reason for the high resistivity of insulators?

 A. Lack of free charge carriers

 B. High density
 C. Large atomic size
 D. High melting point
 Answer: A

43. In a semiconductor, what process occurs when an electron recombines

with a hole?

 A. Ionization
 B. Recombination
 C. Generation
 D. Doping
 Answer: B

44. Which element is often used in the manufacture of LED devices due to
its semiconductor properties?

 A. Carbon
 B. Silicon
 C. Gallium arsenide
 D. Iron
 Answer: C

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 45. What determines the type of semiconductor material created through
doping?

 A. The atomic mass of the dopant

 B. The valence electrons of the dopant
 C. The atomic number of the dopant
 D. The melting point of the dopant
 Answer: B

46. Which type of semiconductor is most commonly used in photovoltaic cells

for solar energy conversion?

 A. Silicon
 B. Germanium
 C. Gallium arsenide
 D. Copper
 Answer: A

47. What effect does temperature have on the conductivity of an intrinsic

semiconductor?

 A. Decreases exponentially
 B. Increases linearly
 C. Increases exponentially
 D. Remains constant
 Answer: C

48. What is the role of donor atoms in an n-type semiconductor?

 A. Create holes
 B. Donate electrons
 C. Increase resistivity
 D. Absorb energy
 Answer: B

49. Which of the following statements is true about the energy bands in
semiconductors?

 A. The valence band is completely empty

 B. The conduction band is partially filled

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  C. The band gap in semiconductors is smaller than in insulators
 D. The conduction band is completely full
 Answer: C

50. In a p-type semiconductor, what type of impurity atoms are added?

 A. Trivalent
 B. Pentavalent
 C. Tetravalent
 D. Hexavalent
 Answer: A

51. What is the dominant carrier in an n-type semiconductor?

 A. Holes
 B. Electrons
 C. Protons
 D. Neutrons
 Answer: B

52. Which material property is primarily influenced by the type and amount
of dopant in a semiconductor?

 A. Density
 B. Electrical conductivity
 C. Melting point
 D. Thermal expansion
 Answer: B

53. What type of semiconductor results from doping silicon with boron?

 A. N-type
 B. P-type
 C. Intrinsic
 D. Compound
 Answer: B

54. What is the typical energy gap of silicon at room temperature?

 A. 0.7 eV

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  B. 1.1 eV
 C. 1.4 eV
 D. 2.3 eV
 Answer: B

55. How does the conductivity of a semiconductor change with increased

doping concentration?

 A. It decreases
 B. It remains constant
 C. It increases
 D. It becomes zero
 Answer: C

56. Which process increases the conductivity of intrinsic semiconductors?

 A. Decreasing temperature
 B. Increasing temperature
 C. Applying mechanical stress
 D. Applying magnetic fields
 Answer: B

57. What type of semiconductor is formed when a semiconductor is doped

with elements from Group V of the periodic table?

 A. P-type
 B. N-type
 C. Intrinsic
 D. Amorphous
 Answer: B

58. What kind of impurity atoms are used to create p-type semiconductors?

 A. Donor atoms
 B. Acceptor atoms
 C. Neutral atoms
 D. Compound atoms
 Answer: B

59. Which of the following is a typical application of semiconductors?

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  A. Electrical insulation
 B. Heat conduction
 C. Signal amplification
 D. Mechanical support
 Answer: C

60. What is the effect of adding a pentavalent impurity to a semiconductor?

 A. It creates holes
 B. It creates free electrons
 C. It increases the band-gap energy
 D. It decreases the atomic mass
 Answer: B

61. What happens to the number of charge carriers in a semiconductor as

temperature increases?

 A. Decreases
 B. Remains the same
 C. Increases
 D. Becomes zero
 Answer: C

62. Which material is often used as a substrate in semiconductor devices?

 A. Copper
 B. Silicon
 C. Aluminum
 D. Iron
 Answer: B

63. What type of semiconductor is created by doping with a trivalent

impurity?

 A. N-type
 B. P-type
 C. Intrinsic
 D. Insulating
 Answer: B

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 64. Which element can be used to create n-type semiconductors by doping
silicon?

 A. Boron
 B. Phosphorus
 C. Carbon
 D. Hydrogen
 Answer: B

65. What is the effect of doping on the electrical properties of

semiconductors?

 A. Increases conductivity
 B. Decreases conductivity
 C. Does not affect conductivity
 D. Changes color
 Answer: A

66. Which type of semiconductor material is essential for the function of

solar cells?

 A. Conductor
 B. Insulator
 C. Semiconductor
 D. Superconductor
 Answer: C

67. What is the majority carrier in a p-type semiconductor?

 A. Electrons
 B. Holes
 C. Neutrons
 D. Protons
 Answer: B

68. In semiconductor physics, what does the term "recombination" refer to?

 A. The generation of electron-hole pairs

 B. The collision of atoms
 C. The annihilation of an electron and a hole

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  D. The movement of atoms
 Answer: C

69. Which material is commonly used as a semiconductor in electronic

devices?

 A. Silicon
 B. Gold
 C. Silver
 D. Copper
 Answer: A

70. Which process involves the introduction of impurities into a

semiconductor crystal to alter its electrical properties?

 A. Crystallization
 B. Recombination
 C. Doping
 D. Sintering
 Answer: C

71. What happens to the resistivity of an intrinsic semiconductor with

increasing temperature?

 A. It increases
 B. It decreases
 C. It remains constant
 D. It becomes infinite
 Answer: B

72. What is the main purpose of doping semiconductors?

 A. To change the color

 B. To increase mechanical strength
 C. To control electrical properties
 D. To improve thermal conductivity
 Answer: C

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 73. Which type of semiconductor is used in diodes and transistors?

 A. Insulator
 B. Metal
 C. Semiconductor
 D. Superconductor
 Answer: C

74. What type of impurity would you add to silicon to create an n-type
semiconductor?

 A. A group III element

 B. A group IV element
 C. A group V element
 D. A group VI element
 Answer: C

75. What type of charge carriers are predominant in a p-type

semiconductor?

 A. Electrons
 B. Holes
 C. Ions
 D. Protons
 Answer: B

76. Which process can increase the number of charge carriers in a

semiconductor?

 A. Cooling
 B. Heating
 C. Applying pressure
 D. Applying a magnetic field
 Answer: B

77. What is the term for the movement of charge carriers due to
concentration gradients in a semiconductor?

 A. Drift
 B. Diffusion

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  C. Recombination
 D. Ionization
 Answer: B

78. What is the effect of temperature on the intrinsic carrier concentration

in semiconductors?

 A. It decreases
 B. It remains constant
 C. It increases
 D. It fluctuates randomly
 Answer: C

79. Which type of semiconductor is created by doping silicon with elements

from group III of the periodic table?

 A. N-type
 B. P-type
 C. Intrinsic
 D. Insulating
 Answer: B

80. What is the primary carrier in an intrinsic semiconductor at room

temperature?

 A. Free electrons
 B. Free holes
 C. Equal number of electrons and holes
 D. Ions
 Answer: C

81. Which semiconductor property is most important for the operation of

LEDs?

 A. High thermal conductivity

 B. Direct band-gap
 C. High melting point
 D. High density
 Answer: B

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 82. In which type of semiconductor are electrons the minority carriers?

 A. N-type
 B. P-type
 C. Intrinsic
 D. Doped
 Answer: B

83. What effect does the addition of a trivalent impurity have on silicon?

 A. It creates free electrons

 B. It creates free holes
 C. It increases the energy gap
 D. It increases conductivity
 Answer: B

84. What kind of material can semiconductor devices be integrated into?

 A. Glass
 B. Plastic
 C. Metal
 D. Silicon wafer
 Answer: D

85. What is the term used to describe the electron-deficient region in a p-

type semiconductor?

 A. Conduction band
 B. Valence band
 C. Hole
 D. Donor level
 Answer: C

86. What is the primary purpose of adding pentavalent impurities to silicon?

 A. To decrease the band-gap

 B. To create n-type material
 C. To increase the atomic mass
 D. To make silicon an insulator
 Answer: B

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 87. Which of the following best describes the behavior of semiconductors at
very low temperatures?

 A. They behave like conductors

 B. They behave like insulators
 C. They have high conductivity
 D. They have no band-gap
 Answer: B

88. What property makes semiconductors suitable for use in electronic

circuits?

 A. High thermal conductivity

 B. Variable electrical conductivity
 C. High density
 D. High optical transparency
 Answer: B

89. In an n-type semiconductor, what are the majority carriers?

 A. Holes
 B. Electrons
 C. Neutrons
 D. Protons
 Answer: B

90. What is the effect of thermal energy on the electron-hole pairs in an

intrinsic semiconductor?

 A. It destroys them
 B. It creates them
 C. It stabilizes them
 D. It neutralizes them
 Answer: B

91. What is the term for materials that can conduct electricity better than
insulators but not as well as conductors?

 A. Insulators
 B. Conductors

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  C. Semiconductors
 D. Superconductors
 Answer: C

92. What type of semiconductor is formed by adding acceptor atoms?

 A. N-type
 B. P-type
 C. Intrinsic
 D. Metallic
 Answer: B

93. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of semiconductors?

 A. They have a small band-gap

 B. Their conductivity increases with temperature
 C. They have free electrons and holes as charge carriers
 D. They are good conductors at all temperatures
 Answer: D

94. Which element is commonly used to create p-type semiconductors?

 A. Phosphorus
 B. Arsenic
 C. Boron
 D. Antimony
 Answer: C

95. What happens to the conductivity of a p-type semiconductor as the

number of holes increases?

 A. It decreases
 B. It increases
 C. It remains constant
 D. It fluctuates
 Answer: B

96. Which of the following materials is an example of a semiconductor?

 A. Copper

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  B. Silicon
 C. Rubber
 D. Glass
 Answer: B

97. What is the main function of donor impurities in a semiconductor?

 A. To create free holes

 B. To create free electrons
 C. To increase the band-gap
 D. To make the material an insulator
 Answer: B

98. In semiconductor physics, what is the primary effect of recombination?

 A. Increases the number of free charge carriers

 B. Reduces the number of free charge carriers
 C. Increases the material's temperature
 D. Stabilizes the lattice structure
 Answer: B

99. What is the primary advantage of using silicon as a semiconductor

material?

 A. High melting point

 B. Abundance in nature
 C. High thermal conductivity
 D. Optical properties
 Answer: B

100. Which type of semiconductor results when silicon is doped with

phosphorus? –

A. P-type

B. N-type

C. Intrinsic

D. Insulating - Answer: B

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