Lecture – 26 to 29

Introduction to Computers/
Computer Skills
 Contents
• Computer Instruction
• Program
• Software
• Types of Software
• System Software
• System Management
• System Support
• System Development
• Application Software
• General Purpose
• Application Specific
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Computer Instruction

DO THIS!

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 Computer Instruction

• Instruction is any command given to the computer.

• For example:
1) Add two variables A and B
2) Display result
3) Read file

• Each of these is the individual instruction to the computer.

Ali Asghar Manjotho, Lecturer CSE-MUET 4
 Program

NOW DO THIS!
NOW DO THIS!
NOW DO THIS!
NOW DO THIS!
NOW DO THIS!

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 Program

• Program is a set (collection) of instruction to do a meaningful

task.

• A sequence of instructions that are interpreted and executed by a

computer. It can be made of a single or hundred of instructions.

• For example: In order to teach the computer on how to calculate

average of three numbers? We need to give multiple instructions
to the computer to do the task.
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 Program
Instruction 1: Get first number from the user and store it in A variable
Instruction 2: Get second number from the user and store it in B variable
Instruction 3: Get third number from the user and store it in C variable
Instruction 4: Add A, B, C and store the result in SUM variable
Instruction 5: Divide SUM by 3 and store result in AVG variable
Instruction 6: Display AVG variable

• Instructions 1-6 are used to solve a single task. This collection of instruction
is known as a program.

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 Software

• Software is a set of programs, which is designed to perform a

well-defined function. A program is a sequence of instructions
written to solve a particular problem.

• Software is a collection of instructions that enables the user to

interact with a computer or have it perform specific tasks for
them.

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Types of Software

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 System Software
• The system software is collection of programs designed to operate, control,
and extend the processing capabilities of the computer itself.
• System software are generally prepared by computer manufactures.
• System software is a program that manages and supports the computer
resources and operations of a computer system.
• Systems software functions as a bridge between computer system hardware
and the application software.
• Some examples of system software are:
• Operating System
• Compilers
• Interpreter
• Assemblers
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 System Software
Features of System Software

• Close to system
• Fast in speed
• Difficult to design
• Difficult to understand
• Less interactive
• Smaller in size
• Difficult to manipulate
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 Application Software
• Application software products are designed to satisfy a particular need of a
particular environment.
• Application software may consist of a single program, such as a Microsoft's
notepad for writing and editing simple text. It may also consist of a
collection of programs, often called a software package, which work together
to accomplish a task, such as a MS Office.
• Examples of Application software are:
• MS Word
• MS Excel
• Google Chrome Browser
• Internet Download Manager
• Windows Media Player
• VLC Media Player
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 Application Software
Features of Application Software

• Close to user
• Easy to design
• More interactive
• Slow in speed
• Easy to understand
• Easy to manipulate and use
• Bigger in size and requires large storage space
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 System Management Software

• These are programs that manage the application software, computer

hardware, and data resources of the computer system.

• These programs include operating systems, operating environment

programs, database management programs, and telecommunications
monitor programs.

• Among these, the most important system management programs are

operating systems.

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 System Support Software

• These are the programs that help the operations and management of a
computer system.

• They provide a variety of support services to let the computer hardware and
other system programs run efficiently.

• The major system support programs are:

• System utility programs (Check Disk, Disk Defragmentation, Backup)
• System performance monitor programs
• System security monitor programs (Antiviruses)

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 System Development Software

• These are programs that help users develop information system programs
and prepare user programs for computer processing.

• These programs may analyze and design systems and program itself.

• The main system development programs are:

• Programming language translators
• Programming environment programs
• Computer-aided software engineering packages

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 General Purpose Application Software
• These are the programs that fulfill particular needs of a general
users/environments.
• These programs are designed to be used by different environments.
• For example:
• MS Word
• MS Excel
• MS PowerPoint
• Internet Download Manager
• Google Chrome Browser
• These are the programs designed to be used in different offices, academics,
library, transport system etc. (Means they are not limited).

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Application Specific Application Software
• These are the programs that fulfill particular needs of a particular
user/environment.
• These programs are designed to be used by an specific environment.
• For example:
• MUET Examination Management System
• MUET Website
• MUET Library Management System
• Payroll Management System
• These are the programs designed to be used by MUET only. Also the
examination management system can be used in library and library
management can not be used in admission management system. (Means
they are limited).
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