Chuong 1 - Intoduction

Học viện Hàng Không Việt Nam – Khoa Khai thác HK
TỔNG QUAN VỀ PBC&S

(INTRODUCTION TO PBC&S)
GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 1



APANPIRG/23 – September 2012

Conclusions (1)

APANPIRG/23 – September 2012

Conclusions (2)

A Performance Based Approach

ICAO Global Air Navigation Plan

and ATM Concept
Navigation
Communication Surveillance AirTraffic Management
PBC PBN PBS
Performance Based Communication Performance Based Surveillance

Performance Based Navigation
Guidance Publications For RCP/RSP

 ICAO Doc 4444 and ICAO Annexes 2,6,10, and 11
 Global Operational Data Link Document (GOLD), 14 June

2010
-- Derived from these documents
- RTCA DO-306 Safety and Performance Standard for Air
Traffic Data Link Services in Oceanic and Remote Airspace
(Oceanic SPR Standard), 11 October 2007
- ICAO Document 9869, Manual on Required Communication
Performance, First Edition, 2008

1. What is PBC & PBS?

PBS - ICAO OPLINKP amend Annex 6,11?
Performance-based communication (PBC).
ATS communication services and capability based on
performance requirements for air traffic service provision,
aircraft and flight operations along an ATS route, on an
instrument approach procedure or in a designated
airspace.
Note.— Communication performance requirements are
allocated to system components in an RCP specification in
terms of communication transaction time, continuity,
availability, integrity, safety and functionality needed for the
proposed operation in the context of a particular airspace


Performance-based surveillance (PBS): ATS surveillance
services and capability based on performance requirements
for air traffic service provision, aircraft and flight operations
along an ATS route, on an instrument approach procedure or
in a designated airspace.
Note.— Surveillance performance requirements are allocated

to system components in an RSP specification in terms of
surveillance data delivery time, continuity, availability, integrity,
accuracy of the surveillance data, safety and functionality
needed for the proposed operation in the context of a particular
airspace concept.

Performance-based communication (PBC) and performance-
based surveillance (PBS) constitute performance-based
communication and surveillance (PBCS) and are similar, and
complementary, to performance-based navigation (PBN). PBC
and PBS involve the establishment of required communication
performance (RCP) and required surveillance performance (RSP)
specifications and imposing them on aeronautical communication
and surveillance systems respectively


• Required communication performance (RCP) specification.
– A set of requirements for air traffic service provision,
aircraft capability, and operations needed to support
performance-based communication within a defined
airspace.
Note: The term RCP, has been revised to align the concept of PBC
with the concept of PBN. The term RCP is now used in the context
of a specification that is applicable to the prescription of airspace
requirements, qualification of ATS provision, aircraft capability, and
operational use, including post-implementation monitoring (e.g. RCP
240 refers to the criteria for various components of the operational
system to ensure an acceptable intervention capability for the
controller is maintained).

• Required surveillance performance (RSP) specification.
– A set of requirements for air traffic service provision,
aircraft capability, and operations needed to support
performance-based surveillance within a defined
airspace.
Note: The term RSP is used in the context of a specification that is
applicable to the prescription of airspace requirements, qualification
of ATS provision, aircraft capability, and operational use, including
post-implementation monitoring (e.g. RSP 180 refers to the criteria for
various components of the operational system to ensure an
acceptable surveillance capability for the controller is maintained).


PBCS – Prescription of RCP/RSP
Based on RCP and RSP, PBCS will enable:
• ICAO to specify communication and surveillance
requirements for specific ATS operations (e.g. application
of separation minimum);
• Regions/States to prescribe RCP and RSP specifications
in Regional Supplementary Procedures and Aeronautical
Information Publications (AIPs or similar publication)


PBCS – Prescription of RCP/RSP
• Based on RCP and RSP, PBCS will enable
– Aircraft systems to be approved in accordance with prescribed
RCP and RSP specifications
– Operators to be authorized by the State of Registry or State of
the Operator, as appropriate, and to file the prescribed
performance based designators (e.g. RCP 240, RSP 180) in
their flight plans
– ANSPs to ensure infrastructure in accordance with prescribed
RCP and RSP specifications and assess aircraft capability from
flight plan information, to safely apply the appropriate ATS (e.g.
reduced separation) to eligible aircraft

Why PBCS? – What is RCP/RSP of these aircraft?
VHF? VDL2?
POA?
RNP4
Inmarsat SBB?
RCP240?
Inmarsat I3?
RCP400? Inmarsat I4?
RNP4
SATCOM?
Iridium Next?
RNP4
RNP4
RNP4 RSP180?
Iridium?
RNP from FPL RSP400?
RNP4
MTSAT?
RNP4 HFDL?
RCP/RSP from ?
RNP10 SATCOM+HFDL?
4
GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân
16

PBCS – Continued Compliance
• Based on RCP and RSP, PBCS will enable:
– ICAO Regions to conduct post-implementation monitoring
of operational performance against RCP and RSP
specifications, and initiate corrective action to the
appropriate party, as necessary, for continued operational
safety
– ICAO Regions to exchange performance information in a
consistent way
– Operators will need to establish programs that support
post-implementation monitoring activities


RSP/RCP – tactical indication in aircraft
• Aircraft provides the flight crew with alerts in case of
equipment/capability failures, e.g.
– Communication Means failure (e.g. SATCOM FAULT)
– Definitive connectivity loss (e.g. VHF3 DATALINK FAULT)
– Failure of ATC Data Link (e.g. ATC DATA LINK FAULT)
BUT
• There is no RCP/RSP indication directly displayed to the flight
crew.
Note: Appropriate procedures (refer to GOLD) and associated training is

required to ensure failure notifications to ANSP.


RSP/RCP – tactical indication to controller
• ATM ground system automation provides the controller with
alerts in case of equipment/capability failures, e.g.
– Communication failure. (e.g. ACARS FAULT)
– CPDLC transaction timeouts. (e.g. NO RESPONSE RECEIVED)
– ADS-C periodic reports overdue.
Note: If ground system provides indication to controller for action then controller
can assess suitability of communications and surveillance for continued
application of ATS service based on workload
BUT
• There is no real time monitor of actual performance to indicate
“RCP/RSP unable” directly to the controller.
Note: Appropriate procedures (refer to GOLD) and associated training is required
for equipment/capability failures e.g. aircraft SATCOM failure?

RSP/RCP – tactical indication to controller

2. PBCS – an introductory history

In 1991, the 10th ANC endorse the Future Air Navigation System
concept.
This becomes known as the communications, navigation,
surveillance/air traffic management (CNS/ATM) systems concept.
In 1996, at the 4th meeting of the Aeronautical Mobile

Communications Panel (AMCP/4) recognises the absence of objective
criteria to evaluate communications performance.
In 1997, the Air Navigation Commission tasks OPLINKP to develop

the concept of Required Communications Performance (RCP).


In 2000 AMCP is renamed the Operational Data Link Panel
(OPLINKP)
In 2001, OPLINKP completed a concept of RCP and the Air

Navigation Commission solicit State comment.
In 2002, OPLINKP were tasked to develop a manual on RCP and as

necessary develop SARP’s and procedures relating to the use of RCP
in ATS.


In 2003, the 11th ANC endorse recommendations to :
– Confirm development of RCP
– Investigate further areas including:
• Relationship of RCP to separation studies and interoperability
• RCP Types and Allocations
• Safety performance monitoring
In 2007, Annex 6 - Operation of Aircraft,

– Amended to introduce concept of RCP in the provision of ATS.
In 2007, Annex 11 – Air Traffic Services and Doc 4444 PANS - ATM,
– Amended to introduce definitions and associated procedures for
RCP.

In 2007, RTCA DO-306/EUROCAE ED-122 Safety and Performance
Standard for Air Traffic Data Link Services in Oceanic and Remote
Airspace (Oceanic SPR Standard) is published.
– Provides operational, safety, and performance requirements for
data link services that support specific ATS functions in oceanic
and remote airspace.
– Specifically provides RCP/RSP allocations for reduced
separation standards
In 2008, ICAO Doc 9869 Manual on Required Communications

Performance is published.


In 2010, ICAO Global Operational Data Link Document (GOLD) is
published.
– Appendix B – RCP Specifications
– Appendix C – RSP Specifications
– Appendix D – Post Implementation Monitoring and Corrective
Actions
In 2011/12, GOLD Edition 2 is developed with planned completion

April 2013.
The GOLD, First Edition, Appendix C, refers to “surveillance
performance specifications.” The GOLD, Second Edition, will refer
specifically to “RSP specifications.”


In 2012/2013, OPLINKP develop proposals to:
– Rename ICAO Doc 9869 “Manual on Required
Communications Performance” to “Performance Based
Communications and Surveillance (PBCS) Manual”.
– Move guidance material from GOLD Edition 2 Appendix B –
RCP Specifications, Appendix C – RSP Specifications, and
Appendix D – Post Implementation Monitoring and Corrective
Action into PBCS Manual.
– Amend Annex 6 Part I and Annex 11 to include standards
associated with PBCS similar to PBN and refer to guidance
material in Doc 9869 PBCS Manual.
– Amend PANS-ATM Doc 4444 for flight plan provisions
concerning PBCS


FANS1/A - A Performance Based System?
Corrective
e s FANS 1/A
c afety action
n
Adva
Aircraft Avionics
manufacturer Continuous
supplier
CSP
improvement
Operator
Satellite
ATSP company
Network
Central CPDLC RCP &
Reporting ADS-C safety
Agency performance
FANS 1/A
monitoring


PBCS - Continuous performance improvement


3. Relationship with SSM responsibilities

Annex 19 — Safety Management requires States to establish and
maintain a State safety programmes (SSP) to proactively manage
safety that supports the continued improvement of safety
performance. The PBCS concept supports States in managing the
safety performance with an effective means of implementing the SSP
and safety oversight system.
The RCP and RSP specifications, one of the key elements of the
concept, prescribes the functional, safety and performance
requirements for all components of communication and surveillance
systems. These components include the provision of air traffic
services, including contracted communication and surveillance
services, the aircraft operator and the aircraft systems.


States can use the specifications to evaluate the initial and ongoing
compliance of these systems. In addition, the specifications serve to
ensure that the entities involved commit to managing and monitoring
the safety performance of communication and surveillance systems,
which contribute to achieving an acceptable level of safety
performance for the State.
The PBCS monitoring programmes required as part of the concept

will support hazard identification as well as safety risk assessment
and management. It also supports exchange of safety information on
both a regional and global basis.


In accordance with Annex 19, States are also required to ensure that
the following service providers under their responsibility implement a
safety management system (SMS) and manage their interfaces with
other organizations that can contribute to the safety of their products
or services:
a) approved training organizations;
b) aircraft operators or helicopters authorized to conduct
international commercial air transport;
c) organizations responsible for the type design or manufacture
of aircraft, engines or propellers;
d) air traffic services providers; and
e) operators of certified aerodromes.


The importance of interface management for air traffic services
providers and aircraft operators is highlighted in the PBCS concept.
When communication and surveillance services are negotiated, the
air traffic services provider and aircraft operators should establish
proper mechanisms, such as administrative and legal arrangements.
These mechanisms should ensure the initial and ongoing compliance,
by the contracted communication services providers (CSP) and
Satellite service provider (SSP) with the functional, safety and
performance requirements described in the RCP and RSP
specifications.


Communication services provider (CSP). Any public or private entity
providing communication services for general air traffic. The services
would include those provided by a satellite service provider (SSP)
through a contract or agreement.
Satellite service provider (SSP). An entity or group of entities that

provide, via satellite, aeronautical fixed services and/or aeronautical
mobile services at least from the signal in space to/from aircraft, to the
attachment point of the ground earth station (GES) to the ground
communication services network.


4. Performance Based Communication (PBC)
Communication
Infrastructure
Communication
Specification


Communication Infrastructure refers to space-based and/or
ground-based communication system available to meet the
requirements in the communication specification
 Radio Wave
 HF, VHF, UHF Communication
 CPDLC
 SATVOICE
Infrastructure


CPDLC (Controller Pilot Data Link Communications)
Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) is a means of
communication between controller and pilot, using data link for ATC
communications.
CPDLC is a two-way data-link system by which controllers can

transmit non urgent 'strategic messages to an aircraft as an
alternative to voice communications. The message is displayed on a
flight deck visual display.


CPDLC (Controller Pilot Data Link Communications)


Satvoice (Satellite Voice)
ATS SATVOICE allows ground-air voice communication using
Inmarsat and Iridium satellite networks, regardless of fleet. As a
perfect substitute for traditional High Frequency voice coverage in
oceanic and remote airspace, ATS SATVOICE works with any
standard voice communication system.


Satvoice


Satvoice


A communication specification
refers to a document or set of
requirements that define the
parameters, protocols, formats,
and standards for
communication within a system
or between multiple systems. It
outlines the details and
specifications necessary to
establish effective and efficient
communication between
different entities, such as
devices, software applications,
or network components.


RCP specification that provides the values assigned to RCP
parameters for communication transaction time, continuity, availability
and integrity, and allocations to ANSP, aircraft, CSP/SSP and aircraft
operator

5. Performance Based Surveillance (PBS)
Surveillance
Infrastructure
Surveillance
Specification


Radar (RAdio Detection And Ranging)
The transmitter emits energy

(electromagnetic waves) into
the environment


Radar (RAdio Detection And Ranging)
The radar receives energy

(electromagnetic waves)
back from the target
Distance to 1
aircraft   Velocity signalTime
of 2


Primary Surveillance Radar – PSR
A surveillance radar system which uses reflected radio signals.
The PSR output data uses polar coordinate system - it provides range
and bearing of the targets found in respect of the antenna position.
Note that the range is the slant distance from the antenna and not the
horizontal distance.

Primary Surveillance Radar – PSR


Secondary Surveillance Radar – SSR
A surveillance radar
system which uses
transmitters/receivers
(interrogators) and
transponders.

2. Radar
Phân loại radar – theo nguyên lý hoạt động
Radar thứ cấp (Secondary Surveillance Radar)




Civil aircraft may be equipped with transponders capable of operating
in different modes:
Mode A: This is the simplest of all; it only displays the position of
the aircraft.
Mode C: Displays the position and pressure altitude
(altitude/flight level) of the aircraft.
Mode S: This is the most sophisticated mode, also used by
commercial aircraft. It provides position, altitude, speed, weather
reports, ground speed and TCAS, which is a system that prevents
in-flight collisions between aircraft.
Mode C or S equipment is a mandatory requirement for many busy

areas of controlled airspace.

Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS)


Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS)


Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B)
ADS-B is automatic because
no external stimulus is
required; it is dependent
because it relies on on-board
systems to provide
surveillance information to
other parties. Finally, the data
is broadcast, the originating
source has no knowledge of
who receives the data and
there is no interrogation or
two-way contract.


Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B)


Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Contract (ADS-C)
Automatic dependent surveillance — contract (ADS-C): means by
which the terms of an ADS-C agreement will be exchanged between
the ground system and the aircraft, via a data link, specifying under
what conditions ADS-C reports would be initiated, and what data
would be contained in the reports.






Multilateration (MLAT/WAM)
Multilateration (MLat) is a proven technology
that has been in use for many decades in both
navigation and surveillance applications. It is
based on a methodology known as Time
Difference of Arrival (TDOA) which can be
utilised in one of two ways:
• The signal from a mobile unit is measured at
a number of known, fixed locations
• The signals from a number of fixed locations
are measured by a mobile receiver
The TDOA of the signals at the receiver(s)
allows the position of the mobile entity to be
determined.




Surveillance specification refers

to a document or set of
requirements that outline the
criteria, features, and
parameters for a surveillance
system or equipment. It
provides detailed information
about the desired functionality,
performance, and capabilities of
the surveillance system.


RSP specification that provides the values assigned to RSP
parameters for communication transaction time, continuity, availability
and integrity, and allocations to ANSP, aircraft, CSP/SSP and aircraft
operator


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Học viện Hàng Không Việt Nam – Khoa Khai thác HK

TỔNG QUAN VỀ PBC&S

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 1

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 2

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 3

APANPIRG/23 – September 2012

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 4

APANPIRG/23 – September 2012

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 5

A Performance Based Approach

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 6

ICAO Global Air Navigation Plan

PBC PBN PBS

Performance Based Communication Performance Based Surveillance

Guidance Publications For RCP/RSP

 Global Operational Data Link Document (GOLD), 14 June

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 8

1. What is PBC & PBS?

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 9

1. What is PBC & PBS?

Note.— Surveillance performance requirements are allocated

1. What is PBC & PBS?

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 11

1. What is PBC & PBS?

1. What is PBC & PBS?

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 13

1. What is PBC & PBS?

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 14

1. What is PBC & PBS?

1. What is PBC & PBS?

1. What is PBC & PBS?

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 17

1. What is PBC & PBS?

Note: Appropriate procedures (refer to GOLD) and associated training is

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 18

1. What is PBC & PBS?

1. What is PBC & PBS?

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 20

2. PBCS – an introductory history

In 1996, at the 4th meeting of the Aeronautical Mobile

In 1997, the Air Navigation Commission tasks OPLINKP to develop

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 21

2. PBCS – an introductory history

In 2001, OPLINKP completed a concept of RCP and the Air

In 2002, OPLINKP were tasked to develop a manual on RCP and as

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 22

2. PBCS – an introductory history

In 2007, Annex 6 - Operation of Aircraft,

2. PBCS – an introductory history

In 2008, ICAO Doc 9869 Manual on Required Communications

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 24

2. PBCS – an introductory history

In 2011/12, GOLD Edition 2 is developed with planned completion

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 25

2. PBCS – an introductory history

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 26

2. PBCS – an introductory history

GVHD: Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Quân 27